ADVENTIST INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED

STUDIES

Topic: MISSION IN THE CITY (FROM THE TEXTBOOKS)

Research Paper Presented in partial fulfilment

Of the requirement for the course

MSSN 672 Transformational/Holistic Ministry

Professor: Dr. Gerson P. Santos, DMin

Submitted By

NOEUM VANNAK

Signed: Date: June 5,

2023
 Contents

CHAPTER 1................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1

Problem Statement.......................................................................................................................1

A Demographic Presentation.......................................................................................................2

Purpose of the Study....................................................................................................................2

Research Questions......................................................................................................................2

Assumptions.................................................................................................................................3

Limitation of the Study................................................................................................................3

Delimitations of the study............................................................................................................3

SDA Challenges In Phnom Penh City.........................................................................................4

Religion Challenge......................................................................................................................4

Financial Challenge.....................................................................................................................5

Lack of Bible workers..................................................................................................................5

Definition of Terms.....................................................................................................................6

Outline of the Study.....................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................7

BIBLICAL FOUNDATION........................................................................................................7

CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................9

METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................9

Qualitative Research....................................................................................................................9
Research Setting..........................................................................................................................9
Participants.................................................................................................................................10

PROCEDURES.........................................................................................................................10

Data Collection..........................................................................................................................10

Data Analysis Strategy...............................................................................................................11

CHAPTER 4..............................................................................................................................12

DATA ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................12

The Strategies to reach the street people...................................................................................12

Emerging Themes......................................................................................................................12

Theme 1: Teaching Programs....................................................................................................12

Theme 2.....................................................................................................................................13

Reasons we need to care for the street people...........................................................................15

Emerging Themes......................................................................................................................15

Theme 3.....................................................................................................................................15

Theme 4.....................................................................................................................................16

How to bring street people to the church...................................................................................17

Emerging Themes......................................................................................................................17

Theme 4: Career initiative opportunities...................................................................................17

Theme 5: Conduct various seminars in order to strengthen spiritual needs..............................18

Theme 6: Engage the young people in church programs...........................................................18

CHAPTER 5..............................................................................................................................19
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION...............................................19

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................19
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................19

Suggestions for the Future Studies............................................................................................20

Reference.....................................................................................................................................1
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

About 2 million people live in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia.

Christian missions in Phnom Penh have a long and rich history. The first missionaries
arrived in the city in his early 19th century and have worked diligently ever since to
spread the love of Christ to the people of Cambodia. Christian missionaries have had
a great impact on the city over the years, helping to improve the lives of many. Right
now, there are some people know Jesus but most of the people in the city have not yet
accepted Jesus as their savior because we lack of the strategies to reach the city.
Working in the city is not easy as in the rural area that is why each church has a few
members every Sabbath except the Mission church at Toul Kork. After I attended in
this class, I found that there are many ways to approach in the people in the city and I
will try my best to share the knowledge to my colleague. But I need to apply all of the
knowledge that I have learned and read from the textbook as well in order to
introduce the strategies to them.

Problem Statement
Phnom Penh is a difficult place to preach Christ due to poverty, addiction,
homelessness, and other social problems. The causes of these problems are complex
and diverse. However, basic factors include the legacy of the Khmer Rouge
government, the country's long history of political instability and violence, and high
levels of poverty and unemployment. By providing social help, moral support, and
hope, the church can play an important role in addressing these issues. By tackling
problems and embracing opportunities, the church can bring hope and change to the
people of Phnom Penh.

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 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of the people in the city to

have a better life and have hope in Jesus Christ. It is good to share the hope of God

with them while they are hopeless. They are lost that Jesus came to the earth to find

them. If we reach these people, they will easily open their hearts to accept Jesus if

we share with them a good discussion.

Research Questions

This research paper will discuss the following about the questions according to the
textbook which Professor Gerson P. Santos has given us on the course syllabus. We
are going to discuss the five books such as Ministry To The Cities, New York – A
Symbol, City Of God, City Of Satan: A Biblical Theology, Seek The Peace Of The
City: Reflection On Urban Ministry, And Center Church.

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 Limitation of the Study

There are some limitations of the study that I encounter with this study. It is

very hard to write the research while I have a short time for it. It affects my work

while both work and study at the same time. On the other hand, I have difficulty

finding books to read because my area has no library that is nearby my area. My

church members ring me and come to meet me often, so I have a limited time for

doing this research paper. On the other hand, I have limited knowledge of English. I

am a slow learner and reader. I need more time to read and think in order to

understand the study. However, I will try my best for the research paper, and I hope

it will be a great experience for my work in the future.

Delimitations of the study

This research is focusing on the ministry in Phnom Penh city only. It is not

focused on other cities or districts. Why am I focusing on Phnom Penh city only?

Because I know only the situation in my city. I have many experiences with it while

I have a few years pastoring in the district. I will be more concentrated on the

spirituality of the rich people in Phnom Penh city, Phnom Penh district, Cambodia

Adventist Mission, to bring them to meet Jesus.

Religion Challenge.

According to my research, there are six religions in Cambodia. Buddhism is the

official religion of Cambodia. Approximately 98% of Cambodia's population

follows Theravada Buddhism, with Islam, Christianity, and tribal animism as well

as Baha’i faith making up the bulk of the small remainder. The Wat (Buddhist

monastery) and Sangha (monkhood), together with essential Buddhist doctrines

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such as reincarnation and the accumulation of merit, are at the center of religious

life. There are 97.9% of Cambodia's population was Buddhist, 1.1% Muslim, 0.5%

is Christian, and 0.6% Other. The most of Cambodian population is Buddhist, 2.0%

Muslim, 0.4% Christian, and 0.7% folk religion and non- religious (Wikipedia,

2021). Cambodian people are prejudiced. It is very difficult to reach them.

Cambodians believed in Hinduism in the past, and now they believe in Buddhism.

