IM-Green Terramesh ENG - Rev.06 - 13062022

GREEN TERRAMESH INSTALLATION MANUAL
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
GREEN TERRAMESH
INSTALLATION MANUAL
AUTHOR: MACCAFERRI (REFERRED TO OFFICINE MACCAFERRI S.p.A.)
6 13/06/2022 DT BU Technical Specialist Corp. DT Sector Specialist DT BU Technical Manager

G. Brocca P. Di Pietro M. Vicari
REV. DATE PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY
Rev. Date DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS SINCE THE LAST VERSION

1 10/04/2017 ETA Certification; Construction site management; Placement of structural fill; Tolerances
2 01/10/2018 English check; Improvements in Installation in corners and curves;
3 24/07/2019 Ties positioning; Shaping of units at corners
4 01/03/2020 Improvements in geogrid placement (par. 4.3) and topsoil installation (par. 4.8)
5 13/11/2020 Added geometrical values for correct alignments (par. 4.2)
6 13/06/2022 Added details on how to fix the top return of the last row (par 4.4)
Added Green Terramesh Duo (par 4.10)
The information contained in this Manual is subject to change by MACCAFERRI without prior notice Page 1
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
NOTICES AND ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................ 4

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5
2. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 6
2.1 RESPONSIBILITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 MATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING ........................................................................ 6
2.4 CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 9
2.5 REQUIRED MACHINERY FOR INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... 9
2.6 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION.......................................................................................... 9
2.7 ESTIMATED WORKING TEAM .................................................................................................................... 9
2.8 WORK TO BE DONE BY THE CONTRACTOR ........................................................................................... 9
2.9 OPTIONAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI ............................................................................ 10
2.10 MATERIALS PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI ............................................................................................. 10
3. FOUNDATION ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 FOUNDATION PREPARATION ................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 SETTING OUT ............................................................................................................................................ 12
4. GREEN TERRAMESH ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................... 13
4.1 FLATTENING THE UNITS.......................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 ASSEMBLY AND LACING THE INDIVIDUAL UNITS ................................................................................. 13
4.3 GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT (IF PRESENT) .......................................................................................... 19
4.4 PLACING THE UNITS ................................................................................................................................ 21
4.5 PLACEMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL............................................................................................... 24
4.6 COMPACTION OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL ............................................................................................ 25
4.7 BACKFILLING ............................................................................................................................................ 26
4.8 VEGETATIVE SOIL PLACEMENT ............................................................................................................. 27
4.9 HYDROSEEDING ....................................................................................................................................... 27
4.10 SPECIAL GREEN TERRAMESH UNITS: GTM DUO ............................................................................... 278
5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS ............................................................................................... 289
5.1 INSTALLATION IN CORNERS AND CURVES .......................................................................................... 29
5.2 INTERFERENCES, OBSTRUCTIONS AND FACING PENETRATIONS ................................................... 32
5.4 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DRAINAGE .................................................................................................. 35
6. CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS ............................................................................................. 37
6.1 CAUSE-EFFECTS TABLE.......................................................................................................................... 37
6.2 TOLERANCES ........................................................................................................................................... 38
7. MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................... 39
7.1 IRREGULARITIES ...................................................................................................................................... 39
7.2 CONTROLS PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ....................................................................... 39
7.3 MAINTENANCE MADE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL .............................................................................. 40
8. WORKING AT HEIGHT ........................................................................................................ 42
8.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SAFETY DEVICE (EXAMPLE) ............................................................................ 42
8.2 POSITIONING OF THE SAFETY DEVICE ................................................................................................. 45
8.3 CONSTRUCTION IN SAFETY ................................................................................................................... 46
