QUARTER 3-MODULE 1

Lesson 3.6 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS

A polynomial is a special type of algebraic expression that contains a specific number of terms each of
which is of the form ax n or bx m y n ,where a and b are real numbers, and m and n are whole numbers. The
following are examples of polynomials.

0 2x
−5
x+ y x 2+ 3 x −1
4
x− y √ 2 x 4 + 3 x 3 y−x 2 y 2−x y 3 + y 4
4

The following are algebraic expressions but are not polynomials.

−2
3 x +4 5
x

√ 7 x3 4
2
2 2 3 x
x y +3 x y −5 x 3 1
√x
The examples suggest that a variable in a polynomial cannot appear in a denominator, in a radical sign,
as an exponent, or cannot have a negative or fractional exponent.

The degree of a term in a polynomial is the power of the variable in the term. If a term contains two
or more variables, the degree of the term is the sum of the powers of the variables.
The degree of a polynomial is the same as that of the term with the highest degree.
The degree of nonzero constant is 0. 0 (zero) is the only polynomial without a degree.

Example 3.6.1 Determine the degree of each polynomial.

a. 5 x 4−3 x 3 +2 x 2−4 4
3 3 5 3 2
b. b. 3 x −2 x y + x y −4 7

A polynomial with one term is called a monomial ; a polynomial with two terms is called a binomial ;
and a polynomial with three terms is a trinomial . A multinomial is an algebraic expression that is a
sum of two or more terms.

Activity 10

Familiarize yourself with the Tiles below:

Stands for +1 Stands for x

Stands for −1 Stands for −x

Stands Stands
for x 2 for −x 2

Can you represent the following quantities using the above tiles?
1. x−2

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 2. 4 x+1

Activity 11

Use the tiles to find the sum of the following polynomials;

1. 5 x+ 3 x
2. ( 3 x−4 )−6 x
3. ( 2 x 2−5 x+2 ) + ( 3 x 2 +2 x )

Question: Can you come up with the rules for adding polynomials?

Discussion
The tiles can make operations on polynomials easy to understand and do.

Let us discuss the 10th activity.

1. To represent x – 2, we get one (+ x ) tile and two (−1) tiles.

2. To represent 4 x+1 , we get four (+ x ) tiles and one (+1) tile.

What about the 11th activity? Did you pick out the correct tiles?

1. 5 x+ 3 x
Get five (+ x ) tiles and three more(+ x ) tiles. How many do you have in all?

There are eight (+ x ) altogether. Therefore, 5 x+ 3 x=8 x .

2. ( 3 x−4 )−6 x
Get three (+ x )tiles and four (−1) tiles to represent (3 x−4). Add six (−x )tiles.

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 [Recall that subtraction also means adding the negative of the quantity.]

Now, recall further that a pair of one (+ x ) and one (−x ) is zero. What tiles do you have left?
That’s right, if you have with you three (−x ) and four (−1), then you are correct. That means the sum is
(−3 x−4).

3. ( 2 x 2−5 x+2 ) + ( 3 x 2 +2 x )
What tiles would you put together? You should have two (+ x 2) , five (−x ) and two (+1) tiles then
add three (+ x 2) and two (+ x ) tiles. Matching the pairs that make zero, you have in the end five
2
(+ x ), three (−x ), and two (+1) tiles. The sum is 5 x 2 – 3 x +2.

Rules for adding and subtracting polynomials

Only similar terms can be added or subtracted. To combine similar terms, get the sum or difference of
the numerical coefficients and annex the same literal coefficients. If there is more than one term, for
convenience, write similar terms in the same column.

Terms that are exactly the same, of different only in their numerical
coefficients are described as similar terms; otherwise they are dissimilar
terms.
Example 3.6.2 Tell whether each pair of terms is similar or not;

a. 5 ,−3 similar
b. 2 x,2 y dissimilar
c. −2 ab , πab similar
2 3
d. 8 x ,6 x dissimilar
e. −7 x , 4 x similar
2
f. 4 ab ,−2 a b dissimilar
g. ( m+2 n ) ,−(2n+ m) similar

Example 3.6.3 Simplify by combining similar terms:

a. 9 x +2 y −5 x+3−8 y
b. 3 x 2−4 x −8−x 2 +4 x−11

Solution:
a. 9 x +2 y −5 x+3−8 y=( 9 x−5 x ) + ( 2 y−8 y ) +3
¿ 4 x−6 y +3
b. 3 x −4 x −8−x +4 x−11=( 3 x 2−x 2 ) + (−4 x+ 4 x )+ (−8−11 )
2 2

¿ 2 x2 −19

Example 3.6.4 Remove the grouping symbols and then combine similar terms
a. 4 + [ 2 x−( 4 y −3 x ) + 9 ]
b. 3 b−2 a−( 7 b+ 4 )+(2 a−7)
c. 3 m−[ 4 n− ( 6 m−n )− ( m−5 n−3 )−7 ]

Solution:
a. 4 + [ 2 x−( 4 y −3 x ) + 9 ] =4+ [ 2 x−4 y +3 x +9 ]
¿ 4 +2 x−4 y+3 x +9
¿ ( 2 x+3 x )−4 y + ( 4 +9 )
¿ 5 x−4 y+13
b. 3 b−2 a−( 7 b+ 4 )+ ( 2 a−7 )=3 b−2 a−7 b−4 +2 a−7
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 ¿ (−2 a+2 a ) + ( 3 b−7 b ) + (−4−7 )
¿−4 b−11
c. 3 m−[ 4 n− ( 6 m−n )− ( m−5 n−3 )−7 ] =3 m−( 4 n−6 m+n−m+ 5 n+3−7 )
¿ 3 m−( 10 n−7 m−4 )
¿ 3 m−10 n+7 m+4
¿ 10 m+ 10 n+ 4

Example 3.6.5 Solve the following problems.