Other than that, nowadays, most people believe in combination with these two

religions. They are very strong in their own religion, and they don’t want to

believe in any other religion such as Christianity.

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 Financial Challenge.

The Seventh-day Adventist Church has been around for 20 years in Cambodia.

Cambodia Adventist Mission has almost four thousands church members for the

whole Mission in Cambodia (Lundby, 2018). However, Phnom Penh city is under

Phnom Penh district which has members of around 500 people. Therefore, the fund

is so limited, and we cannot do anything bigger in order to reach the population in

this city. The rich people are busy with their businesses, and the poor people are

busy with their work. It is very difficult to reach them while they leave home early

the morning and come back home at a late time. In order to reach these people, we

want to have a Central of Influence but we cannot do anything because we lack the

funds. Pastor Lim Pheng says “It is difficult to build the Central of Influence in

Phnom Penh because we don’t have funds. We need to pray for the fund” (Pheng,

2021).

Lack of Bible workers.

Phnom Penh is a big area but we don’t have enough workers. I am both a

city church pastor and a district pastor. I have 8 worship groups under my

supervision. However, I have only four Bible workers to work with me. It is a

challenge for me while I am working in the city in order to reach the urbanist and

also taking care of the other groups in the district. If I work more in the city, the

other groups are lower, and if I work more in the groups, the church in the city is

almost dead. Phnom Penh needs not only one or two workers, but we need more

than ten Bible workers in order to hold hand in hand to bring the good news to the

ancient city of Cambodia. Every year, I request my Mission for missionaries to help

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me, but I

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 get nothing because the Mission also has a hard time preparing the missionaries

for us as well.

1. Description of Ministry Context

Challenge

 Religious intolerance: Cambodia is a Buddhist country and Christians are a minority.

This can lead to persecution of Christians such as harassment, discrimination and
ignorance.
 Poverty: Cambodia is a poor country with a high poverty rate. This can make it
difficult for people to obtain basic necessities such as food, water and shelter. It can
also be difficult for individuals to fund their children's education and treatment.
 Inadequate education: Cambodia has a low literacy rate and many people do not have
access to proper education. This can make it difficult for people to find work and
improve their lives.
 Trauma: Cambodia has a long history of killing field and conflict. Many people are
traumatized by this issue and it can be difficult to recover and rebuild their lives.  

Opportunity
 Accept the gospel: Despite the obstacles, interest in the gospel is growing if we have a
better way to share the Good News. Many people are looking for meaning and hope in
their lives. If we have a good method to win their hearts, I believe they will accept
Jesus as their savior.
 The role of the church in society: The church has the potential to play an important
role in Phnom Penh society. It has the capacity to provide social services such as
education, health care and economic growth. It also helps bring about peace and
reconciliation.

Application to the Ministry

 Praise God for the persecuted church. Please pray for the safety of Cambodian
Christians specific in Phnom Penh city. Pray for their spiritual strength and
perseverance.
 Let us reach out to the disadvantaged and the oppressed. The church can help
Cambodian's poor and disqualified by providing food, water, shelter, education and
health care. The church can also provide spiritual guidance and hope.
 Promotes education and literacy. By building schools and training teachers, the
Church can help improve education and literacy in the city such as having a computer
class, music class, and English class. Churches can also promote a culture of learning
and an awareness of the importance of education, and help individuals heal from
trauma. Counseling and support groups offered by the Church help them to recover
from trauma. Churches also help create a safe and supportive atmosphere in which
people can begin to rebuild their lives.
 Promote peace and reconciliation. The Church can help promote peace and
reconciliation in the city by fostering relationships between diverse peoples. The
church can also assist in the peaceful resolution of conflicts. I also plan to have a
house of prayer which people want to be blessed and to be healed from the sickness,
they are welcomed to join freely.

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 In Phnom Penh, the Church has a unique opportunity to make a difference. By
addressing problems and embracing opportunities, the Church can bring hope and
change to the people of Phnom Penh city because both rich and poor also need hope
from God.

