Culture of Paris

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The culture of Paris concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals and other

entertainment in Paris, the capital city of France. The city is today one of the world's
leading business and cultural centers; entertainment, music, media, fashion, and the
arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.
Paris is also home to notable cultural attractions such as the Louvre, Musée
Picasso, Musée Rodin, Musée du Montparnasse, and Musée National d'Art Moderne.
The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are notable for
housing Impressionist era masterpieces, while art and artifacts from the Middle
Ages can be seen in Musée Cluny.
A variety of landmarks and objects are cultural icons associated with Paris, such
as Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame de Paris and Opéra Garnier. Many of Paris' once-
popular local establishments have come to cater to the tastes and expectations of
tourists, rather than local patrons. Le Lido, the cabaret-dance hall, for example, is a

staged dinner theater spectacle, a dance display that was once but one aspect of the
cabaret's former atmosphere. All of the establishment's former social or cultural
elements, such as its ballrooms and gardens, are gone today. Much of Paris' hotel,
restaurant, and night entertainment trades have become heavily dependent on
tourism

Paris is known for its dense cultural and artisitic network. Museums, architecture, history or
music, even the town design has stories to tell and is surrounded by myths and anecdotes.

Paris’ unique urban layout is divided into 20 neighborhoods, or arrondissements that are laid
out in a spiral pattern starting from the center of the city and referred to by numbers. Each
arrondissement has its own unique character, ranging from downtown hustle and bustle to
cozy residential streets and everything in between. The popular Marais, including the 3rd and
4th arrondissements, combines unique Renaissance architecture with great shopping. The
fun vibes of the Latin Quarter in the 5th and 6th arrondissements make a great place for
students and young travelers to hang out. The popular but unmissable Champs Elysées is
often described as the Times Square of Paris. But these areas just scratch the surface! Paris’
winding streets and alleyways offer unique squares, neighborhoods, residential areas,
hidden cafes, and independent boutique shops around every turn. It’s up to you to discover
them all!
Food delicacies

CHEESES FROM THE PARIS REGION

Made mainly from cow's milk, cheeses of the Paris region are distinguished by their softness
and their ancestral methods of production. Most well-known are the bries: from Meaux,
Montereau, Melun or Provins. These cheeses made from unpasteurized milk and have a soft
texture and distinctive flavour. On markets in Paris, you will also find Coulommiers, whose taste
and texture are similar to Camembert. A real treat!
In 1955, a Parisian pastry chef created a cake made of successive layers of coffee flavoured
cream, coffee ganache and almond sponge, and a smooth and generous chocolate topping.
When his wife saw this geometric glossy creation, she compared it to the sumptuous stage of the
Paris Opera House, Palais Garnier, and so this became the name of the cake. The cake contains
another reference to Paris too … it is made up of Joconde (Mona Lisa) almond flavoured spong

The Parisian macaron is a delicious round-shaped creation, perfect for a tea break. Composed of
two crisp shells made of ground almonds, macarons are filled with a sweet paste of classic and
exotic flavours such as pistachio, chocolate, red fruits or liquorice. Top Parisian patisserie
houses like Ladurée,and Pierre Hermé have contributed to their fame.

This dish dates back to the 19th century when La Villette was still a slaughterhouse.
The butchers working there were fond of eating rib steak with butter and herbs. This was
traditionally served with ‘Pont-Neuf potatoes’ –  ancestors of chips and which, according to
legend, were invented ... on the Pont-Neuf! Today, it is still a staple dish in Parisian bistros. Note:
in France, there are four different cooking times for beef (very rare, rare, medium rare and well-
cooked).

PARISIAN HONEY

Did you know that the most beautiful rooftops in Paris are a haven for bees? The Musée
d'Orsay, the Monnaie de Paris, the Institut de France, and even the Hôtel National des
Invalides are home to beehives where bees produce honey from the many species
of flowers in gardens and on balconies in the capital. You can buy this delicious product from
suppliers like Le miel de Paris.

This rich flavoured soup of broth and caramelized onions is topped with a layer of melted grated
cheese mixed with crunchycroutons. It used to be served by restaurants in the old market
halls to reinvigorate the handlers and night revellers. Today, onion soup is on the menu in all
good brasseries.
History