1. Add: 2 x2 +6 x−1 , x 3+5 x 2−x , and 6−4 x 3 + x 4 .

Solution:
2
2 x +6 x−1
3 2
x + 5 x −x
4
x −4 x
3
+6

x 4 −3 x 3 +7 x 2+ 5 x +5
2. Subtract 3 x 3−2 x2 + 4 from −8 x 2+ 7 x−9, horizontally and vertically.
Solution:
Working horizontally:
−8 x 2+ 7 x−9− ( 3 x 3−2 x 2 +4 )=−8 x 2 +7 x−9−3 x 3+2 x 2−4
¿−3 x3 + (−8 x 2 +2 x2 ) +7 x +(−9−4)
¿−3 x3 −6 x2 +7 x−13
Working Vertically:
2
−8 x + 7 x−9
−( 3 x −2 x + 4 )
3 2

3 2
−3 x −6 x + 7 x −13

3. John used a piece of rope 55 cm long to form a triangle as shown in the figure.
a. Express the perimeter of the triangle in terms of x and y .
b. If y=3 , find x .

Solution:
a. 55=( 2 y + x ) + ( 6 x− y ) + ( 8 y )
¿ ( x+ 6 x )+ ( 2 y− y+ 8 y )
¿ 7 x+ 9 y
b. If y=3 , then 55=7 x +9 ( 3 )
55=7 x +27
7 x=55−27
7 x=28
x=4

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 MATHEMATICS 9 SCORE: _____
rd
3 Quarter Worksheet No.1 50

ADDING &SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ________________

ADVISER: _______________________________ ROOM NO: _______

ACTIVITY 1

A. Determine whether the following expressions are polynomials or not. If it is, classify it as
monomial , binomial ,or trinomial . Then the degree of the polynomial.

Expression Type of polynomial Degree of

polynomial

1) 7 b2 +5 b−1 _______________ _______________

2) √ x−3 _______________ _______________

x−7 1 _______________ _______________

3) +
6 2
_______________ _______________
4) x−1−7 x 3
_______________ _______________
5) 2 x3 y 2−5 x 7 y + x 4 y 3

B. Tell whether each pair of terms is similar or not.

1. 5 x , 5 y ___________________________
2. −cd , 3 cd ___________________________
3. h k 2, h2 k ___________________________
4. −(−mn+2 ) ,3 (−mn+2) ___________________________
n
b n
5. ,2 b ___________________________
2

ACTIVITY 2

Modified True or False: Write True if the statement is true. If false, change the underlined word(s) to
make the statement truthful. (2pts each)

______________ 1. In a polynomial, only terms that are dissimilar can be combined.

______________ 2. The expression 9 x−5 is not a polynomial.
______________ 3. The expression 3n is a polynomial.

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______________ 4. A binomial is an algebraic expression that is a sum of two or more terms.
______________ 5. The product of (2 x m)( 9 x 4 m) is 11 x 3 m .
______________ 6. 8 x 3 y and 5 y 3 x are similar terms.
______________ 7. (a+ 2b) and (−2 b+ a) are similar terms.
______________ 8. 1 is the only polynomial w/out a degree.
______________ 9. The degree of the expression 25 x6 y 4 is 10.
______________ 10. The degree of a nonzero constant is 0.

ACTIVITY 3

A. Simplify the following by combining similar terms. Show your solutions.

1. 3 x−[ 5 x 3−4 x2 −( 7 x+ 4 x 3−2 x )−9 x ]−( x3 −x2 ) [7pts]

2. −8 x n +3 x−( 20 x n+ 4 x ) [3pts]

B. Solve the problem

A sugar factory can produce ( 7 k 2−4 k +8 ) kg of sugar per day. After the
factory had sold 2 machines, it could only produce ( k 2+14 k +3 ) kg of sugar
per day. How much less sugar does the factory produce per day? Express the
answer in terms of k .

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 BONUS POINTS!!!

If 4 x+3 is an integer , write a simp lified expression¿ represent

the ∑ of the next three consecutive integers ¿ 4 x+ 3.

QUARTER 3-MODULE 2

Lesson 3.7 MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS

Rules in Multiplying Polynomials

A. To multiply a monomial by another monomial, simply multiply the numerical coefficients
then multiply the literal coefficients by applying the basic laws of exponent.

Example 3.7.1 Multiply

a. ( 5 x 2 ) ( 3 x ) c. (−6 x 3 y 2 )( 9 x y 4 )
b. (−2 x 2 y ) (−13 ) d. ( 8 x 4 y ) (−7 x m y n)

Solution:
a. ( 5 x 2 ) ( 3 x )=( 5 ∙ 3 ) ( x 2 ∙ x ) =15 x 3
b. (−2 x 2 y ) (−13 ) =(−2∙−13 ) ( x2 y )=26 x 2 y
c. (−6 x 3 y 2 )( 9 x y 4 ) =(−6 ∙ 9 ) ( x3 ∙ x ) ( y 2 ∙ y 4 )=−54 x 4 y 6
d. ( 8 x 4 y ) (−7 x m y n) =( 8 ∙−7 ) ( x 4 ∙ x m )( y ∙ y n )=−56 x 4 +m y 1+n

B. To multiply monomial by a polynomial, simply apply the distributive property and follow the rule in
multiplying monomial by a monomial.

Example 3.7.2 Multiply

a. 8 ( 3 x−4 y+ 2 z )
b. −2 x3 ( 6 x 3−7 x 2 +4 x−9 )
c. ( 6 x 2 +5 xy−8 y 2 ) 4 x 3 y 2

Solution:
a. 8 ( 3 x−4 y+ 2 z )=8 ( 3 x ) +8 (−4 y )+ 8 ( 2 z )
¿ 24 x−32 y +16 z
b. −2 x ( 6 x −7 x +4 x−9 )=−2 x 3 ( 6 x 3) −2 x3 (−7 x 2 )−2 x 3 ( 4 x )−2 x3 (−9)
3 3 2

6 5 4 3
¿−12 x +14 x −8 x + 18 x
c. ( 6 x 2 +5 xy−8 y 2 ) 4 x 3 y 2=6 x 2 ( 4 x 3 y 2 ) +5 xy ( 4 x 3 y 2) −8 y 2 ( 4 x 3 y 2)
5 2 4 3 3 4
¿ 24 x y +20 x y −32 x y

C. To multiply binomial by another binomial, simply distribute the first term of the first binomial to each
term of the other binomial then distribute the second term to each term of the other binomial and
simplify the results by combining similar terms.