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 CHAPTER 2

ANSWERING THE QUESTION FROM THE TEXTBOOK

I. Ministry To The Cities

1. Describe two or three themes presented on the book that you believe it cannot be
applied today, especially in your context. Explain the reasons.
- The concept of a "city church." The idea of a "city church" is used as a model
for service in the city in this book. A city church is a big church with more than one
location. Its goal is to meet people in the city. But I don't think this model works or
can be used in the world we live in today. For many churches, the cost of running a
big church with multiple locations is too high, and these churches usually only reach
people who are already part of the church.In my situation, I think the best way to
serve the city is to focus on getting to know people and meeting their needs. Small
groups, neighborhood service, and social justice work are all ways to do this. I also
think it's important to use technology in a way that helps people and doesn't hurt
them. Technology is a great way to meet with people, but it shouldn't be used instead
of talking to someone in person.
- The focus on spreading the word. The book puts a lot of focus on evangelism
and says that evangelism is the church's most important job in the city. But I think this
focus on preaching is too limited. The church also needs to help the poor and those on
the outside, work for justice, and bring people together. I think that preaching should
be a part of what the church does, but it shouldn't be the only thing the church does.
The church should also help the poor and those on the outside, work for justice, and
bring people together. All of these are important parts of service, and you shouldn't
forget about them.
- How technology is used. The book says that technology can be a strong way to
reach people in the city and that it should be used in service. But I think there should
be a mix between using technology and talking to people in person. Technology is a
great way to stay in touch with people, but it can't take the place of getting to know
people in person. I think technology can be useful in service, but it shouldn't be used
instead of talking to people in person. Technology can be used to connect with people
who can't go to church in person, but it shouldn't be used to replace the value of
building connections with people in person.
2. Identify three points presented in the book that the church has been using (in
general and in your context).
- Youth Are Most Able to Minister to People’s Needs.—If the young men in our cities
would unite their efforts to discountenance ungodliness and crime, their influence
would greatly advance the cause of reform. It is the privilege and the duty of every
youth, as an angel of mercy, to minister to the wants and woes of mankind. There is
no class that can achieve greater results for God and humanity than the young. (p66).
- Every City Should Have a City Mission. Although a few places have been entered,
many centers should be established where there would be employed hundreds of
workers. In every city there should be a city mission that would be a training school
for workers. Many of our brethren must stand condemned in the sight of God because
they have not done the very work that God would have them do.—Letter 56, 1910
(portion in Medical Ministry, 303). (p97)
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- Samaritan Work to Serve Those Whom Society Ignores. Nothing will or ever can give
character to the work in the presentation of truth as that of helping the people just
where they are, as this Samaritan work. (p97)
3. Identify three points presented in the book that the church is not using.
- The importance of relationships. This book emphasizes the need to build
relationships with people in the city. However, many churches still focus on programs
and events rather than helping people. Relationships are the foundation of effective
service. Taking the time to get to know each other can build trust and relationships.
This makes it easier to spread the gospel and help those in need. But some leaders
ignore this good thing.
- Importance of cultural awareness. This book emphasizes the importance of cultural
awareness in serving people in the city. However, many churches continue to use
strategies and approaches that are irrelevant to the people that they are trying to reach.
Every culture is unique and what works in one culture may not work in another. It is
important to pay attention to the cultural norms and values of the people we are trying
to reach. This allows us to communicate more effectively and build partnerships.
- The importance of teamwork. This book emphasizes the importance of working
with diverse groups and people in serving cities. However, many churches continue to
operate in isolation rather than working with other churches to reach more people.
Collaboration is essential because no organization can achieve everything. By
collaborating with other organizations and individuals, we can reach more people.
This is especially important in cities where needs are numerous and many groups are
trying to meet those needs.  
4. Summarize a strategy that you could implement in your context using some of
the concepts presented on this book.
- Teaching by Example. We must live the truth, and teach it by our lives as well as by
our words. (p 50)
- Money and Talents Both Needed in God’s Work. Those who are truly converted are
called to do a work which requires money and consecration. (p53)
- Members With Financial Resources to Support Outreach Efforts. The Lord calls upon
those who are in positions of trust, those to whom He has entrusted His precious gifts,
to use their talents of intellect and in His service.(p53)
- Financial Priority Given to Opening New Fields. God requires that every available
dollar shall be given to the work of opening new fields for the entrance of the gospel
message and in lessening the mountains of difficulty that seek to close up our
missionary work.(p54)
- Nurturing and training workers
- Christ’s Character, Not Just Preaching, Needed.(p59)
- Ministers to Befriend the Poor. Every gospel minister should be a friend to the poor,
the afflicted, and the oppressed among God’s believing people. (p60)
- Thoughtful, Prayerful Study of Human Nature Needed. It requires a knowledge of
human nature, close study, careful thought, and earnest prayer, to know how to
approach men and women on the great subjects that concern their eternal welfare.
(p61)
- Understanding of Humanity Needed. He who seeks to transform humanity must
himself understand humanity.(p61)

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 - Holy Spirit Empowers Workers. All who desire an opportunity for true ministry, and
who will give themselves unreservedly to God, will find in the canvassing work
opportunities to speak upon many things pertaining to the future, immortal life.(p64)
- Youth to Be Taught to Be Useful Adults. The true motive of service is to be kept
before old and young. The students are to be taught in such a way that they will
develop into useful men and women. (p66)
- Personal Witness More Effective Than Public Preaching. (p81)

II. New York – A Symbol, City Of God

1. Describe the theological vision of urban mission presented by E. G. White on this

book.
E.G. White pushed for Christian preaching and medical missions work to be
done together in cities. She suggested that outpost centers and city centers be used as
models for preaching in cities. Outpost centers would be used as places to learn how
to evangelize in cities, as health getaways, and as homes for people who work in
cities. On the other hand, missionary activities like veggie restaurants, health food
shops, medical missions, and city missions would be found in city areas. White says
that the work in the cities is very important for this time, and that when the cities are
worked the way God wants, a powerful movement will start. She thought that the
ideas and methods used in New York City should be used in other big towns all over
the world.
E.G. White's theological vision in this book stresses the importance of urban
evangelism, the combination of medical missionary work with gospel preaching, the
establishment of outposts and city centers, and the need for clear minds and prayerful
methods to reach people in cities. The goal is to spread the last word about Christ's
soon return to the world's big cities and show the work that the Lord wants to be done
all over the world.
Overall, the text shows that E.G. White's religious view of urban mission
shows how important it is to combine medical missionary work with the spreading of
the message. She sees New York City as a poor field and stresses the need for
education, health work, and financial help to set up a center for missionary work in
the city. White wants men with money to help, workers to be trained, and a tribute for
God to be built so that Bible truth and change can come to the people of New York
City.

2. Identify at least five strategies presented on this book that could be utilized
today. Which principles are presented on these strategies and how would you
adapt them in your context?

A. Principle: Deception
Adaptation: In your context, you could adapt this principle by being cautious about
revealing your true intentions to others. By maintaining a certain level of discretion,
you can protect yourself from potential harm, maintain an element of surprise, and
prevent others from taking advantage of you.
B. Principle: Action over Words
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 Adaptation: Focus on demonstrating your competence and effectiveness through
your actions rather than engaging in unnecessary arguments or debates. In your
context, this could mean prioritizing results, productivity, and tangible achievements,
which can speak louder than mere words.
C. Principle: Scarcity
Adaptation: By occasionally creating a sense of scarcity or limiting your
availability, you can enhance your perceived value and desirability in your context.
This could involve strategically choosing when to be present or absent, thereby
increasing the respect and honor you receive from others.

