Debre Berhan University

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MSC on Motor vehicle Engineering

Seminar Title: Vortex Tube Refrigeration System For Vehicle

Proposed by: Genet Tesfaye

Id No: DBU1400558

February, 2023
DEBERE BERHAN, ETHIOPIA
 Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... i
1 Introduction /Motivation ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 What was the main problem addressed by the paper? ............................................................ 1
1.2 Why is the problem solved important? ................................................................................... 2
1.3 How will the solution be used eventually? How will this new approach save time, resources,
inconvenience, etc? ............................................................................................................................. 2
2 Related Works ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 What else has been done to solve this problem? ..................................................................... 3
2.2 How is the approach proposed in this paper different or novel? ............................................. 6
3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 7
3.1 Summarize the approach/design ................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Implementation used ..................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Assumption of the authors ............................................................................................................ 8
3.4 Design trade-offs ........................................................................................................................... 8
4 Critiques ............................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Strength of the research ................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Weakness of the research .............................................................................................................. 9
5 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 significant results ........................................................................................................................ 10
6 Discussion/Conclusion /Future work ................................................................................................. 11
6.1 Summarize the achievement ....................................................................................................... 11
6.2 Learning outcome of the seminar................................................................................................ 11
6.3 Future work ................................................................................................................................. 11
6.4 Comments on the paper .............................................................................................................. 11
References
 Abstract
Vortex tubes are now commercially used for low-temperature applications, e.g. to cool parts of
machines like engines, vehicle cabin, to cool electronic control cabinets, to chill environmental
chambers, to cool food, to test temperature sensors, and they are also applied to dehumidify
gas samples . Vortex tube is a simple device with no moving parts. It separates inlet high
pressure stream of air into two lower pressure streams of cooler temperature at one end and
hotter temperature at other end. It is basically of counter flow type and parallel flow type. It
has many advantages and wide range of applications, mostly using counter flow owing to better
performance than uni flow. Most of the applications reflect the benefits in terms of
performance, energy, compactness or as an alternative to the conventional method. Vortex air
coolers are preferred for different industrial applications. The personal air suit uses vortex tube
to allow workers to work under adverse conditions for longer hours. Modern tool tips are
already capable of maintaining their cutting edge at higher temperatures, but even with these
improvements in tool materials, the cutting edge will eventually break down. Applying cold
air to the tool interface of these modern tool tips will also extend their tool life reducing the
cost of metal cutting. Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines
and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines.

Key words: Vortex tube; counter flow; uni-flow; air separators

I
 1 Introduction /Motivation
Nowadays application of the thermal device called vortex tube in automobiles to initiate
cold starting condition of engine by preheating the air (i.e hot stream) and cooling of engine by
using in place of refrigerant which affect the environment in different manner (cooled stream).

Refrigerants applied to vehicle air conditioning is toxic, cost, and affects the ozone layer.
Research is going on alternate air conditioning system in automobiles. Vortex tube is a cooling
and heating device, to produce cold air and hot air from the source of compressed air without
affecting the environment.

Vortex tube is applied to recover waste energy. This can be done by increasing process
efficiency and reducing losses but waste energy below a certain level is unavoidable and thus
various techniques are employed for recovery of this waste energy. The technique that should
be applied to recover waste heat and pressure energy depends upon the pressure, temperature
and quantity of the source and the type of fluid exhausted. Methods for waste heat and pressure
recovery include transferring heat between gases and liquids, transferring heat to the load
entering furnaces, generating mechanical and/or electrical power, or using waste heat with a
heat pump for heating or cooling facilities.[1]