Example 3.7.3 Multiply

a. ( x +3 ) ( x +7 ) b. ( 2 y−5 ) ( 3 y+ 2 )

Solution:

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 a. ( x +3 ) ( x +7 )=x ( x +7 ) +3 ( x +7 )
2
¿ x +7 x +3 x +21
¿ x 2+10 x +21
b. ( 2 y−5 ) ( 3 y+ 2 )=2 y ( 3 y +2 )−5 ( 3 y +2 )
2
¿ 6 y +4 y−15 y−10
2
¿ 6 y −11 y−10

D. To multiply a polynomial with more than one term by a polynomial with three or more terms, simply
distribute the first term of the first polynomial to each term of the other polynomial. Repeat the
procedure up to the last term and simplify the results by combining similar terms

Example 3.7.4 Multiply horizontally, and then vertically;

( 3 x 2−4 x+1 ) ( x 2−3 x−2 )
Solution:
Working Horizontally:
( 3 x 2−4 x+1 ) ( x 2−3 x−2 ) =3 x2 ( x 2−3 x−2 )−4 x ( x2 −3 x −2 ) +1 ( x2−3 x−2 )
¿ 3 x 4−9 x 3−6 x 2−4 x 3 +12 x 2 +8 x + x 2−3 x−2
¿ 3 x + (−9 x −4 x ) + ( 12 x −6 x + x ) + ( 8 x−3 x )−2
4 3 3 2 2 2

4 3 2
¿ 3 x −13 x +7 x +5 x−2
Working Vertically:
2
3 x −4 x +1
2
x −3 x−2
3 x 4−4 x 3 + x 2
3 2
−9 x +12 x −3 x
−6 x 2+ 8 x−2
4 3 2
3 x −13 x +7 x +5 x−2

Example 3.7.5 Solve the problem

Find the area of a rectangle whose length is (x +5)cm and whose width is (2 x−7)cm.
Solution:
Let A be the area of rectangle. Then A=(length)(width)
A=( x+5 )( 2 x−7 ) A=x2 −7 x+10 x−35
2
A=x +3 x−35
Hence, the area of the rectangle is ( x 2 +3 x−35 ) cm 2.

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 Lesson 3.9 DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS

Rules in Dividing Polynomials

A. Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial
To divide a polynomial by a monomial, divide each term of the numerator by the denominator; then
write the sum of the results. We are using the property of fraction that
a+b a b
= +
c c c

Step 1: Divide each term of the polynomial by the monomial

x a a−b
Step 2: When dividing variables, use the property =x .
xb

Example 3.9.1 Divide the following.

a. −57 y 2 z 3 ÷ 3 y 5 z 3 d. ( 6 x−18 y +27 z ) ÷ 6 xyz
b. ( x−2)4 ÷(x−2)5 e. ( 99 w3 x 4 −81 x2 +63 w ) ÷ 9 wx
c. 51 mx+1 ÷ ( −3 m2− x )
Solution:
−57 y 2 z 3 −57 y 2 z3 −19
a. = ∙ ∙ = 3
5 3
3y z 3 y 5 z3 y
4
( x−2) 1
b. =
( x−2) 5
x−2
x+1
51m 51 x+1− ( 2−x ) x+ 1−2 +x 2 x−1
c. = ∙m =−17 m =−17 m
−3 m
2− x
−3
6 x−18 y+ 27 z 6 x 18 y 27 z 1 3 9
d. = − + = − +
6 xyz 6 xyz 6 xyz 6 xyz y z xz 2 xy
99 w x −81 x +63 w 99 w 3 x 4 81 x2 63 w
3 4 2
2 3 9x 7
e. = − + =11 w x − +
9 wx 9 wx 9 wx 9 wx w x

Note that the quotient of two polynomials is not always a polynomial.

B. Dividing a Polynomial by a 2-or 3-termed polynomial

Division of a polynomial by a 2-or 3-termed polynomial is done in the same manner that long division
in arithmetic is performed.

Example 3.9.2 Divide 9 x 4 −2−6 x−x 2 by 3 x−1.

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 Step 1: Rewrite the problem in long division form. Place the terms in descending order. Insert 0
coefficients for any missing term.

3 x−1 9 x 4 +0 x 3−x 2−6 x−2

Step 2: Divide the first term of the dividend by the first term of the divisor. The result is the first term
of the quotient.
3 x3
4 3 2
3 x−1 9 x +0 x −x −6 x−2
Step 3: Multiply the first term of the quotient by the divisor. Write the terms of the product under
their similar terms.

3
3x
3 x−1 9 x 4 +0 x 3−x 2−6 x−2
4 3
9 x −3 x

Step 4: Subtract the product from the dividend. The difference is the new dividend.

3
3x
3 x−1 9 x 4 +0 x 3−x 2−6 x−2
−( 9 x −3 x )
4 3

3 2
3 x −x −6 x−2
Step 5: Repeat steps 2 and 4 using the new dividend and the same divisor. Do this until degree of the
remainder is less than that of the divisor, or the remainder is 0.

3 x +x
3 2 −2
3 x−1 4 3
9 x +0 x −x −6 x−2
2

−( 9 x 4 −3 x3 )
3 2
3 x −x −6 x−2
−( 3 x −x )
3 2

−6 x−2
−( 6 x +2 )
−4

9 x 4−2−6 x−x 2 4
Therefore, =3 x 3 + x 2−2− .
3 x−1 3 x−1

Example 3.9.3 Divide 3 k 3 +5 by −2+k .

Solution:
2
3 k +6 k+ 12
k −2 3 k +0 k 2+ 0 k +5
3

−( 3 k 3−6 k 2 )
2
6 k + 0 k +5
−( 6 k 2−12 k )
12 k +5
−( 12 k−24 )
29
3 k 3 +5 29
Therefore, =3 k 2 +6 k + 12+ .
−2+k −2+ k

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 2 2
Example 3.9.4 If I spent (12 x +25 xy +12 y ) pesos for (3 x+ 4 y ) pencils, how much does each pencil cost?