D. Principle: Manipulation of Beliefs

Adaptation: While manipulation may have negative connotations, you can adapt this
principle in your context by understanding people's motivations, desires, and beliefs.
By appealing to their values and aspirations, you can create a sense of community and
loyalty, inspiring others to rally behind your cause or vision.
E. Principle: Incremental Change
Adaptation: When implementing change in your context, adopt an approach that
emphasizes gradual progress and incremental improvements. By balancing the need
for change with stability and avoiding sudden disruptions, you can increase
acceptance and minimize resistance from others.
It's important to note that the adaptation of these strategies should be done
ethically and in a manner that aligns with your values and the specific circumstances
of your context. The intention should be to navigate power dynamics effectively and
positively influence outcomes while maintaining integrity and respect for others.
3. How could you utilize what you learn from this book in your context?
- Self-awareness and personal growth: The book can help you develop a deeper
understanding of power dynamics and human behavior. By applying the principles to
your own life, you can become more self-aware, identify areas where you may be
manipulated, and learn how to protect your own interests.
- Building relationships: Understanding the principles of power can aid you in building
stronger relationships, whether it's in your personal or professional life. By
recognizing the motivations and intentions of others, you can navigate social
dynamics more effectively, build trust, and maintain healthier relationships.
- Leadership and influence: If you hold a leadership position or aspire to be a leader,
the book can provide valuable insights into how power operates. You can adapt the
principles to inspire loyalty, motivate your team, and navigate complex organizational
dynamics.
- Negotiation and persuasion: The strategies outlined in the book can be useful in
negotiation situations, helping you understand the motivations of others and apply
effective persuasive techniques. By leveraging these principles, you can increase your
chances of achieving favorable outcomes and influencing others positively.
- Historical and social analysis: "The 48 Laws of Power" draws on historical examples
to illustrate its principles. By studying these examples and analyzing power dynamics
in your own context, you can gain a broader understanding of how power operates in
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 society, whether it's in politics, business, or other areas.
III. City Of Satan: A Biblical Theology
1. Why is the city a battleground of hostile principalities and powers?
- Spiritual Warfare: The concept of spiritual warfare is prevalent in biblical theology. It
suggests that there is an ongoing battle between God and the forces of evil in the
spiritual realm, which influences and manifests itself in the physical world. The city,
being a concentrated hub of human activity, becomes a prime arena for this battle to
unfold.
- Human Sin and Rebellion: The city represents the collective actions and aspirations of
humanity. Since the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, human beings have
been plagued by sin and rebellion against God's will. This rebellion often finds
expression in the social, political, and cultural structures of the city, leading to a
proliferation of evil and corruption.
- Idolatry and False Worship: The city often becomes a breeding ground for idolatry
and the worship of false gods. In biblical theology, idolatry is seen as a significant
offense against God, as it replaces the worship of the one true God with the worship
of created things. The presence of idolatry in the city attracts spiritual forces that seek
to deceive, manipulate, and exert control over the inhabitants.
- Socio-political Systems: The city is not merely a physical space but also a complex
socio-political system. Throughout history, cities have been centers of power, where
rulers, governments, and authorities exercise their influence. However, when these
systems operate contrary to God's principles of justice, righteousness, and mercy, they
become platforms for the manifestation of evil powers and principalities.
- The Influence of Fallen Angels: The Bible speaks of fallen angels or demonic forces
that work against the purposes of God in the world. These spiritual beings seek to
undermine God's redemptive plan and deceive humanity. The city, with its dense
population and diverse social structures, provides ample opportunities for these fallen
angels to exert their influence and engage in spiritual warfare.
2. What is the mission of the church in the city?
The mission of the church in the city can be understood through the lens of the Great
Commission, which Jesus gave to His disciples in Matthew 28:19-20. According to
this commission, the church's primary mission is to make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and teaching them to
obey all that Jesus commanded. This mission extends to the city as well, as the city is
a significant gathering place of diverse people groups and cultures. The mission of the
church in the city can include the following elements:
- Evangelism and Discipleship: The church is called to proclaim the gospel of Jesus
Christ to the people living in the city, inviting them to receive salvation and become
followers of Christ. This involves sharing the good news, demonstrating God's love
through acts of service and compassion, and helping new believers grow in their faith
through discipleship.
- Social Engagement and Justice: The city often presents unique challenges related to
poverty, inequality, injustice, and various social issues. The church is called to engage
with these issues, addressing the needs of the marginalized and oppressed, advocating
for justice, and working towards the well-being and flourishing of all people in the
city.
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 - Cultural Transformation: The city is a place where culture is shaped and influenced.
The church has a role in impacting the cultural landscape by promoting biblical
values, moral principles, and ethical standards. This involves being a prophetic voice,
challenging societal norms that are contrary to God's Word, and actively participating
in cultural renewal and transformation.
- Community Building and Reconciliation: The church is called to be a community of
believers that reflects the love and unity of Christ. In the city, this involves fostering
genuine relationships, promoting reconciliation across racial, ethnic, and socio-
economic divides, and working towards the unity and well-being of the diverse
communities within the city.
- Prayer and Spiritual Warfare: Recognizing the spiritual battle that takes place in the
city, the church has a responsibility to engage in prayer and spiritual warfare. This
includes interceding for the city, its leaders, and its inhabitants, and actively resisting
the influence of evil powers through spiritual discernment, prayer, and dependence on
God's guidance and empowerment.
3. How can the church be supported in accomplishing that mission?
The most important parts of this book are the things that can be done to help the
church do its work in the city. Some of these are prayer, direct involvement, teaching
and guidance, activism, and lobbying. Prayer is a strong way to support the purpose of
the church because it promotes and invests in the process of making followers in the
church. Active involvement includes things like working, taking on leadership roles,
giving money, or helping out in other ways. When it comes to teaching and guidance,
it's important to support and invest in the church's education process.
Mobilization and lobbying mean getting people inside and outside the church to
help with the goal. The most important parts of this text are that the church should
encourage people to use their talents and resources for the good of the city and its
people, promote unity and collaboration within the church and between different
churches in the city, help church leaders and members get theological education and
training, give church leaders and members ongoing encouragement, affirmation, and
support, and work with interchurch networks.
IV. Seek The Peace Of The City: Reflection On Urban Ministry

