Community Assessment

Needs Project
Lorena, Teisha, Gabrielle, Eric, & Eunice
DHY391: Community Health I
 POPULATION
GENERAL POPULATION: ELEMENTARY KIDS (K-5 grade)
SPECIFIC TARGET:
❖ 3rd graders (8-9 year olds)
❖ Marvista Elementary School
○ Highline school district
○ Serving the communities of Burien, Des Moines,
Normandy Park, Sea tac, & White Center
❖ Demographics
● American Indian/Alaskan Native - 0.7%
● Asian - 14.9%
● Pacific Islander - 3.5%
● Black - 15.3%
● Hispanic - 39.7%
● White - 18.9%
● Multi-racial - 7.1%
❖ Socioeconomic status
❖ Free or reduced-priced meals: 60.8%
Target
Population
Proposal
● Emphasize the value of professional cleanings, dental exams, and OHI
● Games and Goodie Bags

Informational materials will consist of:

● Gum Disease
● Tooth Decay
● Nutritional foods
● Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

Goodie bag contents:

● Toothbrush
● Toothpaste
● Floss
Proposal: Statistical Needs

Disparities among
ethnicities

Caries decline over the

years
Solutions → Sealants
HELP SCHOOLS CONNECT TO:
● Medicaid
● Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
● Local health department clinics
● Community health centers

INFORM PARENTS:
● Sealants protect against 80% of cavities for 2
years & continue to protect against 50% of
cavities for up to 4 years
● Children from low-income families are 15% less
likely to get sealants and twice as likely to have
untreated cavities
NEEDS ASSESSMENT:
OPPORTUNITIES
STRENGTHS - Free preventative health lessons
covered by SSCDHP seniors
- Odessa Brown rotation: experience - Teach-Back method used to
treating & educating young children & promote high success in
adolescents recreating lessons
- providing PE/OHI to every patient (flossing/brushing) at home
guides us to keep lessons short but - Questions right after lessons to
engaging especially for children of challenge & increase retention of
ages 8-9 (third graders) information
- Engaging lessons encourages
healthier habits & oral health

THREATS
WEAKNESSES
- Children dental fears
- Lack of access to care or dental - Lack of attention from
establishment children throughout
- Lack of insurance or other lessons
resources for aid/advice - parents with personal
- Lack of parental beliefs against
encouragement to keep up with fluoride/sealants
oral hygiene
 Stakeholders

Client benefitting: third-graders

attending Marvista elementary school
behind Highline’s adoption of the
Social Justice Standards from
“Teaching from Justice:
Uphold mission to be a catalyst for
racial justice
Marvista Elementary following
“Equity Policy”, requiring
instruction on race & identity.
In-the-works.
Uses State of Washington online
graduation requirements outline to
determine each students’ graduation status.
Also defines K-5 need 30-minutes per week
taught about health by their classroom
teacher
Mission Statement
Marvista strives their children to have an easy,
smooth educational transition into middle school,
high school, & beyond those years. Attendance,
asking for help/ communication, & family
involvement is necessary for students to succeed.

Vision
Our hope is that our program encourages children,
teaching them about preventative health at an age
where positive impact to oral health occurs.
Teaching necessary skills to keep a clean routine
even before the molars erupt is great way to prevent
disease.
 Instructional Goals

● Provide instructions and information to set students up for good oral hygiene habits.

● Increase students knowledge of flossing by demonstrating flossing techniques

● Demonstrate Modified Bass Technique by using a toothbrush and Colgate tooth model

● Educate students on the importance of nutrition in relation to caries development

● Increase students knowledge of tooth friendly snacks

S
U
R
V
E
Y
Analyze / Assessment
Based on 2015-2016 study

● 68% of third grade children from low income

households had experienced tooth decay
compared to 41% from higher income
households
● Nearly twice as many children suffered the
effects of rampant decay in low income
households compared to higher income
households
Analyze/Assessment

● In Washington State the prevalence of

decay in third graders has improved from
60% in 2005 to 35% in 2015-2016
● Washington, preventive interventions are
making positive outcomes
● Rates were low for untreated tooth decay
in 2015-2016 (12%) compared to 2005
(19%) and lower than the National
Average 17%
Nutrition & Caries Process
● Cariogenic foods/beverages can be metabolized by oral bacteria and reduce
salivary pH
○ Foods include: fermentable carbohydrates (juice, sports drinks, chips, candy, ice cream,
cookies, desserts, sweetened cereals, other sweetened foods)
● Oral bacteria eat the cariogenic foods (sugar) and produce an acid
● This acid (if not removed) sits on the tooth surface causing demineralization
● If not treated, the demineralization can turn

into carious lesions or cavities

Cariostatic or non cariogenic
foods/beverages do not cause a
reduction in salivary pH

Anticariogenic foods/beverages do
not cause a reduction in pH and may
protect teeth from cariogenic activity
Tooth Friendly Snacks
● Fresh fruits and crunchy vegetables
● Nuts, almonds, walnuts (unsalted
or low-salt)
● Cheese, cottage cheese, low-fat
milk, low-sugar yogurt
● Eggs and meat
● Sugar free snacks
Social Cognitive Theory

Copyright 2016 - 2020 | Johns Hopkins University

Social Cognitive Theory
Reciprocal Determinism: Person, behavior, and environment interacting
dynamically

