Songhua River

Coordinates: 47.699°N 132.5176°E

The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal,

Russian: Сунгари Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of
Songhua River
China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about
1,897  km (1,179  mi)[1] from the Changbai Mountains on the
China–North Korea border through China's northeastern Jilin
and Heilongjiang provinces.

The river drains 557,180 km2 (215,130 sq mi) of land, and has

an annual discharge of 76.2 km3 /a (2,410 m3 /s) to 81.77 km3 /a
(2,591 m3 /s).[4][1][2]

The extreme flatness of the Northeast China Plain has caused

the river to meander over time, filling the wide plain with
oxbow lakes, as remnants of the previous paths of the river.

Geography
The Songhua rises south of Heaven Lake, near the China-
North Korea border. Songhua River, just west of Harbin.
Oxbow lakes are common sights along
From there it flows north, to be interrupted by the Baishan,
the sides of the river.
Hongshi and Fengman hydroelectric dams. The Fengman Dam
forms a lake that stretches for 62 kilometers (39 mi). Below the Native name ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu)
dam, the Second Songhua flows north through Jilin, then sunggari ula (Manchu)
northwest until it is joined by its largest tributary, the Nen
River, near Da'an, to create the Songhua proper. Location
Country People's Republic of
The Songhua turns east through Harbin, and after the city, it is China
joined from the south by the Ashi River, and then by the Hulan Provinces Jilin, Heilongjiang
River from the north. Physical characteristics
A new dam was constructed in 2007 near Bayan (50  km Mouth Amur
northeast of Harbin), creating the Dadingshan Reservoir,[5]  • location Tongjiang, Heilongjiang
which is named after the scenic area on the south bank
(Chinese: 大頂山 ; pinyin: dàdǐngshān; lit. 'Big Topped
 • coordinates 47.699°N 132.5176°E
Length 1,897 km (1,179 mi)[1]
Mountain').
Basin size 557,180 km2
The river flows onward through Jiamusi and south of the (215,130 sq mi)[2]
Lesser Xing'an Range, to eventually join the Amur at Discharge  
Tongjiang, Heilongjiang.  • location Tongjiang, China (near
mouth)
The river freezes from late November until March. It has its  • average 76.2 km3/a (2,410 m3/s)
highest flows when the mountain snow melts during the spring to 81.77 km3/a
thaw. The river is navigable up to Harbin by medium-sized (2,591 m3/s).[3][1]
ships. Smaller craft can navigate the Songhua up to Jilin and Basin features
the Nen River up to Qiqihar.
Progression Amur→ Sea of Okhotsk
Cities along the river include: Tributaries  
 • left Nen, Hulan, Tangwang
Jilin
 • right Mudanjiang
Harbin
Jiamusi Songhua River

History
In November 2005, the
river was contaminated
with benzene, leading to a
shutdown of Harbin's
water supply. The spill
stretched 80 kilometers Songhua River is shown in a
(50  mi) and eventually darkish blue color.
reached the Amur Chinese name
Vendors on frozen Songhua (Heilong) River on the
China–Russia border.[6]
Chinese 松花江
On July 28, 2010, several Transcriptions
thousand barrels from two chemical plants in China's Jilin City Standard Mandarin
were washed away by floods. Some of them contained 170 Hanyu Pinyin Sōnghuā Jiāng
kilograms (370 lb) of explosive material like trimethylsilyl chloride
and hexamethyldisiloxane.[7][8] In 2016, the part near the city of Alternative Chinese name
Jilin was affected by a minor flood. Chinese 海西
Transcriptions
See also Standard Mandarin

Geography of China Hanyu Pinyin Hǎixī

Mudanjiang River Manchu name
"Along the Songhua River", a Chinese patriotic song
ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ

Manchu script

References
1. Simonov, Eugene A.; Dahmer, Thomas D. "Amur-
Heilong River Basin Reader" (https://wwfeu.awsassets.
panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf) (PDF).
ISBN 9789881722713. Romanization sunggari ula
2. National Geographic Atlas of China, p. 36 (https://books.
google.com/books?id=4g0I9qMfDDoC&q=songhua+river&pg=PA122). National Geographic
Society (U.S.). 2008. ISBN 9781426201363.
3. National Conditions: Main Rivers (http://china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm)
accessed October 21, 2010.
 4. National Conditions: Main Rivers (http://china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm)
accessed October 21, 2010.
5. "Dadingzishan reservoir – will it have a happy future?" (https://www.transrivers.org/2012/57
0/). Transrivers. China Daily. April 10, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
6. China By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, p.245 (https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=eAUImCyjIcQC&q=songhua+river&pg=PA245). 2007.
ISBN 9789264031159.
7. Khabarovsk Region prevents poisoned Sungari water from reaching Amur (http://english.ruv
r.ru/2010/07/30/13882208.html), Jul 30, 2010, Moscow Time
8. (in Russian)Defence lines were opened in attempt to intercept the barrels with chemicals (htt
p://eco.rian.ru/danger/20100730/259853392.html), RIA Novosti, 30.07.2010

External links

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