9. INSTALLATION PRODUCTIVITY ........................................................................................ 47
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
NOTICES AND ASSUMPTIONS
MACCAFERRI (also the “Company”) supplies all components and accessories which shall be used
for construction of the GREEN TERRAMESH reinforced soil structures described in detail in the
Construction Designs approved and accepted by the Contractor.
This manual (hereinafter referred to as the “Manual”) represents a guide to the construction of Green
Terramesh and gives practical guidance for the organization and control of the related operations.
The Contractor’s personnel (site agent, foreman in charge of the works, etc..) and the Engineer’s staff
shall be aware of the contents of the manual before the delivery of the materials to site.
The Manual is addressed to the Contractor only. The content is confidential and, save as provided
below, is for discussion with, and use by, the Contractor (and no one else) and the latter shall not be
entitled to assign, transfer or charge any information and/or interest it may have in the Manual. No
other person/entity is entitled to rely on the Manual for any purpose whatsoever and MACCAFERRI
accepts no responsibility, duty or liability to any other person with respect to the contents of the
Manual.
Neither this Manual nor the data contained herein shall be reproduced, used or disclosed to anyone
without the written authorization of MACCAFERRI; in this regard the Manual should not be provided,
without our prior written specific consent, to anyone other than the Contractor and only on the basis
that it is strictly confidential; it being understood that MACCAFERRI accepts no liability to them, they
should not rely on it and they should not provide copies of it to any other person.
The instructions given in the Manual are of a general nature, and do not, therefore, exempt the
Contractor from the obligations and responsibilities for the definition and correct execution of all the
specific operations required for implementation of the project (construction sequence, loading and
unloading procedures, safety plans, etc.). In such respect, MACCAFERRI will not be liable for any
inaccuracies or omissions in the execution results and will not bear the consequences of any
connected liability. The details given in this manual do not exempt the Contractor from compliance
with the Construction Designs, Technical Specifications, Conditions of Contract provided by third
parties and safety requirements related to the site. In any case, the Manual does not replace the
Construction Designs realized by the appointed project designer.
When the structure to be installed has some special details, these will be defined in the Construction
Design drawings. In the case of ambiguities or discrepancies between the Construction Design
documents and this manual, the former documents will take priority.
If requested, MACCAFERRI will send a technician to site at the start of construction to assist the
Contractor in setting up the correct execution procedures, being understood that such activity shall
not result in an obligation for MACCAFERRI.
This installation Manual is not intended to provide to the Contractor an exhaustive summary of
guidance for the organization and control of the related operations regarding GREEN TERRAMESH.
All possible issues which may arise in connection with this Manual shall not be attributed to
MACCAFERRI.
Where the installation Manual reproduces or summarizes any information and/or description
concerning the GREEN TERRAMESH, MACCAFERRI does not accept any responsibility, duty or
liability for the truth, accuracy or completeness of such information or opinion in any way whatsoever
(including whether or not such information or opinion is misleading, by omission or otherwise).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
1. INTRODUCTION
The Green Terramesh is a reinforced soil structure with an inclined facing and functions through the
interaction between a soil with friction properties and reinforcement made of steel DT wire meshes.
The tensile forces are transferred to the reinforcement by friction. Green Terramesh is an
environmentally friendly modular system used for soil reinforcement. Green Terramesh units are
produced in compliance with CPR - Construction Product Regulation 305/2011, having CE marking
in compliance with ETA-16/0767. The management and production system is certified in compliance
with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
Fig. 1 – Green Terramesh, where h(m) is vertical height and α is inclination angle
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
2. IMPORTANT INFORMATION
2.1 RESPONSIBILITIES
The Contractor is responsible for a correct execution of the works in compliance with the Construction
Design documents, the Technical Specifications and the Contract Documents (not provided by
MACCAFERRI). In order to assist the Contractor, MACCAFERRI provides the recommendations
contained in this manual, but they in no case relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to comply
with all the current safety regulations and procedures. MACCAFERRI will not be liable for any
inaccuracies or omissions in the execution results and will not bear the consequences of any
connected liability.
The Contractor and the Client must check that the site personnel appointed for performance
of the works are in possession of a copy of this Manual and are aware of its contents.
If previously agreed with the Contractor, the Technical Representative of MACCAFERRI will be
present on site during the initial phases of the works. The Technical Representative will assist the
Contractor in planning the deliveries and will provide advice on the installation procedures
recommended for the Green Terramesh as described in this Manual. It is understood that the
Technical Representative’s assistance shall be considered as mere support to the Contractor and
shall not be binding for the latter, which shall assume all responsibility connected to installation and
execution procedures.
This Technical Representative will not be present on site for the entire duration of the works,
and shall not be considered as a substitute of the supervision and quality control staff
appointed by the Contractor and the Client.
2.2 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