The vortex tube is an ingenious thermal device, which can divide the compressed air into a
low temperature region and a high one without any moving mechanical components. The
vortex tube effect was firstly observed by Ranque, a French metallurgist, who presented a
report on the vortex tube effects at an academic conference in 1933. Unfortunately, their
research investigation was not accepted by the scientific community. The researches on the
vortex tube were shelved for several years until an experimental test result of vortex tube was
published by the German engineer Hilsch. In 1947, Hilsch delivered a comprehensive study on
the vortex tube. Their study not only explained the working principle of the vortex tube effects,
but also discussed the factors which have impact on the energy separation efficiency in detail.
In memory of the two founding scientists, the vortex tube is also known as the Hilsch Vortex
Tube (HVT), Ranque Vortex Tube (RVT), Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube (RHVT).[2]

1.1 What was the main problem addressed by the paper?

Wastage of energy to the environment, large number of industrial processes produce waste heat
energy. Like cooling water from engines, compressors, furnace doors, etc.

The refrigerant R134a used in existing air conditioning system in automobiles is toxic, cost,
and affects the ozone layer.

Since refrigerants applied to vehicle air conditioning systems exacerbate global warming, many
studies have been conducted to supplement them.

Engine starting in vehicle in low or takes time, and vehicle cabin temperature increase.

Currently used refrigerant in vehicle air conditioning system is expensive, so researches are go
to find out less costy refrigerating device like vortex tube.

1
1.2 Why is the problem solved important?
Because in order to solve the problem of existing refrigerant, research is going on alternate
air conditioning system in automobiles. That is Vortex tube it is a cooling device, to produce
cold air and hot air from the source of compressed air without affecting the environment. The
other problem addressed by the paper is to recover the waste energy in automobiles that are
waste energy from engine exhaust can be reuse by using vortex tube device this gives hot
stream this is used to pre-heat air interring engine this increase cold starting and gives cold
stream this is used to cool engine this increase engine life, reduce engine knock and possible
to construct an eco-friendly system that does not use a refrigerant, on the other hand this reduce
cost because vortex tube is less costy.

1.3 How will the solution be used eventually? How will this new approach
save time, resources, inconvenience, etc?
Most studies have attempted to maximize the efficiency and minimize the environmental
impact of the refrigerant, and thus, an air conditioning system without refrigerant is required.
The vortex tube is a temperature separation system capable of separating air at low and high
temperatures using compressed air. When applied to an air conditioning system, it is possible
to construct an eco-friendly system that does not use a refrigerant.

Using vortex tube for different applications like there is no leakage problem as it uses only air
as the refrigerant; no spark and explosion hazard; it is simple in design and needs only control
of valves for appropriate functioning as it has no moving parts; light in weight and portable;
requires less space; highly reliable; virtually maintenance free; initial cost is low and at places
where compressed air is readily available working expenses are also low. It also does not
require expertise attention and has wide variety of applications both for cooling as well as
heating.

2
 2 Related Works
2.1 What else has been done to solve this problem?
Zhuohuan Hu, Rui, etal [2], the review mainly focuses on three aspects, they are the energy
separation principle, the design criteria of vortex tubes, and practical application. First, the
research progress on the energy separation principle of the vortex tube from several aspects has
been introduced, such as friction, pressure gradient, acoustic streaming, secondary circulation
and multi-circulation theory. In addition, the control factors that affecting the performance of
the vortex tube were summarized. Furthermore, due to its simple structure, safety and stability,
the vortex tube is widely used in the field of refrigerating and heating, mixture separation. This
survey, while extensive cannot cover all papers, some selection is necessary. The purpose of
this review aims to summarize the important works of literature on the energy separation of
vortex tube as well as identify limitations to existing studies and directions for future research.

Younghyeon Kim, Seokyeon Im. etal [3], conducted various temperature changes and
characteristics of a vortex tube were identified and applied to an air conditioning system
simulation device. Additionally, an air conditioning system simulation device using indirect
heat exchange and direct heat exchange methods was constructed to test the low-temperature
air flow rate (yc), according to the temperature and pressure. As a result of the experiment, the
temperature of the indirect heat exchange method was found to be higher than the direct heat
exchange method, but the direct heat exchange method had low flow resistance. As a result,
the direct heat exchange method can easily control the temperature according to the pressure
and the low-temperature air flow rate (yc). Therefore, it was judged that the direct heat
exchange method is more feasible for use in air conditioning systems than the indirect heat
exchange method.