1. How would you summarize the idea of Urban Socio-Theology

Urban socio-theology is a multidisciplinary method that uses religious thought and
action to try to understand and deal with the social issues of urban settings. It talks
about how important cities are as complicated social, cultural, and economic places
and how religion can help and be helped by city life. It talks about how important it is
to understand the environment, do inclusive service, work together, and fight for
justice in urban areas. Urban sociology understands that cities are complicated
systems that are shaped by economic, political, social, and cultural factors. Any
attempt to do urban ministry must take these factors into account and try to deal with
them in a complete way. It also talks about the need for fairness and support in urban
areas for the poor and oppressed. Overall, Urban Socio-Theology offers a complete
approach to urban ministry that takes into account the complicated facts of urban
areas and tries to deal with them in an overall way.
2. What is Jeremiah’s city paradigm? 
Jeremiah's city paradigm refers to the concept and teachings found in the book of
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 Jeremiah in the Bible, specifically in Jeremiah 29:4-7. In these verses, Jeremiah
provides instructions to the exiled Israelites living in Babylon, urging them to seek the
welfare and peace of the city in which they find themselves. This paradigm carries
important principles for urban ministry and Christian engagement in society.
Jeremiah's teachings highlight the significance of active participation, a long-term
perspective, holistic ministry, and prayerful reliance on God in order to have a real
effect on the communities they live in. He urges the exiles to live in the city, to create
homes and families, to seek the welfare of the city, and to pray for its development. In
Jeremiah's teachings, the city paradigm pushes Christians to accept their position as
agents of good change in their urban neighborhoods, stressing the significance of
active involvement, a long-term perspective, holistic ministry, and prayerful reliance
on God. Christians may have a real effect on the cities they live in by working for
justice, reconciliation, and the flourishing of their communities by following these
principles.
3. What is the meaning of applying patience in doing urban ministry?
Applying patience in urban ministry is essential because it recognizes the complexity,
challenges, and gradual nature of transformative work within urban contexts. Here are
a few key aspects that highlight the significance of patience:
- Long-Term Impact: Urban ministry often involves addressing deeply rooted social
issues and systemic injustices that have developed over time. Achieving sustainable
change requires a long-term perspective, as transformation may not occur overnight.
Patience allows urban ministers to persistently engage in the work, understanding that
progress may be gradual and incremental.
- Building Trust and Relationships: Effective urban ministry involves building trust and
fostering relationships within the community. Establishing meaningful connections
takes time, as it requires understanding, empathy, and genuine care. Patience allows
for the cultivation of authentic relationships, allowing urban ministers to gain
credibility, listen to the needs of the community, and collaborate effectively with local
residents, organizations, and leaders.
- Respect for Context: Urban environments are diverse and complex, comprising
individuals with various backgrounds, cultures, and experiences. Patience is crucial in
navigating these complexities, as it allows urban ministers to respect and appreciate
the unique context of each community. By taking the time to understand the specific
challenges, strengths, and aspirations of the people they serve, ministers can tailor
their approach and initiatives to better meet the needs of the community.
- Overcoming Obstacles and Resistance: Urban ministry often encounters resistance,
whether from entrenched systems, cultural barriers, or individual skepticism. Patience
is necessary to persevere through obstacles and challenges that arise along the way. It
allows urban ministers to maintain a hopeful and resilient attitude, persisting in their
efforts to bring about positive change despite setbacks or initial resistance.
- Faithful Presence: Patience aligns with the call for faithful presence in urban ministry.
It involves being present in the community consistently, faithfully showing up, and
being available to walk alongside individuals and communities. By demonstrating
patience, ministers communicate their commitment and willingness to journey with
the community through their struggles, setbacks, and successes.
4. What are two lessons you learned from Paul in doing urban ministry?
15
 In studying the life and ministry of the apostle Paul, there are valuable lessons that
can be gleaned for urban ministry. Here are two important lessons:
A. Adaptability and Contextualization: Paul demonstrated a remarkable ability to
adapt his approach to different cultural and urban contexts. In his ministry, he
recognized the importance of understanding the cultural, social, and religious
dynamics of the cities he visited. He contextualized the message of the Gospel,
effectively communicating with diverse audiences while remaining true to the core
principles of the faith. This lesson emphasizes the significance of adapting ministry
strategies to the specific needs, challenges, and cultural backgrounds of urban
communities. It involves listening, observing, and learning from the local context,
allowing for flexibility in methods and approaches. By adapting to the unique
dynamics of each urban setting, ministers can effectively engage with the people they
serve, building bridges of understanding and relevance.

B. Building Partnerships and Discipleship: Paul understood the power of building

partnerships and investing in discipleship. Throughout his ministry, he formed
meaningful relationships with individuals, local churches, and leaders. He mentored
and trained others, equipping them to continue the work of ministry and bring about
transformation in their own communities. This lesson highlights the importance of
cultivating relationships and empowering local leaders in urban ministry. It involves
investing in the development of others, fostering a sense of ownership and
responsibility within the community. By building partnerships and discipleship
networks, ministers can expand their impact, mobilizing a wider group of people to
actively engage in the work of urban transformation.