The oldest traces of human occupation in Paris, discovered in 2008 near the Rue Henri-Farman
in the 15th arrondissement, are human bones and evidence of an encampment of hunter-
gatherers dating from about 8000 BC, during the Mesolithic period.[1] Between 250 and 225 BC,
the Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, settled on the banks of the Seine, built bridges and
a fort, minted coins, and began to trade with other river settlements in Europe. [2]
In 52 BC, a Roman army led by Titus Labienus defeated the Parisii and established a Gallo-
Roman garrison town called Lutetia.[3] The town was Christianised in the 3rd century AD, and after
the collapse of the Roman Empire, it was occupied by Clovis I, the King of the Franks, who made
it his capital in 508.
During the Middle Ages, Paris was the largest city in Europe, an important religious and
commercial centre, and the birthplace of the Gothic style of architecture. The University of
Paris on the Left Bank, organised in the mid-13th century, was one of the first in Europe. It
suffered from the Bubonic Plague in the 14th century and the Hundred Years' War in the 15th
century, with recurrence of the plague. Between 1418 and 1436, the city was occupied by
the Burgundians and English soldiers. In the 16th century, Paris became the book-publishing
capital of Europe, though it was shaken by the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and
Protestants. In the 18th century, Paris was the centre of the intellectual ferment known as
the Enlightenment, and the main stage of the French Revolution from 1789, which is remembered
every year on the 14th of July with a military parade.
In the 19th century, Napoleon embellished the city with monuments to military glory. It became
the European capital of fashion and the scene of two more revolutions (in 1830 and 1848).
Under Napoleon III and his Prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the centre of
Paris was rebuilt between 1852 and 1870 with wide new avenues, squares and new parks, and
the city was expanded to its present limits in 1860. In the latter part of the century, millions of
tourists came to see the Paris International Expositions and the new Eiffel Tower.
In the 20th century, Paris suffered bombardment in World War I and German occupation from
1940 until 1944 in World War II. Between the two wars, Paris was the capital of modern art and a
magnet for intellectuals, writers and artists from around the world. The population reached its
historic high of 2.1 million in 1921, but declined for the rest of the century. New museums
(The Centre Pompidou, Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée d'Orsay) were opened, and
the Louvre given its glass pyramid.
In the 21st century, Paris added new museums and a new concert hall, but in 2005 it also
experienced violent unrest in the housing projects in the surrounding banlieues (suburbs),
inhabited largely by first and second generation immigrants from France's former colonies in
the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, the city and the nation were shocked by two
deadly terrorist attacks carried out by Islamic extremists. The population of the city declined
steadily from 1921 until 2004, due to a decrease in family size and an exodus of the middle class
to the suburbs; but it is increasing slowly once again, as young people and immigrants move into
the city.
Language

 I haven't been to Paris, but as it is the capital of France they are supposed to
speak French. People coming to live from former French colonies speak either
a variety of French or some languages spoken mostly in Africa, like the Arabic
of Maghreb.

 Unlike other parts of France, like Brittany, Alsace, some parts of Northern
France close to Flemish speaking parts of Belgium, parts of France close to
Italy, the Basque country, the southern part of France, which lost the battle
when French was standardized, there has never been in the Paris area a local
alternative to French since French exists.

 French Language. The official language in Paris and the rest of France is

French. Contrary to other counties, English isn’t widely spoken. Although
Parisians do not generally speak or like to speak English, tourists won’t have
any problems communicating in this language in most hotels, restaurants and
shops. Here is a list of basic ...
Tourist attraction
Paris (Frenchlisten)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an
estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi),
[4]
 making it the 34th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. [5] Since the 17th century,
Paris has been one of the world's major centres
of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, science, and arts, and has sometimes
been referred to as the capital of the world[6][7][8][9][10] or City of Lights[11]. The City of Paris is the
centre of the region and province of Île-de-France, or Paris Region, with an estimated population
of 12 262 544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France. [12] The Paris Region had
a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest of Europe. [13] According to
the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, in 2021 Paris was the city with
the second-highest cost of living in the world, tied with Singapore, and after Tel Aviv.[14]
Paris is a major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international
airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (the second-busiest airport in Europe) and Paris–Orly.[15]
[16]
 Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers
daily;[17] it is the second-busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is
the 24th-busiest railway station in the world and the busiest located outside Japan, with 262
million passengers in 2015.[18] Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural
landmarks: the Louvre received 2.8 million visitors in 2021, despite the long museum closings
caused by the COVID-19 virus.[19] The Musée d'Orsay, Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de
l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art. The Pompidou
Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary
art in Europe. The Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of two noted Parisians.
The historical district along the Seine in the city centre has been classified as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site since 1991; popular landmarks there include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de
Paris on the Île de la Cité, now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire. Other popular
tourist sites include the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, also on the Île de la Cité;
the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand
Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on
the Champs-Élysées, and the hill of Montmartre with its artistic history and its Basilica of Sacré-
Coeur.[20]
Paris hosts several United Nations organisations: the UNESCO, the Young Engineers /
Future Leaders, the World Federation of Engineering Organizations, and other
international organisations such as the OECD, the OECD Development Centre,
the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Energy Agency,
the International Federation for Human Rights, the International Organisation of La Francophonie;
along with European bodies such as the European Space Agency, the European Banking
Authority or the European Securities and Markets Authority. Other international organisations
were founded in Paris such as the CIMAC in 1951.
Culture

The culture of Norway is closely linked to the country's history and geography.

The unique Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce
resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 19th century, it brought
about a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian
language and media. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to
achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in
the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and art.