Behavior Capability: Understanding and ability to carry a particular behavior

Expectations: Expected results

Self-Efficacy: Motivation to change and persevere

Observational Learning: Observation-based learning

Reinforcements: Responses to a person’s conduct that affect recurrence

Plan / Develop
Interactive OHI is a great way for
children to retain information

The Agency for Healthcare Research

and Quality (AHRQ) & the Institute
for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
recommends the teach-back method
as a technique to verify patients’
understanding.
Yen, P. H., & Leasure, A. R. (2019). Use and Effectiveness of the Teach-Back Method in Patient Education and Health Outcomes. Federal practitioner : for the health
care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 36(6), 284–289.
 C-Shape Floss
& Brushing Technique
Each student able to practice flossing:
emphasis on C-shape flossing, getting
under the gums, and reminding them to
reach the back molars Immediate
teach-back
Proper brushing etiquette is taught, method to
reminders of replacement, no sharing of aid towards
toothbrushes, and emphasis on the 45
correct
degree angle to aim at the gum line
methods
brushing in circular motions.
Goodie Bags ordered & packed by our group!

Marvista Elementary School,

Captivating dental Normandy Park, WA

products will motivate

kids to focus on
improving their oral
health & develop a
healthy routine
demonstrated by our
group members.

Products ordered through Seattle Central Henry Schein account (February 9, 2023)
Implement
Program implementation considering cultural values,
epidemiological realities, and challenges to the population
regarding participation
If you are presenting to a target population that does not
speak English, how will you relate the information to them?
Are there any cultural barriers? What will you do to
overcome barriers?
Mar Vista School in Normandy Park, WA helped us execute the
initiative. Most 3rd grade students spoke English and were
American or first-generation Americans. They reside in a
fluoridated area. Many Normandy Park pupils have access to
dental treatment since the typical household income is $113,328.
We can provide information on free/reduced charge clinics for
those without access to dental treatment in the future. Students
participated well, however we'll have one presenter each topic in
the future so everyone is able to see the presentation.
We were unaware that one student needed Spanish translation.
Future class surveys should inquire if translation is needed.
Information may be provided in different languages, and DH
students who speak the language can help translate.
When it comes to children's teeth, some people think the primary
dentition doesn't matter and that dental decay is an unavoidable
part of growing up. Hence, parents may neglect preventative care
or postpone therapy until the condition is severe. In the future we
can send out information providing the risks of forgoing care on
primary dentition.
Evaluation
Assessment: what do the student already know?
● Asked questions prior to presenting
○ Why is it important to brush and floss?
○ What does bad bacteria do to your teeth and gums?
○ Which food are good for your teeth?
● Students were knowledgeable about importance of brushing, flossing, caries, and nutrition
● We went further into detail about these aspects in prevention of dental diseases

Methods:
● Asked questions throughout presentation
● Presented videos
● Activities: brushing and flossing techniques on typodont
● Questions at the end: what did the students learn?
○ Students grasped information
○ Practiced techniques
○ Excited for their kits
○ Excited about what they learned
 Evaluations Part II

● 39.7% Hispanic students

○ A few Spanish-only speaking students
○ Spanish version of Powerpoint/pamphlet
summarizing caries prevention lesson
● Add questions to survey asking if any students
need additional accommodations
○ Any language barriers, homelessness,
other resources
○ Offer additional resources for finding
clinics/absence of insurance & their
options, food/housing assistance
resources
○ Place list of resources in goodie bags

● A lot of the faculty mentioned how disclosing

tablets were very memorable
○ Good idea to place disclosing tablets in
goodie bags
■ Fun at-home activity for children
References
● Aloha Pediatric Dentistry. Tooth Brushing Instructions. Pediatric Dentistry. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2022, from
https://www.alohakidsdds.com/pediatric-dentistry/tooth-brushing/
● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Dental sealants prevent cavities - vital signs - CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 10,
2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/dental-sealants/index.html
● Colak, H., Dülgergil, C. T., Dalli, M., & Hamidi, M. M. (2013, January). Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Journal of natural science,
biology, and medicine. Retrieved December 10, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633299/figure/F1/
● Fast facts. Highline Public Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2022, from https://www.highlineschools.org/about/district-information/fast-facts
● Fast facts. Highline Public Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2022, from https://www.highlineschools.org/about/district-information/fast-facts
● Flossing Game. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2022 https://teachingmama.org/flossing-activity-for-preschoolers/

● Health & PE - Highline Public Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2022, from https://www.highlineschools.org/departments/curriculum-instruction/subject-areas/health-pe

● National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2013, September 12). #NIDCR: What Lives Inside Your Mouth? YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0crP-3dRBE
● Pediatric Dental Info. (n.d.). https://www.pinterest.com/pin/457959855843698880/
● SBCC Implementation Kits. (n.d.). Social Cognitive Learning Theory. Retrieved December 9, 2022, from
https://sbccimplementationkits.org/sbcc-in-emergencies/social-cognitive-learning-theory/
● Smile and Learn. (2020, July 23). How to Brush Your Teeth - Tooth Brushing for Kids. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcNAhUqH9U0&t=46s
● Stegeman, C. A., & Davis, J. R. (2019). 18/Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment. In The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care (5th
ed., pp. 353–356). essay, Elsevier, Inc.
● Sweet Tooth. (2018, June 8). Snack "Teeth Smart". Pediatric Dental Blog. Retrieved from https://sweettoothkids.com/PediatricDentalBlog/2018/06/08/snack-teeth-smart/
● Yen, P. H., & Leasure, A. R. (2019). Use and Effectiveness of the Teach-Back Method in Patient Education and Health Outcomes. Federal practitioner : for the health care
professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 36(6), 284–289.