Solution:

4 x+3 y
3 x+ 4 y 2
12 x +25 xy +12 y
2

− 12 x 2+16 xy )
(
2
9 xy +12 y
−( 9 xy +12 y )
2

0
Therefore, each pencil costs ( 4 x+3 y ) pesos.

MATHEMATICS 9
3rd Quarter Worksheet No.2 SCORE: _____
50
MULTIPLYING & DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ________________

ADVISER: _______________________________ ROOM NO: _______

ACTIVITY 1

Perform the indicated operation. Choose your answers inside the box. Write only the letter. (2pts each)

A. −10 x 3+ 20 xy B. 6 x +7 y C. 10 x 3−6 x D. 10 x−20 y

E. 3 x F. 6 x +8
3 3 2 2 2 3
G. −4 x +7 x H. 6 x y −4 x y I. 4 x −3 x

J. 3 x−1 K. 4 x3 −3 x+1 L. −6 y 2 +18 y

1. 2(3 x +4) 2
15 x −5 x
6.
2. 5(2 x−4 y) 5x

3. −6 y ( y−3 ) 54 x 2 y +63 x y 2
7.
9 xy
4. 5 x (−2 x 2 +4 y)
−12 x 5 +21 x 3
5. 2 x2 y (3 xy−2 y ) 8. 2
3x
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 5 3 2 4 2
12 x −9 x +3 x 40 x −24 x
9. 2
10.
3x 4x

ACTIVITY 2

A. Perform the indicated operation. SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS.

1. ( 3 y−1 ) ( 5 y+ 2 )−( 9 y−2 ) ( y +7 ) [6pts]

2. ( 7 y 2−3 y +2 ) ( 3 y 2 +4 y+ 5 ) [6pts]

3. Divide the first expression by the second using long division method. [8pts]

3
64 m −125 ; 4 m−5

ACTIVITY 3

Solve the following problems. Show your solutions. (5pts each)

1. Solve for the area of a square whose side is 4 x−7 units.

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2. What polynomial should be divided by x +4 to get a quotient of x +2 and a remainder of 2?

BONUS POINTS!!!

8−x
Simplify the expression ( R 2+3 x− x )
2

QUARTER 3-MODULE 3

Lesson 4.0 SPECIAL PRODUCTS

In this lesson, you are expected to find inductively using models the:
a. Product of two binomials
b. Square of a binomial and a multinomial
c. Product of a sum and difference of two terms
d. Cube of a binomial
e. Product of a binomial and a trinomial

Multiplying Two Binomials

A shortcut called the FOIL method can also be used in multiplying two binomials. FOIL is an
acronym that stands for the sum of the products of the First terms, Outer terms, Inner terms, and Last
terms.

F L
( A+ B ) ( C+ D )
I
O
Example 4.0.1 Use the FOIL method to find each product.

a. ( x−9 )( 4 x−7 )
b. ( 2 x+3 y ) ( 6 x−7 y )
c. (−m2 q+5 )( 2 m2 q+7 )
d. (−2 a3 b+5 c2 ) (−a 3 b−2 c 2 )

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 Solution:

a. ( x−9 )( 4 x−7 )

F L 2
F : ( x ) ( 4 x )=4 x
( x−9 )( 4 x−7 ) O : ( x ) (−7 ) =−7 x
I : (−9 )( 4 x )=−36 x
I
L : (−9 ) (−7 )=63
O

Thus, ( x−9 )( 4 x−7 ) =4 x 2−7 x−36 x +63=4 x 2−43 x+63 .

b. ( 2 x+3 y ) ( 6 x−7 y )

F
F : ( 2 x )( 6 x )=12 x 2
( 2 x+3 y ) ( 6 x−7 y ) O : ( 2 x ) (−7 y )=−14 xy
I : ( 3 y ) ( 6 x )=18 xy
I L : ( 3 y ) (−7 y )=−21 y 2
O
2 2 2 2
Thus, ( 2 x+3 y ) ( 6 x−7 y )=12 x −14 xy +18 xy−21 y =12 x + 4 xy −21 y

Do not forget to combine similar terms whenever possible.

c. (−m2 q+5 )( 2 m2 q+7 )

F+ O+ I + L

(−m2 q+5 )( 2 m2 q+7 ) =−m4 q 2−7 m2 q +10 m2 q+ 35

¿−m4 q 2+3 m2 q+35

d. (−2 a3 b+5 c2 ) (−a 3 b−2 c 2 )

F+ O+ I + L
(−2 a b+5 c ) (−a b−2 c )=2 a b + 4 a3 b c 2−5 a 3 b c2−10 c 4
3 2 3 2 6 2

6 2 3 2 4
¿ 2 a b −a b c −10 c

Example 4.0.2 Simplify ( 3 x+ 5 )( x−2 )+ ( 5 x−8 )( 2 x−3 ) .

Solution:
Using FOILD method:
( 3 x+ 5 )( x−2 )+ ( 5 x−8 )( 2 x−3 )
¿ ( 3 x −6 x +5 x −10 ) + ( 10 x −15 x−16 x+24 )
2 2

2 2
¿ 3 x −x−10+10 x −31 x +24
¿ ( 3 x +10 x ) + (−x−31 x )+ (−10+24 )
2 2

2
¿ 13 x −32 x +14

Squaring a Binomial
If a number or an expression is multiplied by itself, that number or expression is said to be squared.
Squaring the binomial ( A+ B ) means multiplying ( A+ B ) by itself.
2
Hence, ( A+ B ) =( A+ B ) ( A+ B ).

Using the FOILD method:

( A+ B ) ( A + B )= A2 + AB + AB+ B2
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 2 2
¿ A +2 AB+ B
2 2 2
Therefore, ( A+ B ) = A +2 AB+ B .

Observe that the product is equal to the sum of the following terms:
1st term: Square of the first term of the binomial
2nd term: Twice the product of the terms of the binomial
3rd term: Square of the Second term of the binomial

Square of a Binomial
( A+ B )2= A 2+2 AB+ B 2

Example 4.0.3 Give the products.