V. Center Church.

1. Describe the theological vision of church presented by Tim Keller. In your

opinion, what is “Center Church” and what contribution this concept brings to
today’s missiology?
Center Church: A Church's Theological Vision
Timothy Keller's book, "Center Church: Doing Balanced, Gospel-Centered
Ministry in Your City," offers a complete theological perspective for the church.
Keller's theological vision highlights the importance of the gospel in the lives of
individual believers as well as the corporate body of Christ. He aspires to bridge the
gap between conventional theologies that emphasis personal salvation alone and more
progressive theologies that emphasize social justice and cultural involvement.
The Church of the Gospel
Keller contends that the essential message of Christianity is the gospel. The
gospel is the good news that Jesus Christ died on the cross for our sins and rose again
to offer us new life. Keller believes that the gospel is for the church as much as for
individuals. The church is a group of individuals who have been rescued by the gospel
and are now called to share that good news with the rest of the world.
The Church in Context
Keller also highlights the significance of context. He contends that the church's

16
 approaches and strategies should be tailored to the specific cultural and social
situation in which it finds itself. He calls for interacting with the surrounding culture
rather than fleeing from it, with the goal of presenting the gospel in a manner that is
relevant and meaningful to the people in that situation. This entails knowing the
community's worldview, values, and needs and responding to them with the
transformational power of the gospel.
The Church of the Whole
Keller's theological worldview is comprehensive. He claims that the gospel not
only saves people, but also heals and restores all aspects of life and society. This
complete view of the gospel challenges the contradiction between personal piety and
social justice, supporting a comprehensive and integrated approach to ministry.
Center Church's Missiological Implications
Keller's theological perspective has far-reaching missionary ramifications. It
urges churches to be attentive to their communities' distinctive cultural and
socioeconomic dynamics, rather than taking a one-size-fits-all approach. Churches
may successfully convey the gospel's eternal truths in ways that connect with modern
society and meet the unique needs and problems of their setting by contextualizing the
gospel.
Furthermore, Keller's theological perspective encourages a balanced approach
to service that combines gospel proclamation with deeds of compassion and justice.
This comprehensive perspective is consistent with many Christians' increased
awareness of the need of addressing social concerns and attempting to effect
constructive change in society. By accepting this vision, churches may participate in
missional activities more effectively, exhibiting the transformational power of the
gospel in all spheres of life.
Conclusion
"Center Church" is a theological vision that aims to negotiate the contradictions
between various theological emphases and provides a framework for churches to
connect effectively with their cultural environment while staying true to the essential
message of the gospel. It provides insightful and practical counsel for contemporary
missiology, stressing the need of a balanced, gospel-centered approach to ministry
that targets both personal and societal reform.
2. How would you describe the author’s decision to start a new ministry in the city
and which values he implemented? Why? In other words, what is the
contribution that the Redeemer brings compared to other urban churches?
Several essential ideals and reasons drove Timothy Keller's choice to launch a
new ministry in the city, especially with Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York
City. Recognizing the specific problems and possibilities that exist in urban
environments was one of the key motivators. Keller and Redeemer Presbyterian
Church tried to address the unique demands and cultural dynamics of the urban
environment. Furthermore, they attempted to interact with its congregants' and the
surrounding community's intellectual problems and concerns by presenting
intellectually rigorous sermons and teachings, engaging with current cultural issues,
and building a culture of critical research and conversation. Timothy Keller's decision
to launch a new city ministry with Redeemer Presbyterian Church was motivated by
an awareness of the strategic significance of urban areas as well as a desire to engage
17
 with the unique difficulties and possibilities they bring.
Redeemer made a distinct contribution to the urban church landscape by
implementing values such as contextualization, intellectual engagement, and
community emphasis, presenting the gospel in a way that was relevant, intellectually
robust, and transformative for New York City's diverse population. Keller's devotion
to contextualization and holistic approach to ministry drew and engaged many urban
inhabitants looking for a religion that addressed to their own experiences and
problems.
3. How would you describe your own attitude regarding the city? What is the
biblical concept of city? How would you be able to look for “peace and
prosperity” in your city?
The biblical concept of the city is multifaceted. Cities are places where people
gather, build communities, and engage in various activities. They can be centers of
commerce, governance, cultural exchange, and worship.
When it comes to seeking "peace and prosperity" in a city, there are several
principles that can be considered. These include:
 Prayer and seeking God's guidance: Begin by seeking God's guidance through
prayer, asking for wisdom and discernment as you engage with the city.
 Engage with the community: Get involved in your local community. Build
relationships with your neighbors, participate in community events, and seek
opportunities to understand and meet the needs of those around you.
 Promote justice and righteousness: Advocate for justice, fairness, and
righteousness within your city. This may involve addressing social issues, supporting
marginalized communities, and working towards a more equitable society.
 Extend acts of mercy and compassion: Show kindness, compassion, and care
to those in need within the city. This can involve volunteering at local organizations,
providing support to the vulnerable, and engaging in acts of service.
 Foster reconciliation and peacebuilding: Seek to promote reconciliation,
forgiveness, and peace within your city. This can include building bridges between
different groups, promoting understanding and dialogue, and actively working
towards unity and harmony.
 Be a positive influence: Live out your faith with integrity and be a positive
influence within your city. Demonstrate love, grace, and humility in your interactions
with others, and actively contribute to the well-being and development of the
community.
Seeking "peace and prosperity" in a city is an ongoing process that requires
patience, perseverance, and a genuine heart for the well-being of others. By
embodying the principles of justice, compassion, reconciliation, and positive
influence, you can make a positive impact and contribute to the flourishing of the city.
In the context of Phnom Penh, these principles can be applied in a variety of ways.
For example, you could:
 Pray for the city and its leaders, asking God to guide them and help them to
make decisions that will benefit all citizens.
 Get involved in your local community by volunteering at a local school, soup
kitchen, or other organization.
 Advocate for justice and righteousness by speaking out against injustice and
working to create a more equitable society.
 Extend acts of mercy and compassion by donating to a local charity or
volunteering your time to help those in need.
18
  Foster reconciliation and peacebuilding by building relationships with people
from different backgrounds and working to bridge the gaps between them.
 Be a positive influence by living your life in a way that reflects your faith and
values.
4. In your opinion, which model of relationship between Christ and the culture is
the most adopted by SDA leaders? Why?
Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) leaders, like leaders in any religious
denomination, can hold a range of views regarding the relationship between Christ
and culture. Some may lean towards an approach that emphasizes separation or
distinction, focusing on maintaining a faithful and distinct identity in light of their
interpretation of biblical teachings and end-time theology. Others may adopt a more
engaged approach, seeking to actively and contextually engage with the culture in
order to communicate the gospel message effectively and meet the needs of the
community.
It's important to note that the SDA Church is a diverse global denomination
with a range of theological perspectives and cultural contexts. Different SDA leaders
may have different views on this topic, and there is no uniform or universally adopted
model of the relationship between Christ and culture within the SDA Church.