Before starting any operations on site, the Contractor shall ensure that the latest version of the related
Construction Design, duly approved for Construction, is used in the construction of the structure.
The Contractor shall also carry out topographical survey checks to ensure that the structure is
constructed in the required position.
2.3 MATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING

This work shall consist of furnishing, assembling and filling of GTM with soil as specified in the contract
to the dimensions, lines and grades shown on the plans, or determined by the engineer.
Green Terramesh (GTM) units

Green Terramesh are made up of woven wire mesh unit, welded mesh panel, brackets and tie rods
and manufactured with all components mechanically connected at the production facility. Units are
delivered to site folded and compressed in bundles weighting differently according to the unit and
wire/mesh size and measuring approximately 3.1x2.1 m in plan and 0.4 m in height; type and size
determine the number of units per bundle (Fig. 2).
Ensure that the correct sizes are selected for the different structures by checking the labels attached
to each bundle.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 2 – Bundles of Green Terramesh
Ring fasteners
To increase the installation productivity, steel ring fasteners are used to connect units and to close
and secure them (Fig. 3).
The rings shall comply with EN 10223-3 and are supplied in box (1600 rings/box); these rings are
available Galmac coated for the use with the corresponding type of material or stainless steel. The
indicative amount of rings is shown in Table 1.
20 cm
Max Ring before fastening
Ring after fastening
Fig. 3 – Fastening rings
GREEN TERRAMESH RINGS
 = 60°- 65°- 70° 15-20

Table 1 – Suggested number of rings per square meter of facing
Alternatively, lacing wire can be used to interconnect the units; sufficient Galmac and polymer coated
lacing wire (2.2/3.2 mm diameter) is supplied in coils with each unit to enable assembly (Fig. 4).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 4 – Lacing wire: coil and lacing
Structural fill
Reinforced soil structures shall be made of a good quality, free draining, granular and/or selected fill.
The structural soil shall be in accordance with the geotechnical characteristics specified by the
engineer and used in the calculations. Further conditions required for structural soil are those given
in the Technical Specifications as well as from the ones given in the actual codes (EN 14475).
Vegetative soil
Vegetative soil should be sandy clay or clay like sand, with 3% to 20% of organic material. The soil
should be fertile and friable and should come from 20 cm to 30 cm depths in the field. Vegetative soil
should be free from wood and stones larger than 5 cm in maximum dimension. Placement is made to
the specified thickness and profile into the face unit.
Geogrid reinforcement (if necessary - determined by design)

Paragrid, Paralink, Paradrain and Macgrid geogrid reinforcements are supplied in rolls from 50 to 200
m long depending upon the strength of the reinforcement. The Paragrid geogrids have a width of 3.90
m and a variable weight between 90 and 150 kg, while Paralink geogrids have a width of 4.50 m and
a variable weight between 500 and 900 kg. Paradrain geogrids have a width of 3.90 m and a variable
weight between 90 and 170 kg. Macgrid geogrids have a width from 3.60 m to 5.30 m (see related
technical data sheets).
Tools
Available tools suitable for fasteners rings are shown in Figure 5: pneumatic (to be connected to a 6-
7 bar air compressor, air pipe Φ max 10 mm and max length 30 m) or manual lacing guns.
Fig. 5 – Pneumatic lacing tool
Delivery and storage of materials on job site

The Terramesh Green units are delivered to the warehouse storage or construction site. The staff of
the contractor is responsible for checking that the materials are supplied carefully in order to:
1. Ease loading and unloading operations
2. Avoid risk of damage during transportation
3. Keep the area accessible for any inspection controls
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4. Promptly report any anomaly for the acceptance of the goods.
The delivered material is labelled so that the characteristics can be read and the products can be
properly identified and used by the staff responsible for installation.
2.4 CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT

Green Terramesh installation shall be managed as earthworks. The installation productivity will
depend directly on the optimal management of the construction site. Installation includes facing,
geogrid reinforcement placing (if present) and earthworks.
The height of Terramesh Green is variable between 70 and 76 cm, the maximum thickness of soil
compaction layers shall be half unit height.
2.5 REQUIRED MACHINERY FOR INSTALLATION

 Green Terramesh units – The units can be transported by a minimum of two workers. Their
unloading from trucks shall be carried out with the help of handling equipment (mechanical
shovel, manuscopic…)
 Filling – The soil fill shall be transported by trucks and unloaded with the help of mechanical
shovels. The choice of the machinery is left to the contractor as it depends on the condition of
access to the site and the volume of soil fill. It is strictly prohibited to use the heavyweight
machinery close to the facing (within 1 m from the facing) and track vehicles in contact with
geogrid reinforcement.
 Compaction – Vibratory rollers of adequate dimensions shall be used in function of the filling
material (A1-a, A1-b, A3, A2-4 or A2-5 as per ASTM D3282). For uniformly distributed fine
sand, using non-vibrating rollers is suggested. For the compaction of the soil fill close to the
facing, within a minimum width of 1 m, lightweight compaction devices, such as vibratory
compactors and small vibratory rollers shall be used.
2.6 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION

 Equipment for topographic location
 Pliers, pincers, scissors
 Ring fasteners and lacing guns
 Safety devices
2.7 ESTIMATED WORKING TEAM

 1 foreman (responsible for installation)
 4 workers
2.8 WORK TO BE DONE BY THE CONTRACTOR

 Preparation of the construction site, including the foundation level. Replacement of the
foundation soil and installation of drainage systems, impermeable membranes, and/or
geotextiles shall be done if included in the construction drawings.
 Preparation of the laying surface for soil fill and Terramesh units
 Safety devices installation
 Unloading and stock of materials
 Installation of Green Terramesh units and soil fill
 Preparation of the systems required for the access and the maintenance of the construction
site (access roads, banks, lateral draining channels, protections against bad weather)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
2.9 OPTIONAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI

If requested, MACCAFERRI can provide the following services:
 Drawings used to obtain the BOQ for the elements required to build Green Terramesh.
 Delivery to the site of the material provided (F.O.B.), considering an unloading time, from the
arrival at site, of maximum two hours.
2.10 MATERIALS PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI

 Green Terramesh units
 Ring fasteners and lacing guns
 Paragrid, Paralink, Paradrain geogrid reinforcements (if necessary – depending on the design)
The Certificate of conformity for the above-mentioned materials are supplied by MACCAFERRI. It is,
however, the Contractor’s responsibility to check that all the materials received comply with the
Delivery Documentation and the Construction design requirements.
Any discrepancy must be recorded on the Delivery Documentation (or proof of delivery) at the
time of unloading and immediately notified to MACCAFERRI.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
3. FOUNDATION
3.1 FOUNDATION PREPARATION