B. Sreenivasa, Kumar Reddy, etal [4], Research is going on alternate air conditioning system
in automobiles. Vortex tube is a cooling device, to produce cold air and hot air from the source
of compressed air without affecting the environment. Air is supplied in to vortex tube at various
pressures to get the required comfort air temperatures. The comparison of the fuel consumption
at full load conditions with the Vapour Compression Refrigeration System to the Vortex Tube
Refrigeration System. Finally observed that the compressed air used in Vortex Tube
Refrigeration System is nontoxic, zero ozone depletion, zero global warming potential,
inflammable and free of cost and also the operating and running cost per ton of refrigeration is
less when compare with the existing air conditioning system used in automobiles.

T. Bornare, A. Badgujar, etal [5], an experimental investigation is to be performed in order

to realize the behaviour of a vortex tube system. In this work attention has to be focused on the
classification of the parameters affecting vortex tube operation. The effective parameters are
divided into two different types, namely geometrical and thermo-physical ones. A reliable test
rig is to be designed and constructed to investigate the effect of geometrical parameters i.e.
diameter and length of main tube, diameter of outlet orifice, shape of entrance nozzle. Thermo
physical parameters are inlet gas pressure, type of gas, cold gas mass ratio and moisture of inlet
gas.

3
Upendra Sharan Gupta, Abhinav Kosta, etal [6], the main objective is to create a
Refrigeration system in Low Commercial Vehicles without using air conditioner. The
refrigerants used in VCRS have ozone depleting potential (ODP) and global warming potential
(GWP) and are toxic. Leakage of the refrigerant during accidents is also a problem causing
deaths due to its inhalation. The high pressure created in the air compressor, which is run
through engine shaft, is used as inlet to a vortex tube which is placed inside the vehicle cabin.
The cold air from the vortex tube is used to cool the vehicle cabin and the hot air is exhausted
to atmosphere. The result is a drop of 13 degrees at the vortex tube cold outlet. The cooling
load & heating load comes out to be 8874.58 Watts & 7086 Watts. It’s a cooling system which
doesn’t use the Freon utilizing system. The societal impact of the project is the absence of a
Freon consuming cooling system. Thus, it will help in reducing the ozone depletion and global
warming.

A. Celik, M. Yilmaz, etal [7], investigates the emissions of a 6-cylinder direct injection (DI)
diesel engine with vortex tube for cold start conditions. Four ambient temperatures: 5 °C, −3
°C, 0 °C and 4 oC were considered. The compressed air required to operate the vortex tube was
supplied from compressed air cylinders from pneumatic brake system components located in
heavy vehicles. The air from the compressed air tanks entered the vortex tube and the vortex
emerged from the tube as hot and cold air. The hot air from the vortex tube was mixed with the
intake air in the intake manifold to make the intake air hotter. Emissions analysis was conducted
for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter
(PM). Exhaust emission characteristics for the engine with vortex tube and without vortex tube
were obtained and the results were compared with each other. The cold starting performance
and fuel consumption of the diesel engine could be improved by using vortex tubes. The use
of the vortex tube increased the intake air temperature, which decreased durations of engine
starting–cranking, cranking–idling, and idling–stabling and reduced the fuel consumption. CO
and PM emissions decreased, but HC and NOx emissions increased by using vortex tube.