The  culture of Norway is closely linked to the country's history and geography. The unique
Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources
and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 19th century, it brought about
a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language
and media. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve
an independent identity in the areas ofThe national culture of Norway tends to be child-
centered. Many welfare systems exist to ensure that children receive adequate care and
protection during their childhood. Norwegians tend to be private, noncompetitive, and
egalitarian in their attitude. They value independence and self-sufficiency

 Keeping calm and not displaying strong emotions in public are common
virtues in Norway.
 Despite the emphasis on modesty,Norway mostly has a low-context style
of communication.
 Although the feeling of being one nation is strong,there are strong
individualistic and egalitarian attitudes,being self-reliant and equal is highly
regarded. ...
Food Delicacies

 Norway also has fast-food specialities for on-the-go eating, the most common
being pølse. This popular sausage has a similar style and flavour to a hot dog
or a frankfurter. An import from Norway’s neighbour Denmark, pølse became a
favourite delicacy during the 1950s.
 Meat also makes up a number of popular Norwegian delicacies, such as
kjøttboller or kjøttkaker. These can be described as rougher version of
Swedish meatballs. Differing from their Scandinavian cousins, kjøttboller are a
more loosely bound patty of beef, flavored with ginger and nutmeg before
frying.
 Here’s our pick of traditional Norwegian foods and the best places to try them.
Salmon is a staple food when it comes to the Norwegian diet, with the
country’s long coastline and many fjords producing ample amounts of fish.
Due to the colder temperatures, the fish grow over a longer period of time,
allowing them to develop a deeper, richer flavour.
 Used in the cooking process of many Norwegian delicacies, and typically
consumed during festive occasions and celebrations, akevitt is Norway’s
national drink. The name derives from the Latin words aqua and vitae which
translate as “water of life”.
HISTORY

History of Norway
The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the
terrain and the climate of the region. About 10,000 BC, following the retreat of the
great inland ice sheets, the earliest inhabitants migrated north into the territory which
is now Norway. They traveled steadily northwards along the coastal areas, warmed
by the Gulf Stream, where life was more bearable. To survive they fished and
hunted reindeer (and other prey). Between 5,000 BC and 4,000 BC the earliest
agricultural settlements appeared around the Oslofjord. Gradually, between 1500 BC
and 500 BC, these agricultural settlements spread into the southern areas of Norway
– whilst the inhabitants of the northern regions continued to hunt and fish.
The Neolithic period started in 4000 BC. The Migration Period caused the
first chieftains to take control and the first defenses to be made. From the last
decades of the 8th century Norwegians started expanding across the seas to
the British Isles and later Iceland and Greenland. The Viking Age also saw
the unification of the country. Christianization took place during the 11th century
and Nidaros became an archdiocese. The population expanded quickly until 1349
(Oslo: 3,000; Bergen: 7,000; Trondheim: 4,000) [citation needed] when it was halved by
the Black Death and successive plagues. Bergen became the main trading port,
controlled by the Hanseatic League. Norway entered the Kalmar Union with Denmark
and Sweden in 1397.
After Sweden left the union in 1523, Norway became the junior partner in Denmark–
Norway. The Reformation was introduced in 1537 and absolute monarchy imposed in
1661. In 1814, after being on the losing side of the Napoleonic Wars with Denmark,
Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel. Norway declared its
independence and adopted a constitution. However, no foreign powers recognized
the Norwegian independence but supported the Swedish demand for Norway to
comply with the treaty of Kiel. After a short war with Sweden, the countries concluded
the Convention of Moss, in which Norway accepted a personal union with Sweden,
keeping its Constitution, Storting and separate institutions, except for the foreign
service. The union was formally established after the extraordinary Storting adopted
the necessary amendments to the Constitution and elected Charles XIII of
Sweden as king of Norway on 4 November 1814.
Industrialization started in the 1840s and from the 1860s large-scale emigration to
North America took place. In 1884 the king appointed Johan Sverdrup as prime
minister, thus establishing parliamentarism. The union with Sweden was dissolved in
1905. From the 1880s to the 1920s, Norwegians such as Roald
Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen carried out a series of important polar expeditions.
Shipping and hydroelectricity were important sources of income for the country. The
following decades saw a fluctuating economy.
movement. Germany occupied Norway between 1940 and 1945 during the Second
World War, after which Norway joined NATO and underwent a period of
reconstruction under public planning. Oil was discovered in 1969 and by 1995
Norway was the world's second-largest exporter. This resulted in a large increase of
wealth. From the 1980s Norway started deregulation in many sectors and
experienced a banking crisis.
By the 21st century, Norway became one of the world's most prosperous countries
with oil and gas production accounting for 20 percent of its economy By reinvesting
its oi
l revenues, Norway had the world's largest sovereign wealth fund in 2017
Bunads (Traditional Norwegian dress) The most famous custom in Norway,or at
least one of the most popular ones,is wearing a Bunad,during the official
celebrations like May ...
1. Nature first. Eventhough most of their famous dishes include meat or
fish,we have to admit N orwegians respect a lot their
nature,forests and wildlife.
2. Cabbins. ...