 The foundation on which GTM structures are to be placed shall be levelled and graded to the
elevations as shown on the project construction drawings (Fig. 6).
 The foundation shall be dry, smooth and free from surface irregularities, loose material and
vegetation or organic material, in accordance with the project specifications.
 The foundation should be compacted to the engineering specification to ensure uniform
bearing capacity and to minimize differential settlements.
 The vegetative soil shall be stocked in proximity of the jobsite for its possible reuse during the
installation works, and for the filling of the facing area.
 To ease construction, the foundation shall be sloped at a maximum 4% gradient in the
longitudinal direction.
 In presence of backwater, or softened soil, or high organic content (this will have to be
reclaimed, for full replacement), all operations required to run off the water shall be carried
out.
 In case the laying surface is locally depressed in a way condusive to water ponding, lateral
draining channels with adequate slope should be constructed.
 Excavated material coming from the preparation of the laying surface and for the remediation
of the soil, if suitable for filling, could be used as vegetative soil.
 Excessive material will be removed and brought to landfills authorized by current regulations.
 Soil which will be reused as vegetative soil must be placed close to the job site. The storage
of this material must allow the runoff of water and must prevent adverse conditions to health
and public safety.
 Provisional excavations for the execution of the foundation plan must be made in accordance
to the project specifications.
Fig. 6 – GTM foundation: levelling
Note: The assessment of the foundation soil and its bearing capacity is within the Construction
Manager’s responsibility. Foundation soil which is unsuitable has to be removed and replaced with
a suitable material and compacted in accordance with the Construction Manager. Monitoring and
evaluation of foundation soil are essential.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
3.2 SETTING OUT
Points marked should be the start of the wall, end of wall and any internal/external angle changes or
steps. Points required to be marked out must be at the front of the toe wall i.e. front base of wall at
top of foundation level (Fig. 7).
Fig. 7 – GTM setting out
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4. GREEN TERRAMESH ASSEMBLY
4.1 FLATTENING THE UNITS

Workers shall ensure to have a safe open level area adequate for opening the units. Each unit will be
taken from the bundle, opened, unfolded and pressed out to the original shape (Fig. 8)
Fig. 8 - Opening and flattening of GTM to restore the original correct shape
4.2 ASSEMBLY AND LACING THE INDIVIDUAL UNITS

Open and unfold each unit of GTM, and stretch the wire mesh panel to get a smooth and flat unit free
of kinks. Front section shall be lifted up and all the components shall be placed and fastened together
in order to give the required slope angle as per design specification.
Front side
Fig. 9 – Opening and unfolding of GTM units
To assemble and connect all the elements, pneumatic or manual lacing gun, C rings, compressor
system (6-8 bar) will be required as an alternative to lacing wire.
Two adjacent GTM units shall be connected with rings with maximum spacing of 200 mm (Fig. 12),
in order to guarantee a homogenous soil reinforced structure.
Further details on the installation are shown at Figures 10-18.
Green Terramesh® units can be assembled on the jobsite with variable slope angles:
70° - vertical spacing 0.76 m (5 meshes facing) or 0.61 m (4 meshes facing)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
The following table allows for a quick check on the correct installation of the units, by providing the
fundamental geometrical H, L and S values for the different units:
GEOMETRICAL VALUES TO CHECK THE CORRECT SPACING