Adem Celik, Mehmet Yilmaz, etal [8], the aim of this study is to improve diesel engine
startability under low temperatures by vortex tubes. A vortex tube was used to increase the
intake air temperature in a six cylinders, four stroke and direct injection diesel engine of a truck.
The hot air obtained from the hot outlet of the vortex tube was mixed with the air coming from
the inlet of the intake manifold and the warmer air was sent to the cylinders. The compressed
air required for the operation of the vortex tube was provided from the air tank of the
compressed-air brake system of the truck. The effects of variation in ambient temperature on
the engine cranking speed and in-cylinder pressure were analyzed and presented. Experiments
were conducted for ambient air temperatures of −5, 0 and +4 ◦C. It was found that the reduction
in ambient temperature resulted in prolonged cranking periods along with the longer time taken
to reach idling speed as well as increased combustion instability for the engine without vortex
tube. The use of the vortex tube increased the intake air temperature, which decreased durations
of engine starting–cranking, cranking–idling, and idling–stabling. These results indicate that
the cold starting performance of the diesel engine could be improved by using vortex tubes.

4
Muhammad Abdul Qyyuma,1 , Adnan Aslam Noonb,1 , etal [9], A numerical study was
conducted to test the performance of a vortex tube based on the experimental work of Skye et
al. (Skye et al., 2006), which contains different control-valve shapes. The following results
were obtained. Among the different control-valve shapes, the truncated cone control valve
gives the highest cold-temperature difference ΔTc for the cold exit and hence the highest
cooling capacity. The highest ΔTc is 45.17 K for ψ = 1.76 mm and w = 5.04 mm (truncated
cone control valve) at a cold mass fraction of approximately 0.26, which is higher than that of
ψ = 0 mm and w = 0 mm (cone control valve), by approximately 36.23%. The cold-temperature
difference can be improved by increasing the nozzle inlet pressure. A maximum absolute error
of 5.23% was found between the numerical and measured values for the cold-temperature
difference for a 2D and 2.3% for a 3D case respectively.  This shape optimization technique
will be implemented for the CFD modelling and analysis of an N2-based vortex tube
corresponding to the energy-efficiency enhancement of an N2-based liquefaction process for
LNG production.

Seyed Ehsan Rafiee* and M. M. Sadeghiazad [10], In this operational study, the separation
process inside a Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube cleaning (cooling) system is investigated to
analyse the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating
gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. 3D CFD model was
improved by investigating thermal and gas separation inside a vortex tube air separator, with
the aim of developing a predictive tool. The developed 3D numerical model is restricted by the
following considerations: (a) the operating fluid properties are constant; (b) the flow field
regime is assumed to be fully turbulent; (c) and the steady-state condition is considered. A
commercial code (Fluent 6.3.26) was employed to simulate turbulent patterns inside the air
separator. The standard k–ε turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations,
and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation
rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) creates the
greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by
good agreement with available experimental data. A comparison between the present numerical
results and the available measured experimental data revealed good and reliable agreement.

Danilo Carreira Itao, Silvio de Oliveira Jr [11], Studded the adaptation of vortex tube for
the application in automotive air conditioning systems, was executed with the addition of an
air compression system that can reutilize the movement of the vehicle axle during the braking
process, storing air compressed for future use. Moreover, it was foreseen the operation of the
air compressor with kinetic energy proceeding from the internal combustion engine. This
happens when there is not any possibility for the regenerative system operation. Such
configuration philosophy, allows the possibility of the vortex tube operation, even in the
condition of engine off. In this case, the system operates until the air reservoir reach’s a
minimum operation pressure. Based on sizing data of conventional air conditioning systems
for passenger vehicles, it was obtained a necessary thermal load, equivalent a 1.6 TR. Utilizing
the data of a cold air flow of 0.090 m3 /s and a temperature difference of 28K, it was executed
a first-sizing of the operation pressure and of the cold air ratio (important variables for the
vortex tube performance). The results shown a minimum air compression power consumption,

5
when using a cold air flow ratio of 51% and an operation pressure of 138 kPa. The results had
shown that a low operation pressure of the vortex tube, even with the necessity of the increasing
in the compressed air flow supplying, makes possible the necessity of a lower compression
power (8.6 kW). Finally, it is concluded that the application of the system studied in this work,
shows more viability to commercial vehicle application, due the bigger available space and
greater displacement mass, allowing a greater energy regeneration potential. For light vehicles
it is impracticable due the available space, system component weight and minor energy
regeneration potential.