2
a. ( 2 x+3 )

( )
2
3
b. 2 y−
5

( )
2 3 2
a b
c. −c
2
Solution:
2 2 2
a. ( 2 x+3 ) =( 2 x ) +2 ( 2 x ) (3 )+ 3
¿ 4 x2 +12 x+ 9

( 3 2
) ( )( )
2
2 −3 −3
b. 2 y− = ( 2 y ) +2 ( 2 y ) +
5 5 5
12 y 9
¿ 4 y 2− +
5 25

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
a b ab a b 2
c. −c = +2 (−c ) + (−c )
2 2 2
4 6
a b 2 3 2
¿ −a b c+ c
4

2 2
Example 4.0.4 Simplify ( 5 a3 −8 ) −( 4 a3−3 )

Solution:
( 5 a3 −8 ) −( 4 a3−3 ) =( 5 a3 ) +2 ( 5 a3 ) (−8 )+(−8 )2−[ ( 4 a 3 ) + 2 ( 4 a 3) (−3 )+ (−3 )2 ]
2 2 2 2

¿ 25 a −80 a +64−( 16 a −24 a +9 )

6 3 6 3

¿ 25 a6 −80 a3 +64−16 a 6+ 24 a3 −9
6 3
¿ 9 a −56 a +55
2
Example 4.0.5 Find the square of ( 45 )

Solution:
( 36 )2= ( 30+ 6 )2
2 2
¿ 30 +2 ( 30 )( 6 ) +6
¿ 900+360+36
¿ 1296

Example 4.0.6 Find the area of the shaded region

x−1

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x−1 76 | P a g e
 2 x+5

2 x+5
Solution:
The bid square with side 2 x+5 minus the small square with side x−1 equals the area of the shaded
region.
( 2 x+5 )2−( x−1 )2=( 4 x 2+20 x +25 ) −( x 2−2 x+1 )
2 2
¿ 4 x +20 x +25−x +2 x−1
2
¿ 3 x +22 x+ 24

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is 3 x 2+22 x +24 square units.

Squaring a Multinomial
The example below illustrates how to square a multinomial using the long method. Observe the terms
of the products. Observe the terms of the product,

By using the distributive property of multiplication,

2
( A+ B+C) =( A +B+ C ) ( A + B+C )
¿ A ( A + B+C )+ B ( A + B+C )+C ( A +B +C )
2 2 2
¿ A + AB+ AC + BA + B + BC +CA+CB+C
Rearranging the terms and combining similar terms gives
2 2 2
¿ A + B +C +2 AB+2 AC +2 BC

Square of a Multinomial
The square of a multinomial is equal to the sum of the squares of each
term, plus twice the product of all possible combinations of all terms
taken two at a time.

Example 4.0.7 Expand

a. ( x−2 y +3 z )2
2
b. ( t 2+ u2−3 b3 )
2
c. ( m−n+ 4 p−3 q )

Solution:

2 2 2 2
a. ( x−2 y +3 z ) =x + (−2 y ) + ( 3 z ) +2 ( x )(−2 y ) +2 ( x ) ( 3 z ) +2 (−2 y )( 3 z )
2 2 2
¿ x + 4 y +9 z −4 xy+ 6 xz−12 yz
2 2 2 2
b. ( t 2+ u2−3 b3 ) =( t 2) + ( u 2 ) + (−3 b3 ) +2 ( t 2) ( u2 ) +2 ( t 2 )( −3 b3 ) +2 ( u2 ) (−3 b3 )
4 4 6 2 2 2 3 2 3
¿ t +u + 9 b +2 t u −6 t b −6 u b

c.
( m−n+ 4 p−3 q )2=m2 + (−n )2+ ( 4 p )2 + (−3 q )2 +2 ( m )(−n ) +2 ( m) ( 4 p )+2 ( m ) (−3 q ) +2 (−n ) ( 4 p ) +2 (−n )(−3 q )+ 2 ( 4 p )(−

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 2 2 2 2
¿ m + n +16 p + 9 q −2mn +8 mp−6 mq−8 np+ 6 nq−24 pq

Multiplying the Sum and Difference of the Same Terms

The expressions ( A+ B) and ( A−B ) are binomials with the same terms, one is a sum and the other is a
difference. The product of these binomials is obtained using FOIL method:

F+ O+ I + L
( A+ B ) ( A−B )= A − AB+ AB+ B2
2

¿ A2 −B 2

Product of the Sum and Difference of the Same Terms

Example 4.0.8 Multiply the following

a. ( 3 x 2 y +7 z 2 ) ( 3 x2 y−7 z 2 )
b. ( m3−7 n2 )( m3 +7 n 2)
c. 3 x 2 y ( 4 x +3 y ) ( 4 x−3 y )
Solution:
2 2
a. ( 3 x 2 y +7 z 2 ) ( 3 x2 y−7 z 2 )=( 3 x 2 y ) −( 7 z 2 )
¿ 9 x 4 y 2−49 z 4
2 2
b. ( m3−7 n2 )( m3 +7 n 2) =( m 3 ) −( 7 n2 )
¿ m6−49 n4
c. 3 x y ( 4 x +3 y ) ( 4 x−3 y )=3 x y [ ( 4 x ) −( 3 y ) ]
2 2 2 2

¿ 3 x y ( 16 x −9 y )
2 2 2

4 2 3
¿ 48 x y−27 x y

Example 4.0.9 Find the area of a rectangle whose length is ( 2 m−5 n ) cm and whose width is ( 5 n+2 m ) cm.

Solution:
Let A be the area of the rectangle. Then A=( 2m−5 n )( 5 n+2 m )
¿−( 5 n−2 m )( 5 n+ 2m )
¿−[ ( 5 n ) −( 2 m ) ]
2 2

¿−( 25 n −4 m )
2 2

2 2
¿−25 n + 4 m
Therefore, the area of the rectangle is ( 4 m2−25 n2 ) cm2.

Getting the Cube of a Binomial

To cube a number or an expression means to multiply that number or expression by itself 3 times. To find
3 2
a rule for writing readily the cube of any binomial, express ( A+ B ) =( A+ B )( A+ B ) .

( A+ B )3=( A+ B )( A+ B )2
¿ ( A+ B ) ( A +2 AB + B )
2 2

¿ A ( A +2 AB+ B ) + B ( A +2 AB+ B )
2 2 2 2

3 2 2 2 2 3
¿ A +2 A B+ AB +B A +2 A B + B
3 2 2 3
¿ A +3 A B+3 AB +B

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 The product indicates that the cube of a binomial is equal to the sum of four terms, namely:
st
1 term: cube of the first term of the binomial
2nd term: Thrice the product of the square of the first term, and the second term
3rd term: Thrice the product of the first term, and the square of the second term
4th term: cube of the second term

Cube of a Binomial

Example 4.0.10 Expand or simplify the following cubes.