AND INCLINATION OF THE INSTALLED UNITS
Vertical
Spacing H Slope Facing S Horizontal Length L
(cm) (cm)
76 70° 28
GREEN 73 65° 34
TERRAMESH 70 60° 40
58 45° 58
Each Green Terramesh® unit is provided with 2 steel triangular brackets (pre-connected at the factory
to the facing) and 4 steel ties whose function is to assure the required facing inclination.
In order to assure the required slope, the ties have to be installed on the jobsite as per the following
instructions.
The facing welded panel presents an asymmetric pattern of wires in order to allow for the installation
of the ties at the proper horizontal bar, thus assuring the required slope.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
60°
65°
70°/45°
Fig. 10a – Front view of the welded panel: Correct positioning of the connecting ties (5 meshes facing).
60°
65°
70°/45°
Fig. 10b – Front view of the welded panel: correct positioning of the connecting ties (4 meshes facing).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 11 – Control of facing slope angle
In the following figures, the ties positioning is shown for 5 meshes facing units with slope at 70°.
Fig. 12 –For each unit 3 m wide there are 2 brackets and 4 ties.
The side tie shall be installed in the position indicated by green arrow, the other 2 ties as per Fig. 10
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 13 – Stiffening of front side by rings that connect two adjacent welded mesh in order to avoid longitudinal movement
and sliding of GTM units during compaction step: 4/5 rings along the lateral edges of the units will assure the connection.
On the facing, ties have to be connected in correspondence of the welding point of the welded panel
using their U-shaped edge (Fig. 14 a) while the opposite shaped extremity shall be connected at the
transverse bar of the wire mesh base panel, by assuring to hook the tie to the closest double twist for
a stiffer connection (Fig. 14 b).
a b
c d
Fig. 14 – Detail of the hooking of the tie to the welded panel (a) and detail of the hooking of the tie to the bar of the wire
mesh base panel (b). Placement of bracket connected with welded panel (c) and wire mesh (d).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Standard inclination of GTM facing is 70°. In this case the brackets on the welded panel is
perpendicular (Fig. 15).
Fig. 15 – Bracket positioning
When the front side inclination is 65° or 60°, the same bracket used for 70° slope is rotated and it is
no longer perpendicular to the facing (the bracket is hinged to the vertical bar of the welded panel) so
that it fits the new configurations.
The procedure for a correct assembly is the following:
1) The bracket is rotated provisionally in order to support the front side.
2) The tie is hooked to the welded panel and to the bar of the wire mesh base panel.
3) The bracket is rotated definitively so that the tie is put in tension.
Facing inclination 70°
Fig. 16 – Brackets inclination
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 17 – Placing of rings by pneumatic lacing gun to connect two adjacent wire mesh tails
Fig. 18 – In presence of obstruction the DT mesh is folded back
4.3 GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT (IF PRESENT)
If the design requires the use of geogrid reinforcements in addition to the GTM units, geogrids are
arranged before the GTM units, from the front of facing up to the length required by the design. If the
geogrids are unidirectional, special attention will be given to the laying direction, the direction having
greater resistance has to be placed perpendicularly to the facing (Fig. 19).
Fig. 19.a– GTM with geogrid reinforcements
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
The roll should be unwound, and the reinforcement layers shall be cut in segments having length
according to the project requirements. Each segment shall be placed in its final position ensuring that
no slack or undulations occur in the reinforcement as it is laid. If these do occur they should be
corrected immediately before proceeding.
The run of reinforcement should be reasonably straight, and all strip elements should be flat and not
twisted. No undulations in the reinforcement should be evident.
Structural Fill in direct contact with the geogrid reinforcement should be placed and spread exclusively
perpendicularly to the direction of the resisting strips of the geogrid reinforcement. If this operation
results in some undulation of the geogrids the undulation shall be removed.
We always recommend installing the geogrids on a horizontal surface, avoiding wrinkles and vertical
steps. Furthermore, no longitudinal gaps must be left between 2 adjacent installed rolls and the edges
of the 2 grids should be placed in contact (i.e. no gaps).
a b
Fig. 19 a, b, c – Mistakes to be avoided when installing geogrids: wrinkles (a) no contact between geogrids along
longitudinal joints (b), geogrids away from the front face (c)
Note: Particular care must be taken to ensure that geogrids are installed without wrinkles.
Wooden stakes can be used to keep the geogrid flat during installation. An overlap of 15 to 20
cm between adjacent rolls has to be provided.
c)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4.4 PLACING THE UNITS
Place a number of individually laced units side by side in the required position. Care must be taken
not to damage the polymer coated wire mesh.
All GTM structures should be aligned and constructed accurately using standard engineering methods
and procedures e.g. fishing lines, dumpy levels or formwork; alignment of each layer should be done
before the units are filled, as the units are almost impossible to move afterwards.
Note: All GTM units to be laced to each other on all contact surfaces. Each GTM layer must be
securely laced to the GTM layer below.
Fig. 20 – First row of GTM ready to be laced by using wire before being filled by structural soil.
Vertical alignment of Terramesh units (staggering)