2.2 How is the approach proposed in this paper different or novel?

Vortex tube is a thermal device gives to two streams; that are the cold stream and hot stream
which is utilised for a vehicle. The cold stream to cool the engine, however this lead to decrease
engine knocking and prevent overheating of engine. The hot stream to heat the incoming air
(or inlet air) this increase engine starting time. Using vortex tube recover energy for different
applications like there is no leakage problem as it uses only air as the refrigerant; no spark.

6
 3 Methodology
3.1 Summarize the approach/design
Different researcher goes through different design approach to reach their objective. The
following are discussed some of the researcher approach.

Adem Celika, Mehmet Yilmaz, Omer Faruk Yildiz, A vortex tube was used to improve the
cold start performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a six-cylinder, four stroke and
direct injection diesel engine of a truck. In order to increase the temperature of the air taken
into the cylinder at the intake stroke, the hot outlet of the vortex tube was connected to the
intake manifold of the engine. The experimental setup, which mainly includes a diesel engine,
a vortex tube, a data acquisition system, and emission measurement system used for
experimental setup and the test equipment used for this study are described.

Seyed Ehsan Rafiezade and M. M. Sadeghia, a 3D CFD model was improved by investigating
thermal and gas separation inside a vortex tube air separator, which proves that the 3D CFD
model is an accurate and reliable model for use in predicting the thermal performance of the
vortex tube air separator. This numerical model is then used to analyse and predict energy and
gas separation inside the air separator using other operating gases, including NO2, CO2, N2,
and O2.

Muhammad Abdul Qyyuma, Adnan Aslam Noonb, etal, a steady-state computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) model with the standard k- turbulence was used to solve the hydrodynamics
of the highly compressible, turbulent, and swirling flow within the vortex tube. Velocity
streamlines and temperature distributions of the separated air stream were obtained for different
control valve shapes located at a hot end. The CFD results showed the effects of the control
valve shape, cone valve geometry, and nozzle inlet pressures on the vortex tube performance.

Danilo Carreira Itao, Silvio de Oliveira Jr, When the operation of the air conditioning system,
in occasions where it does not have energetic regeneration, the vortex tube will consume the
compressed air of the pneumatic accumulator. Naturally, the consumption of air will lead to
the emptying of the pneumatic accumulator, causing a pressure drop of the same. In this in
case, the compressor must receive kinetic energy from the vehicle engine, inevitably resulting
in an additional fuel consumption. In order to assist the system operation in these modes, it is
necessary the addition of sensors and modules with the existing system.

Younghyeon Kim, Seokyeon Im, and Jaeyoung Han, various temperature changes and
characteristics of a vortex tube were identified and applied to an air conditioning system
simulation device. Additionally, an air conditioning system simulation device using indirect
heat exchange and direct heat exchange methods was constructed to test the low-temperature
air flow rate (yc), according to the temperature and pressure.

Upendra Sharan Gupta, Abhinav Kosta, Abhishek Pahwa, to run the system some power from
the vehicle engine shaft is diverted by a pulley arrangement to run an air compressor. The high
pressure created in the air compressor is used as inlet to a vortex tube which is placed inside

7
the vehicle cabin. The cold air from the vortex tube is used to cool the vehicle cabin and the
hot air is exhausted to atmosphere.

The other researcher approach mainly focus testing of vortex tube refrigeration system by using
in place refrigerant to cool the vehicle compartment to reduce the risks that comes from
refrigerant by using compressed air as a working fluid.