3
a. ( x 3 +5 y 2 )
3
b. ( 5−3 a3 b2 )
Solution:
3 3 2 2 3
a. ( x 3 +5 y 2 ) =( x 3 ) +3 ( x 3 ) ( 5 y 2 ) +3 ( x 3 )( 5 y 2 ) + ( 5 y 2 )
¿ x 9 +3 x 6 ( 5 y 2 ) +3 ( x 3 )( 25 y 4 ) +125 y 6
9 6 2 3 4 6
¿ x +15 x y +75 x y +25 y
3 2 3
b. ( 5−3 a3 b2 ) = (5 )3−3 ( 5 )2 ( 3 a3 b 2 ) +3 ( 5 ) ( 3 a3 b 2 ) −( 3 a 3 b 2)
¿ 125−3 ( 25 ) ( 3 a 3 b 2) + 3 ( 5 ) ( 9 a6 b4 ) −27 a 9 b 6
3 2 6 4 9 6
¿ 125−225 a b + 135 a b −27 a b
Example 4.0.11 Find the volume of a cube whose edge is ( 7 xy +9 z ) dm.

Solution:

Let V be the volume of the cube.

3
Then V = (7 xy + 9 z )
3 2 2 3
¿ ( 7 xy ) + 3 (7 xy ) ( 9 z )+ 3 ( 7 xy ) ( 9 z ) + ( 9 z )
¿ 343 x y +3 ( 49 x y ) ( 9 z )+ 3 (7 xy ) (81 z ¿¿ 2)+729 z ¿
3 3 2 2 3

3 3 2 2 2 3
¿ 343 x y +1323 x y z +1701 xy z +729 z

Therefore, the volume of the cube is ( 343 x 3 y 3 +1323 x 2 y 2 z +1701 xy z 2 +729 z 3) dm 3

.
The product of the form ( A ± B ) ( A2 ∓ AB + B2 )

The product of these two cases is shown below using distributive property.

( A+ B ) ( A 2− AB+ B2 )= A ( A 2−AB+ B2 ) + B ( A 2− AB+ B2 )

¿ A3− A 2 B+ A B2+ B A2 −A B2 + B3
¿ A + (− A B+ B A )+ ( A B −A B ) + B
3 2 2 2 2 3

3 3
¿ A +B

( A−B ) ( A 2+ AB + B2 )= A ( A 2+ AB+ B2 )−B ( A 2 + AB+ B2 )

¿ A3 + A2 B+ A B2 −B A2 −A B2 −B3
¿ A + ( A B−B A ) + ( A B − A B )−B
3 2 2 2 2 3

3 3
¿ A −B

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 The product of the form

Example 4.0.12 Give the product.

a. ( 2 x−3 ) ( 4 x 2 +6 x +9 )
b. ( 2 g+h2 ) ( 4 g 2−2 gh+ h4 )
c. ( 12 −3 h)( 14 + 32 h+ 9 h )
2

Solution:
a. ( 2 x−3 ) ( 4 x 2 +6 x +9 )
Note: A →2 x (First term)
B→ 3 (Second term)

( 2 x )2 =4 x 2 (Square of the First Term)

( 2 x ) ( 3 )=6 x (Product of First and second terms)
32=9 (Square of Second Term)

The product of ( 2 x−3 ) ( 4 x 2 +6 x +9 ) follows the form ( A−B ) ( A 2+ AB+ B2 ).

Hence, ( 2 x−3 ) ( 4 x 2 +6 x +9 ) =( 2 x ) −3 3=8 x 3−27.
3

b. ( 2 g+h2 ) ( 4 g 2−2 gh+ h4 ) =( 2 g )3+ h3=8 g3 +h 3

c. ( 1
2
−3 h)(
1 3 2
+ h+ 9 h =
4 2 2 )()
1 3 ( )3 1
− 3 h = −27 h
8
3

Example 4.0.13 Find the formula for the total surface area of the box with the given dimensions.

Solution:

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Step 1 : Find the lateral area LA
LA =¿ area of the side faces +¿ area of the front and back faces

Side faces: 2 ( 3 x −2 ) ( 9 x 2−6 x + 4 ) =54 x 3−72 x 2 + 48 x−16

Front and back faces: 2 ( 3 x −2 ) ( 9 x 2 +6 x +4 )=2 ( 27 x 3−8 )=54 x 3−16

Hence, LA=( 54 x 3−72 x 2+ 48 x−16 ) + ( 54 x 3−16 )=108 x 3−72 x 2+ 48 x−32

Step 2 :Find the area of the bases

Area of the two bases 2 B : 2 ( 9 x 2+6 x + 4 ) ( 9 x 2−6 x +4 )

¿ 2 ( 9 x + 4+6 x ) ( 9 x + 4−6 x )
2 2

¿ 2 [ ( 9 x + 4 ) −( 6 x ) ]
2 2 2

¿ 2 ( 81 x + 72 x +16−36 x 2 )
4 2

¿ 2 ( 81 x + 36 x +16 )
4 2

4 2
¿ 162 x + 72 x +32

Step 3 : Use the formula for rectangular prism SA

SA=LA+2 B
¿ ( 108 x −72 x +48 x−32 ) + ( 162 x +72 x +32 )
3 2 4 2

4 3
¿ 162 x + 108 x +48 x

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 MATHEMATICS 9
3rd Quarter Worksheet No.3 SCORE: _____
100
SPECIAL PRODUCTS

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ________________

ADVISER: _______________________________ ROOM NO: _______

ACTIVITY 1

Determine if each statement is true or false. Write LOVE if the statement is true and MATH if the
statement is false. (1 point each).
2 2
_________1. ( y +6 ) = y +12 y +36
_________2. ( x +4 ) ( x 2−4 x +16 ) =x3 −64
3 3 2
_________3. ( y−2 ) = y −6 y +12 y−6
_________4. ( 3 x+ 1 )( 9 x +3 x+1 ) =27 x3 +1
2 2 2 2
_________5. ( r + s+t ) =r + s +t
2
_________6. ( m+2 ) ( m−2 )=m +4
3 3 3
_________7. ( m+n ) =m +n
2
_________8. ( 2 a+3 b )( 2 a+3 b )=( 2 a+3 b )
_________9. ( 2 m+1 )( 2 m−1 )=4 m 2−1
2
_________10.( a 2− y 2 ) =a4− y 4

ACTIVITY 2

Complete the crossword polynomial by finding the indicated products below.