If the lacings and the Terramesh units filling are made in accordance with the requirements, non-
staggered Terramesh units have the same performance of staggered ones, from a structural point of
view. It can be stated that staggering, when realized, can only improve the monolithic behavior of the
Terramesh units.
Fig. 21 – Non staggered Terramesh units
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 22 – Staggered Terramesh units
Fig. 23 – Front view of staggered and non-staggered Terramesh units in case of variable height and sloped foundation
Offset of Terramesh units
If the lacings and the Terramesh units filling are made in accordance with the requirements, offsetting
Terramesh units will have the same performance, from a structural point of view. The offset can only
improve the vegetation growth on the facing of the Green Terramesh units since it provides further
room to the vegetation to develop plant roots. Usually, the offset between two Terramesh layers is in
the order of 2-3 cm. Furthermore, the stepped face favours rainwater penetration to keep the soil
moisturized and ease germination.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 24 – Cross sections of non-offset (above) and offset (below) Terramesh units
Last row placement and fixing
When placing the last (top) row of Green Terramesh units care should be taken ensuring the top
return of the units is fixed. This could be achieved by using the following scheme:
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4.5 PLACEMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL

The structural fill shall be made of a good quality, free draining, granular or selected fill. The
recommended soils are A1-a, A1-b, A3, A2-4 or A2-5 as per ASTM D3282; the use of other soils will
be possible only if approved by the Geotechnical Engineer
The soil shall be installed in layers approximately 30 cm thick and dumped in the middle section of
the anchor mesh panel.
Compaction shall proceed parallel to the slope face, ensuring that the compacting machine remains
at least 1 m away from the face element.
The homogeneity of the fill and the required level of compaction required shall be as per the project’s
specification.
The materials will be placed systematically in layers with a constant thickness using procedures and
equipment that will prevent segregation and sudden changes in grain size and water content.
At the end of each day's work the surface of the compacted fill should be left at a slight inclination (2
% - 4 %) away from the facing or the sloped face and sealed with a smooth compactor to ensure that
any surface water is guided away to a suitable outlet.
The loose thickness of every individual embankment layer must not be more than 50 cm.
The placing must always be carried out parallel to the outer facing.
Order of lying of structural backfill (Fig. 25, 26):
1) middle area;
2) back area;
3) near to facing (at least 1 m from the facing);
4) within 1 m from facing: light weight compaction;
A free area (50-60 cm width) for vegetative soil shall be left close to the facing.
Note: Never spread or compact the material in the reinforcement direction
Compaction
order
Compaction
sense
Width
Fig. 25 – Structural backfill lying
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 26 – Filling with structural soil.
4.6 COMPACTION OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL

Compaction shall be performed to min 95% of Standard Proctor or as indicated on the construction
drawings. Compaction may only take place after checking that the water content of the soil is the
optimum value (± 1.5%). If the water content is higher, the material must be dried by aeration. If it is
lower, it must be increased in a manner which guarantees a uniform distribution of the water within
the entire thickness of the layer.
The type, characteristics and quantity of the compaction machines, and the relevant detailed
procedure (number of passes, operating speed, frequency), must be approved in advance by the
Engineer.
Large vibratory rollers must not operate within a distance of 1 m from the faces of reinforced soil.
Within this distance only lightweight compaction plant must be used, such as vibratory compactors
and small vibratory rollers, taking care to ensure the specified density (Fig. 27, 28).
Note: It is necessary to perform a control of the alignment of the facing once the compaction is
completed. If excessive displacement of the facing appears during compaction, the current
operations shall stop right away and the reason for the problem shall be understood.
The degree of compaction shall be verified by plate bearing tests, whose frequency and acceptable
E modulus values shall be defined by the Geotechnical Engineer.
The following values, which depend upon the adopted plate bearing test procedure, are provided as
general indication:
ITALIAN PLATE BEARING TEST (CNR B.U. n°146/92)

First layer of embankment: Md > 15 MPa
Formation levels: Md > 20 MPa
BELGIAN PLATE BEARING TEST (C.R.R. – MF 40/78)

First layer of embankment: M1 ≥ 11 MPa.
Formation levels: M1 ≥ 17 MPa.
FRENCH PLATE BEARING TEST (NF P 94-117-1)