3.2 Implementation used

Different researcher used different approach to describe application of vortex tube refrigeration
system. Some of them are in place of refrigerant use vortex tube to cool vehicle compartment,
this can be done by installing the tube inside vehicle cabin and some of them are use hot stream
to heat inlet air, this can be done install hot side of the tube to intake manifold. Different
implementation are used for the thermal performance of air separator for cold and hot exhaust
temperatures is analysed, and the cold and hot power separation rates are predicted numerically

3.3 Assumption of the authors

Muhammad Abdul Qyyuma, Adnan Aslam Noonb, etal, the standard k-ε turbulence model is
appropriate for the rotating and swirling flows inside the vortex tube.

Seyed Ehsan Rafiezade and M. M. Sadeghia, assume by taking different operation gas to
investigated and analyse the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance;
the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Select
the best gas for cooling and heating a special zone.

B.Sreenivasa Kumar Reddy, Prof. K.Govindarajulu, assume to use alternate air conditioning
system in automobiles. That is Vortex tube is a cooling device, to produce cold air and hot air
from the source of compressed air without affecting the environment. Reciprocating air
compressor run by the vehicle engine shaft, the developed air is stored in storage tank which is
set up in back side of the vehicle this stored air is supplied in to vortex tube at various pressures
to get the required comfort air temperatures.

3.4 Design trade-offs

Researchers are used vertex tube to cool and to heat the system inside the vehicle and check
their performance of cooling and heating by checking with different software like; CFD; Solid
work and so on and done experimental and numerical investigations.

8
 4 Critiques
4.1 Strength of the research
Researchers goes through different findings on refrigeration system and heating of inlet air
provides better solution in vehicles.

The exost gas from the engine is reused this lead to decrease in environmental pollution and
recover the energy (energy that is dissipated to the environment) by using as an input to vortex
tube.

Using vortex tube in place of refrigerant global warming and Ozone depletion can be reduced
and passengers feel comfortable inside the vehicle because of absence of leakage in case of
vertex tube.

Vortex tube Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are
widely used in vehicles with large engines.

Vortex tube increased the intake air temperature, which decreased durations of engine starting–
cranking, cranking– idling, and idling–stabling and reduced the fuel consumption. These
results indicated that the cold starting performance and fuel consumption of the diesel engine
could be improved by using vortex tubes.

4.2 Weakness of the research

Most of the Researchers goes mainly to find refrigeration effect of vortex tube (cooling effect)
inside the vehicle and some of them are goes to find out heating of inlet air. No research work
can be done by combining cooling as well as heating effect.

The cold air from the vortex tube is used to cool the vehicle cabin and the hot air is exhausted
to atmosphere. This lead to increase in global warming.

Some of the research was done by taking hot stream to heat vehicle cabin and to heat inlet air,
but not telling where the cold stream where going or where it is used.

9
5 Results

5.1 significant results

Upendra Sharan Gupta, Abhinav Kosta, etal, by installing the Vortex Tube Refrigeration
System without refrigerant in LCV to get the required cooling conditions, the air temperature
at the outlet of vortex tube is 17oC.

Younghyeon Kim, Seokyeon Im, and Jaeyoung Han, The temperature difference between the
indirect heat exchange method and the direct heat exchange method showed a maximum value
of about 4◦C in the high-temperature region; the temperature difference in the low-temperature
region was insignificant. Although the indirect heat exchange method looks slightly better
when comparing the time to reach normal temperature, the indirect heat exchange method takes
about four times longer than the direct heat exchange method, and the direct heat exchange
method seems to have an excellent reaction speed.

B.Sreenivasa Kumar Reddy, Prof. K.Govindarajulu,, Energy consumption per ton of

refrigeration in Vortex Refrigeration System is 4 h.p, whereas energy consumption per ton of
refrigeration to run Vapor Compression Refrigeration System in vehicle is 6 h.p. So Vortex
Refrigeration System is economical.

Danilo Carreira Itao, Silvio de Oliveira Jr, The results shown a minimum air compression
power consumption, when using a cold air flow ratio of 51% and an operation pressure of (138
kPa). The vortex tube, even with the necessity of the increasing in the compressed air flow
supplying, makes possible the necessity of a lower compression power (8.6 kW).

