Bab 4: Kesihatan Manusia Chapter 4: Human Health

4.1: Penyakit berjangkit dan tidak berjangkit 4.1 Infectious and non-infectious disease
Definisi Definition of disease:

Disease can by classified into 2 types:

Jenis penyakit Berjangkit Tidak berjangkit

Types of disease Infectious Non-infectious
Sebab
Causes

Contoh
Example

Definisi
Definition

Bagaimanakah Penyakit Berjangkit Disebarkan? How are infectious disease spread?

- DIsebar melalui _____________ - Spread through ______________.

- Contoh: - Examples:
o Virus o Virus
o Bakteria o Some bacteria
o Protozoa o Protozoa
o Kulat o Fungi
o Cacing o Worms

Penyakit bawaan udara

Airborne Disease
1. Jangkitan titisan 1. Droplet transmission

2. Jangkitan Habuk 2. Dust transmission

Cara mengelak Ways to prevent

Penyakit bawaan air

Waterborne disease
Definisi Defination

Disebabkan: Caused by:

Cara mengelak Ways to prevent

 Melalui sentuhan
Through contact

Melalui vector
Through vector
Definisi: Definition
 Penyakit Gejala Patogen Vektor Cara jangkitan
Disease Symptoms Pathogens Vectors Way of infection

Bagaimanakah Vektor Menyebarkan Penyakit?

How does it spread?
Nyamuk Lalat
Mosquito Fly
 Mekanisme Menghalang Penularan Penyakit Berjangkit
The Mechanism to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Peringkat primer
Primary stage (Prevention stage)

Peringkat sekunder
Secondary stage (Detecting)

Peringkat tertier
Tertiary stage (Destroying and protection)
4.2 Pertahanan Badan
4.2 Body Defence

Mekanisme pertahanan tidak spesifik:

Non-specific body defence mechanism
Barisan pertahanan pertama
First Line of defense

Kegunaan:
Use:
Bahagian
Parts:
Kulit Membran mukus
Skin Mucous membrane

Barisan pertahanan kedua

Second Line of defense
Kegunaan:
Use:

Bahagian
Parts:
1. Operasi fagositosis
Phagocytosis

Barisan pertahanan ketiga (Mekanisme pertahanan spesifik)

Third Line of defense (specific body defence mechanism )

Kegunaan:
Use:
Bahagian
Parts:
1. Sistem keimunan badan
Body immune system

Kepentingan imunisasi
Importance of Immunisation:
Definisi imunisasi Definition of Immunisation:
Definisi vaksin Definition of Vaccine:

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keperluan Kalori

Types of immunity

1. Imuniti Pasif
1. Passive immunity

Definisi
Definition:

Semula jadi
Natural

Buatan
Artificial
2. Imuniti Aktif
2. Active Immunity

Definisi:
Definition:

Semula Jadi
Natural

Buatan
Artificial