ACROSS DOWN 1 2 3
2
1. ( a+ 3 ) 1. (a+ 9)(a−9)
2 2 4
4. ( b+ 4 a ) 2. ( 3+ a+b )
5. 2 a(−8 a+3 a) 3. (3 b−4 a)2 5
6. ( b+ 2 )( b+ 4 ) 5. (−4 a+b )( 4 a+ b ) 6 7
9. 2 a(b−3+2 a) 7. (2−a)(4−a)
2 2 2 2 9 10
11. (9 a + b )( 9 a −b ) 8. (a+ 2)3 8
12. (a−6 b)( a+6 b) 10. (2 a+6 b)( 2a−6 b) 11 12
2
13. (2+5 a)(4−10 a+25 a )
2
14. (3 a−1)(9 a +3 a+1) 14
13

ACTIVITY 3
IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is asked in each problem.
Using FOIL method, in the product of 2
In the expansion of ( 5 x+ 2m−3 )
(−4 y−2 z)(− y−z) 5. the first term is _______.
1. the first term is equal to _______. 6. the second term is _______.
2. the middle term is equal to _______. 7. the third term is _______.
3. the last term is equal to _______. 8. the fourth term is _______.
4. the additive inverse of last term is _______. 9. the fifth term is _______.
10. the sixth term is _______.

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 In the product of ( 5 x k+1 +3 x k−3 )( 5 x k +1−3 x k−3)
2
In the product of ( 4 x−7 y )
11. the first term is equal to _______. 14. the numerical coefficient of the 1st term is _____.
12. the numerical coefficient of the second term is 15. the numerical coefficient of the 2nd term is _____.
______. 16. the degree of the 1st term when k =3 is _____.
13. the last term is equal to ______.

In the product ( m+n ) ( m 2−mn + n2 )

3
In the expansion of ( p+4 )
17. the numerical coefficient of the 2nd term is 20. the 1st term is ______.
______. 21. the 2nd term is _______.
18. the degree of the 2nd term is _____. 22. the product of the 1st and 2nd term is _______.
19. the constant term is ______.

A. Solve the following. Show all necessary solutions.

2 3
1. ( 6 m n2 +2 p 3 ) (4 points) 2. ( 4 x 3 y 2−3 ) (6 points)

ACTIVITY 4

3. (3e-5 f )(3e+5 f )(9 e 2+ 25 f 2 ) (5 points) 4. (9 a 4−21a 2 b+ 49 b2 )(3 a2 +7 b) (4 points)

2
5. ( 3 a+6 b−5 c ) (6 points) 6. [ ( x 2 + y 2 )−2 a ][ ( x 2 + y 2 ) +2 a ] (5 points)

ACTIVITY 5

Find the formula for the total surface area of the box with the given dimensions. Show your solution at the
back. (10 points)

BONUS POINTS!!!
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 If x + y=4 and x 2+ 3 xy +2 y 2=6 0 , what is the value of 2 x+ 4 y ?

FOURTH QUARTER

CHAPTER
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

A rectangular poster with

length ( 2 x+1 ) m and width ( x +3 ) m
such that x is an integer is to be erected in
conjunction with new built shopping mall. It is given
that its perimeter is between 35 m and 40 m . Can
you determine the dimensions of the poster?
This problem as well as many other
everyday problems can be solved by using
inequalities.

What you will learn

Differentiate between Mathematical expressions and mathematical equations.
Find the solution of an equation involving one variable
From a given replacement set
By applying the Addition property of equality
By applying the Multiplication property of equality
Involving more than one operation.
Involving fractions
Involving proportion
Solve literal equations
Translate verbal English Sentences to mathematical sentences, and vice versa.
Solve real-life problems that use linear equations in one variable.

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QUARTER 4-MODULE 1

Lesson 4.1: LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

Activity 12

Harry, Arnold, and Michelle are talking about their daily pocket money. Each of them uses an algebraic
expression to represent the amount.

I have ₱.
I have ₱.

I have ₱.

Michelle Arnold Harry

Suppose the amounts of their daily pocket money are shown below.
Name Harry Arnold Michelle
Daily pocket money ( ₱ ) 170 140 200
1. Now, try to obtain the three equations of their daily pocket money.
2. What are the values of x , y , and z ? Did you get 150 , 72, and 40 respectively?
3. How did you get the values of x , y , and z ?

A mathematical expression is group of numbers and symbols that represents an idea. If two
mathematical expressions imply equivalence or equality, a mathematical equation can be formed.

A Mathematical equation, or simply an equation is a statement that two algebraic

expressions are equal. The equal sign ( ¿ ) is used to express the relation between the two expressions
and asserts that the two expressions name the same numerical value, or are equivalent.

A linear equation in one variable is an equation of the first degree. It can be written in the
form ax +b=c , where a , b , and c are real numbers, a ≠ 0.
Examples of linear equations in one variable are:

x=7 w−3=10
3 z+ 4=12−z 5 ( y−2 ) =5 y −10

Finding Solution of a linear Equation from a Replacement Set.

Solving an equation means finding all solutions to the equation. A solution of an equation is a number
that makes the equation a true statement. To check if a number is a solution, substitute this number to the
variable in the original equation, then perform the operations. If the substitution results in a true statement,
the number is a solution; otherwise, the solution (or the checking) is incorrect.

Example 4.1.1 Check whether the given value is a solution of the given linear equation. If so,
Illustrate the solution.
a. x +7=16 ; x=9 b. 3 y−7=13 ; y=2
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 Solution:
a. If x +7=16∧x=9, then by substitution
9+7=16
16=16. True
Hence, x=9 , is a solution of x +7=16.

b. If 3 y−7=13∧ y=−2, then by substitution

3 (−2 )−7=13
−6−7=13
−13=13. True
Hence, y=−2, is not a solution of 3 y−7=13 .

A Replacement set is a set of values that may replace the variable in an equation.
A Solution set is the set of all replacements that make an equation true.
Two or more equations with same solution set are said to be equivalent equations.