If you're interested in understanding the perspectives of SDA leaders on this

matter, I would recommend consulting official SDA literature, statements, or
engaging in discussions with SDA leaders to gain a more accurate understanding of
their beliefs and practices.
5. According to Richard Niebuhr regarding the relationship of culture and
Christianity, in what “season” are you? Adapting these “four seasons,” what
does Keller propose?
The book "Christ and Culture" by Richard Niebuhr proposes five possible
paradigms or "typologies" for interpreting the link between Christianity and culture.
These typologies are presented as diverse ways in which Christianity has historically
engaged with society, rather than as seasons. Christ Against Culture, Christ of
Culture, Christ Above Culture, and Christ and Culture in Paradox are some of these
typologies. Christ Against Culture sees Christianity and culture as essentially
incompatible and diametrically opposed, while Christ of Culture strives to integrate
Christianity into the dominant culture. Christ Above Culture sees Christianity as
transcending and offering a higher perspective on culture, while Christ and Culture in
Paradox acknowledges and perceives the contradiction between Christianity and
culture as irreconcilable.
The book "Center Church" by Timothy Keller promotes the cohabitation of
Christ and culture without striving to entirely integrate or divide them. His theological
perspective is more in line with the Christ Transforming civilization typology, which
holds that Christianity has the capacity to alter and redeem civilization. Keller urges
Christians to connect with the culture, adapt their techniques and strategies to the
situation, and proclaim the gospel in ways that resonate and effect change. His
approach acknowledges the tensions and problems in the Christ-culture connection
and strives to negotiate those conflicts with a balanced, gospel-centered viewpoint.

19
6. Present an outline of a strategy using what you learn from this book in your
ministry.

A. Contextualization and Cultural Engagement:

- Understand the cultural context of the ministry area, including its values,
beliefs, and needs.
- Seek to communicate the gospel in ways that resonate with the specific cultural
context while remaining faithful to biblical truths.
- Engage with the local community, build relationships, and seek to understand
their perspectives and concerns.
B. Theological Vision and Biblical Teaching:
- Develop a clear theological vision for the ministry that is grounded in biblical
truth and reflects the redemptive purposes of God.
- Emphasize robust biblical teaching that addresses the intellectual, spiritual, and
cultural questions of the community.
- Communicate the gospel message effectively, highlighting the transformative
power of Christ and the relevance of Christianity to people's lives.
C. Community and Relationships:
- Foster a sense of belonging and community within the ministry.
- Establish small groups or other intentional community-building structures
where individuals can connect, support, and grow together.
- Encourage a culture of care, mutual support, and discipleship.
D. Mercy and Justice:
- Identify and respond to the needs of the community through acts of mercy and
justice.
- Establish partnerships with local organizations and initiatives to address social
issues and support the vulnerable.
- Advocate for justice, fairness, and dignity in the local community.
E. Reconciliation and Peacemaking:
- Promote reconciliation and peacebuilding within the ministry and the broader
community.
- Encourage dialogue, understanding, and empathy among diverse groups.
- Seek to address conflicts and divisions in a spirit of love, humility, and grace.
F. Leadership Development and Discipleship:
- Invest in developing leaders within the ministry, equipping them with biblical
knowledge, leadership skills, and a heart for service.
- Provide opportunities for discipleship and spiritual growth, emphasizing
personal transformation and a deepening relationship with Christ.
G. Proclamation and Outreach:
- Develop strategic approaches for sharing the gospel with the local community.
- Utilize various means of communication, including digital platforms, events,
and personal evangelism, to reach people with the message of Christ.
- Engage in intentional evangelism efforts that take into account the unique
cultural and spiritual dynamics of the community.
H. Continuous Evaluation and Adaptation:
- Regularly assess the effectiveness and impact of the ministry's strategies and
activities.
- Seek feedback from the community and the ministry team to make necessary
adjustments and improvements.
- Remain open to the leading of the Holy Spirit and the guidance of God's Word
20
in shaping and refining the ministry strategy.

21
 CHAPTER 3

Detailed description of community needs (2 pages)

Education

Quality education is one of the most critical issues of Phnom Penh. The city's public

school system is failing to fulfill the requirements of its rising population, and many

youngsters are not receiving the education they need to prosper. By offering after-

school activities, tutoring, and other educational opportunities, church ministries may

assist to fill this need.

Healthcare

Healthcare is another critical necessity in Phnom Penh. Many individuals cannot

afford to visit a doctor since the city's public hospitals are congested and understaffed.

Church ministries that provide free or low-cost healthcare, such as clinics, mobile

health units, and health education initiatives, may assist to satisfy this need.

Food and lodging

Poverty is a big issue in Phnom Penh, as many individuals struggle to make ends

meet. Food banks, soup kitchens, and homeless shelters provided by church ministries

may assist to satisfy this need.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation services are also required in Phnom Penh. Many individuals in the city

are battling addiction, mental illness, and other issues. Counseling, support groups,

and other rehabilitative programs provided by church ministries may assist to address

this need.

Opportunity

Finally, there is a scarcity of opportunities in Phnom Penh. Many residents in the city
22
are impoverished and have little opportunities to better their circumstances. Church

ministries may assist satisfy this demand by offering job training, microfinance, and

other self-sufficiency initiatives.

These are only a handful of Phnom Penh's numerous communal needs. Church

missions may help satisfy these needs by offering education, healthcare, food and

shelter, rehabilitation, and opportunities. Aside from these particular requirements,

there is also a general need for love, compassion, and hope. These items may be

provided by church ministries by being present in the community and delivering a

message of hope and redemption.

