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11/8/2013

Definition
The reasonable probable and legal use of
vacant land or an improved property that is
physically possible, appropriately supported,
and financially feasible and that results in the
highest value
AHMAD SAIFUDIN MUTAQI, IAI. IR. MT.
Four tests
ƒ Legally permissable
ƒ Physically possible
ƒ Financially feasible
PUSAT STUDI REAL ESTAT BERKELANJUTAN ƒ Maximally productive
CENTER OF SUSTAINABLE REAL ESTATE STUDY
Refference: Finance 673 Real Property Valuation
Department of Finance, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University

SITE ANALYSIS HBU as though Vacant


SITE LEGAL PERMISSIBILITY & PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE

Site Analysis  Quantify demand 
Marketability 
capture or 
Legal permissibility
Liability Study  or supply in trade 
(fixed) area
penetration 
absorption
ƒ Analysis of zoning
ƒ Probability of zoning change
Market Analysis 
Trade area 
Financial 
–History of rezonings
analysis 
Study feasibility after tax –Comprehensive plan
(alternative uses)

ƒ Environmental regulations
Preliminary 
Examination of 
Highest and  Physically possible
highest and best 
alternative uses best use 
use analysis ƒ Consider parcel size, shape, terrain, etc.
11/8/2013

HBU as though Vacant HBU as though Vacant


(continued) (continued)
Financially feasible Maximum productivity
ƒ Of the uses that are legal and physically ƒ Analysis of financially feasible uses
possible, which are financially feasible ƒ HBU is use that produces highest land residual
ƒ For income producing uses ƒ Land residual analysis
–Feasible if income greater than operating –Value of proposed use (land and buildings)
expenses, debt service, required return to less development cost (and profit) equals land
equity residual
ƒ Non-income producing uses –Overall value (Vo) - cost = land residual (VL)
–Feasible if value greater than the amount –Quantity left over
needed to develop and market property

HBU as Improved HBU as Improved (continued)


Financially feasible
Identify renovations, rehabilitation, conversion ƒ Continued market demand
(re-use), change of use ƒ Are changes feasible?
Legal permissible Maximum productivity
ƒ Whether subject conforms to existing ƒ Are costs of any indicated changes justified?
regulations ƒ Which change allows greatest value (net after
ƒ Evaluate existing improvements cost)
Physically possible ƒ Usually conclude existing uses are HBU, unless
ƒ Existing use is they no longer contribute value, and alternative
ƒ Modifications possible use of land has high enough vlaue to justify
demolition cost

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