Seyed Ehsan Rafiezade and M. M. Sadeghia, It appears the molar mass of the mentioned air
(N2, O2, CO2, and NO2) has a very important role in the energy separation process inside the
vortex tube, and a higher molar mass value leads to the higher rate of energy separation. For
example, NO2 has the highest molar mass (46 g/mol) and creates the maximum cooling and
heating power separation, followed by CO2 with a molar mass value of 44.01 g/mol, and then
O2 and N2 with molar mass values of 31.99 and 28.01 g/mol, respectively. Our study found
that NO2 is the best choice for cooling or heating a special zone by the means of the vortex
tube air separator, and it creates colder and warmer streams simultaneously to produce the
maximum cooling and heating performance in comparison with the use of other gases.

Muhammad Abdul Qyyuma, Adnan Aslam Noonb, etal, truncated con control valve with an
optimized geometry was found to be the best choice for thermal performance enhancement of
the VT. The CFD results were validated with experimental data, and the difference in the cold
temperatures between the numerical and experimental values were less than 5.23% for the 2D
and 2.3% for the 3D vortex tube models.

10
 6 Discussion/Conclusion /Future work
6.1 Summarize the achievement
Vortex tube gives two stream of air that are cold stream and hot stream, the cold stream used
to cool engine and vehicle cabin and hot stream used to heat incoming (inlet) air to the intake
manifold. In general refrigeration system in automobile is best suited by installing vortex tube
without refrigerant. This completely done refrigeration system without any pollution by avoid
drawbacks came from using refrigerant for cooling system. Vortex tube is less costy and use
air as a working fluid and occupy less space.

6.2 Learning outcome of the seminar

From this seminar I’m learn working principle of vortex tube and its outcome of cold and hot
streams their functions. By installing vortex tube used to re-use the exost energy and by using
vortex tube two functions are achieved inside the vehicle this lead to reduce overall weight of
vehicle and this lead to reduce fuel consumption. I’m learn how to review seminar; different
simulation and design techniques for my future work.

6.3 Future work

Most research work can be done on single function of vortex tube, that are for cooling only or
heating only in vehicle. In the future I’m done design and simulation of vortex tube in vehicle
to do the cold stream to cool the engine and hot stream to heat inlet air.

6.4 Comments on the paper

In the literature review on vortex tube refrigeration system for vehicle can be done with
experimental test, simulation using different software, numerical analysis can be done for a
single function of the vortex tube. That is for cooling only or for heating only, and cooling and
heating limit is not clearly mentioned, that is when cooling is finished off and when heating is
finished off, tells cooling and heating of the vortex tube.

11
 References
[1] U. Sharan Gupta, A. Chaturvedi, N. Patel, N. Kumar Pandey, and N. Patel, “‘A review on vortex
tube refrigeration and Applications.’”

[2] Z. Hu, R. Li, X. Yang, M. Yang, R. Day, and H. Wu, “Energy separation for Ranque-Hilsch vortex
tube: A short review,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 19, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100559.

[3] Y. Kim, S. Im, and J. Han, “Air Conditioning System Using Vortex Tube,” pp. 1–23, 2020.

[4] B. Sreenivasa Kumar Reddy and K. Govindarajulu, “Air cooling in automobiles using vortex
tube refrigeration system,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 592–594, pp. 1408–1412, 2014, doi:
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.1408.

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[6] U. Sharan Gupta, A. Chaturvedi, N. Patel, N. Kumar Pandey, and N. Patel, “‘A review on vortex
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[7] A. Celik, M. Yilmaz, and O. F. Yildiz, “Effects of vortex tube on exhaust emissions during cold
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[8] A. Celik, M. Yilmaz, and O. F. Yildiz, “Improvement of diesel engine startability under low
temperatures by vortex tubes,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 17–27, 2020, doi:
10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.027.

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