23
 CHAPTER 4

Detailed description of available resources (2 pages)

According to the experience in Phnom Penh experience as a district pastor, I would

like to share with you about the available resources for the ministry.

Human resources

In Phnom Penh, there are many excellent and devoted individuals eager to

offer their time and abilities to assist others. Church ministries may tap into this

resource pool by recruiting volunteers to assist with a range of responsibilities such as

educating, counseling, and delivering social services.

Financial Resources

A variety of funding options are also available to help church work in Phnom

Penh. Individuals, corporations, and foundations may make financial contributions to

support church activities and projects. Grants from government agencies and

international organizations are also available to church missions.

Physical Resources

Church missions need access to physical resources such as buildings, land, and

equipment in addition to people and financial resources. Church missions may get

these resources via acquiring, renting, or receiving contributions.

Resources for Networking

Networking with other groups that aim to satisfy the needs of the community

may also help church ministry. Church ministries may exchange resources, cooperate

on initiatives, and learn from one another through networking with other groups.

Resources for Technology

Technology may be a useful tool in church service. Technology may be used

to interact with people, educate and teach them, and offer social services. Technology
24
may be acquired through church ministry via purchase, rental, or gift.

Additional Resources

In addition to the materials mentioned above, there are many more resources

available to help in church ministry in Phnom Penh. Transportation, food, clothes, and

medical supplies are among the options available. Church missions may get these

resources via acquiring, renting, or receiving contributions.

Church ministries may make a genuine impact in the lives of people in Phnom

Penh by using the resources at their disposal. They may contribute to meeting

community needs, providing hope and compassion, and fostering a more fair and

caring society. Here are some particular instances of how church ministries in Phnom

Penh are using existing resources to satisfy community needs:

Wat Botum Church offers free education to children from low-income

households. Homeless persons are fed and housed by Christian Social Services. The

Cambodian Children's Fund helps children who cannot afford medical treatment. The

Love and Hope Foundation offers therapy and assistance to persons dealing with

addiction, mental illness, and other difficulties.

World Vision Cambodia offers employment training and financing to assist

individuals in becoming self-sufficient. These are just a few instances of how church

ministries are using existing resources to fulfill the needs of the Phnom Penh

community. Church ministries can make a genuine impact in the lives of people in the

city by working together.

ADRA is also stand for a very good role for our church. Every time if there is

any disaster, ADRA works with the government closely in order to support the need

people. Seventh day Adventist church is well-known because of ADRA work as a

representative of the church.

25
 CHAPTER 5

The project should include a disciple making process, following

Christ’s method approach, to promote kingdom growth and
community prosperity (2-3 pages)

Disciple Making Process in Phnom Penh for Kingdom Growth and Community
Prosperity

Introduction: The city of Phnom Penh offers a unique setting for church mission, with
different cultural origins, societal issues, and a need for community reform. It is
critical to develop a disciple-making process that follows Christ's method approach in
order to foster kingdom expansion and community prosperity. This method prioritizes
purposeful connections, comprehensive ministry, and encouraging people to be
change agents. This article provides a complete disciple-making process adapted to
Phnom Penh's unique demands and difficulties.

I. Relationship Building:
A. Understanding the Context: Conduct extensive study to gather insights into Phnom
Penh's cultural, social, and spiritual aspects.
- Hold discussions with community leaders, citizens, and other churches to better
understand the unique needs and issues.

B. Community Engagement: Encourage church members to engage actively in the life

of the city by volunteering in local groups and projects.
- Plan community activities and gatherings to create connections and partnerships
with people from diverse backgrounds.
- Begin small group talks and discourse sessions to foster comprehension, empathy,
and friendship.

II. Holistic Ministry: A. Spiritual Formation: Provide Bible studies, discipleship

programs, and mentorship opportunities to help people grow in their faith.
- Stress the significance of prayer, worship, and Bible study for personal
development and spiritual change.
- Encourage Christians to establish a close connection with God and a biblical
worldview that guides their behavior.

B. Social Justice and Compassion: Identify and address the community's social and
economic issues, such as poverty, education, healthcare, and human trafficking.
- Form alliances with local groups and government agencies to work on projects that
result in concrete change.
- Train and equip church members to serve the needy, advocate for justice, and
promote community well-being.

III. Developing Disciple-Makers:

A. Leadership Development: - Provide leadership training and mentoring programs to
equip persons with the abilities needed for service.
26
 - Identify and empower prospective congregational leaders to take on critical duties
and responsibilities.
- Promote a culture of lifelong learning and development among church members.

B. Multiplication and Replication: - Stress the significance of disciples making

disciples, resulting in a ripple effect of change throughout the community.
- Create small group structures that promote accountability, mentoring, and
purposeful discipleship connections.
- Provide tools and resources for Christians to successfully communicate their faith
and participate in evangelism within their areas of influence.

IV. Kingdom Influence:

A. Collaborative Partnerships: - Encourage collaboration with other churches,
organizations, and stakeholders in order to use combined resources and expertise.
- Collaborate to achieve common objectives such as community growth, social
reform, and spiritual renewal.
- Participate in collaborative activities and projects addressing systemic concerns
and promoting long-term sustainability.

B. Testimony and Celebration: - Celebrate tales of change, both inside the church and
in the larger community, to inspire and encourage others.
- Share testimonials of people who have grown personally and spiritually as a result
of the disciple-making process.
- Emphasize the positive effect of the church's community participation, fostering a
culture of thankfulness and optimism.

Conclusion: In order to promote kingdom expansion and community prosperity in

Phnom Penh, a disciple-making process based on Christ's method approach must be
used. The church may play an important role in changing lives and communities
through cultivating purposeful connections, participating in holistic ministry,
equipping disciple-makers, and developing collaborative partnerships. Believers
become change agents as a result of this process, working for the completion of God's
kingdom and the flourishing of Phnom Penh.

27
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