Example 4.1.2 From the given replacement set, determine the solution set of the given equation

a. 2 x+5=21 { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ,10 }

b. 3 x−1=7 { 43 , 53 ,2 , 73 , 83 }
Solution:
a. If 2 x+5=21, then b. If 3 x−1=7 , then
2 ( 6 ) +5=21
12+5=21
3 ( 34 )−1=7
17=21, False 4−1=7
3=7, False

2 ( 7 ) +5=21
14+ 5=21
3 ( 53 )−1=7
19=21, False 5−1=7
4=7 , False
2 ( 8 ) +5=21 3 ( 2 )−1=7
16+5=21 6−1=7
21=21 , True 5=7, False
2 ( 9 ) +5=21
18+5=21
23=21, False
3 ( 73 )−1=7
7−1=7
6=7, False
2 ( 10 ) +5=21
20+5=21
25=21, False
3 ( 83 )−1=7
8−1=7
7=7, True
Solution set: { 8 }

Solution set: {83 }

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Lesson 4.2: ADDITION PROPERTY OF EQUALITY

When same real number is added to or subtracted from both sides of an equation, an
equivalent equation is produced. This principle is used when solving equations of the form x +a=b or
x−a=b where a and b are real numbers.

Addition Property of Equality

If , and are real numbers, and if , then

&.

Remember :If equal quantities are added to equal quantities, then sums are
also equal quantities.

Note: a+(−c )=b+(−c)is equivalent to

a−c=b−c.

Example 4.1.3 Solve the following equations.

a. x−4=7
b. 6−x=2− ( 9+2 x )
c. ( 10− x ) −7=− ( 2 x +4 )−9

Solution:

a. x−4=7 Given
( x−4 ) + 4=7+4 Addition property of Equality
x +(−4+ 4)=11 Associative Property
x +0=11 Inverse Property
x=11 Identity Property

¿ ǐ f 11 is the solution , substitute 11 for x∈the original equation .

b. 6+ x =2−( 9+2 x )
6−x=2−9−2 x
6−x=−7−2 x
( 6−x )+ (−6 ) +2 x=(−7−2 x ) + (−6 )+ 2 x
x=−13

c. ( 10− x ) −7=− ( 2 x +4 )−9

10−x−7=−2 x−4−9
3−x=−2 x−13
( 3−x ) + (−3 )+ 2 x=(−2 x−13 ) + (−3 )+ 2 x
x=−16

Example 4.1.4 Complete the statement.

If x−12=15 , then x +7=¿ .

Solution:
x−12+19=15+19
x +7=34

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 Lesson 4.2: MULTIPLICATION PROPERTY OF EQUALITY

An equivalent equation is produced when both sides of an equation is multiplied or divided by the same
x
nonzero real number. The principle is used when solving equations of the form ax=b, or =b, where a and b
a
are real numbers, and a ≠ 0.

Multiplication Property of Equality

Let , and be real numbers, where .

If , then and .

1 1 a b
Note:a ∙ =b∙ is equivalent to = .
c c c c

Example 4.1.5 Solve the following equations.

a. 5 x=−35
m −2
b. =
3 9
−4
c. y=−20
5
−18 −90
d. =
11 3x

Solution:
a. 5 x=−35
1 1
5 x ∙ =−35∙
5 5
x=−7

m −2
b. =
3 9
m −2
∙3= ∙3
3 9
−2
m=
3

−4
c. y=−20
5
−4 5 4
y ∙− =−20 ∙−
5 4 5
y=16

−18 −90
d. =
11 3x
−18 −90
∙3x= ∙3x
11 3x
−54
x =−90
11
−54 11 11
x∙ =−90 ∙
11 −54 −54
11
x=5 ∙
3
55 1
x= or 18
3 3

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 Example 4.1.6 Complete the statement.
3 x=15, then 12 x=¿ ¿

Solution:
3 x ∙ 4=15 ∙ 4
12 x=60

Lesson 4.3: SOLVING EQUATIONS INVOLVING MORE THAN ONE OPERATIONS

In solving equations of the from ax +b=c , more than one operation is involved. First, isolate the term
with a variable ( ax ) on one side of the equation by applying the Addition Property of Equality. Then solve for
that variable using the Multiplication Property of Equality. The following illustrate this.

Example 4.1.7 Solve the following equations.

a. 7 x +23=72
b. 18+3 x=−2 x+ 3
c. 5 ( x+ 2 )−4 ( x −3 )=22

Solution:
a. 7 x +23=72
7 x +23+ (−23 ) =72+ (−23 )
7 x=49
1 1
7 x ∙ =49 ∙
7 7
x=7

b. 18+3 x=−2 x+ 3
18+3 x + (−18 ) +2 x=−2 x +3+ (−18 )+ 2 x
5 x=−15
x=−3

c. 5 ( x+ 2 )−4 ( x −3 )=22
5 x+ 10−4 x+12=22
x +22=22
x +22+ (−22 )=22+ (−22 )
x=0

Example 4.1.8 Complete the statement.

If 3 x+ 9=12 , then 2 x+ 4=¿ .
Solution:
3 x+ 9+ (−x ) + (−5 )=12+ (−x ) + (−5 )
2 x+ 4=−x +7

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 EVALUATION

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________ SCORE:

____________
SECTION: ________________________ DATE: _____________________________________

A. From the given replacement set, determine the solution of the given equation.

{
2 ( x+ 4 )−5 x=−3 ; 11 ,
11 11 11 11
, , ,
2 3 4 5 }

B. Solve each equation. Then check the solution

1. 4 x−3=3 ( x−2 )+2 ( x−3 )

2. 2 ( 7 x+5 )=3 ( 2 x +7 ) + 4 ( 2 x−1 )

3. 4 [ x−2 ( 3 x−8 ) ] + 6=2 ( x +1 )−5 x

LEARNING MODULE IN MATH 7 90 | P a g e

 2 2
4. x −( x +1 ) =−21

C. Complete the following statements.

1. Using Addition property of equality, If 8= y +3 , then ¿¿ = y−17.

2. Using Multiplication property of equality, If −2 x+3=7 , then 4 x−6=¿ ¿
3. If 3 x+ 6=12, then 2 x+ 4=¿ ¿

BONUS POINTS!!!

Spot the error

x=1
x 2=12
2 2
x −x=1 −x
x ( x−1 )=−1 ( x −1 )
x=−1

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