For every layer of embankment: EV2 ≥ 50 MPa and EV2 / EV1 < 2
WARNING NOTICE: In case of bulging of the front face, compaction activities must be stopped
and procedure must be changed.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 27 – Compaction of the structural backfill.
Fig. 28 – Lightweight compactors shall be used for the area close to facia (within 1.0 m)
4.7 BACKFILLING
Compaction of the backfill shall be done simultaneously at each layer of GTM (Fig. 29).
Care must be taken not to damage the geocomposite for drainage (if present) when placing and
compacting the backfill.
Fig. 29 – Backfilling
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4.8 VEGETATIVE SOIL PLACEMENT

Vegetative soil shall be placed on the back of the facing element with a thickness of approx. 50 cm.
Suitable packing density in the top soil must be achieved by using a hand steel tamper or similar (Fig.
30) in order not have voids behind the front face.
To promote rapid vegetation, special care shall be taken to ensure good quality of the topsoil placed
behind the facing.
Irrigation of the surface maybe required if dry weather conditions occur.
Fig. 30 – Light compaction of the vegetative soil
4.9 HYDROSEEDING
After the completion of the structure, hydroseeding shall be carried out on the sloped face of the
structure during the most suitable climatic period, by applying a proper mixture of seeds, bonding
agents, organic material and mulch.
For the selection of both the suitable hydroseeding’s design mix and its application period, a local
specialist should be consulted.
Generally, one or two interventions are necessary to hydroseed the vegetative soil.
Fig. 31 – Hydroseeding
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
4.10 SPECIAL GREEN TERRAMESH UNITS: GTM DUO

Green Terramesh DUO is a special double-sided unit formed by a single DT steel wire mesh panel
and a double GTM facing.
For these special units all the recommendations reported in the previous Paragraphs are valid.
Special attention should be paid to the unfold of each unit and the stretch of the wire mesh panel to
get a smooth and flat unit free of kinks, and with the appropriate distance between the two facings.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
5.1 INSTALLATION IN CORNERS AND CURVES

Curved structures create special considerations with Green Terramesh details and different
placement procedures are generally required for convex and concave curves up to an angle inward
or outward equal to 20°-30°. (Fig. 32).
As shown in figures 32 a) and b), to realize concave structures the welded and DT frontal panel of the
adjacent units are partially overlapped.
As shown in figures 32 c) and d), to realize convex structures the DT tails of the adjacent units are
partially overlapped.
EDGES PARTIALLY OVERLAPPED
c)
a) UNIT 1 UNIT 2
OVERLAPPED EDGES
OVERLAPPED EDGES
b) d)
Fig. 32 – Realization of concave and convex curves
Fig. 33 – Realization of concave and convex curves
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 34 – Realization of 90° corners
To realize structures in 90°corners a procedure is suggested and then explained visually with 3D
models in Fig. 35-36.
One unit can be installed as usual along one side, and the second can be installed perpendicularly
to the previous one, cutting partially the extremity on the joint, as shown in Fig.35.
Fig. 35 – 3D models of two GTM units in a 90° corner
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
1 1
a) b)
Fig. 36 a,b – Suggestion on how to cut GTM units in a 90° corner
The two units in Fig.36 are sketched as parallelepipeds to simplify the concept.
As explained before, the block 2 can be installed as usual. The block 1 is installed cutting the
connecting side with a triangular shape, where the inclination of the hypotenuse is the same of the
block 2 frontal panel.
It is possible to realize also structures in 45° corners, as shown in the real case of Fig. 37.
Fig. 37– Example of structure realized in a 45° corner
In this case, the panels (upper edge, welded and DT frontal panel and DT tail) shall be cut or folded
to fit with the required geometry, as per the attached sketches (Fig. 38 a,b).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 38 a,b– Suggestion on how to realize GTM units in a 45° corner
5.2 INTERFERENCES, OBSTRUCTIONS AND FACING PENETRATIONS
Interferences and obstructions can be vertical or horizontal:
Vertical obstructions are structures that are embedded in or extend vertically through the reinforced
soil mass. Examples of vertical obstructions are a catch basin, grate inlet, sign foundation, bridge
foundation, light poles, guardrail post, or culvert. Additional consideration shall be given to
obstructions that apply loads on the wall (e.g., deep foundations, overturning of signs and light poles).
Such applications may require additional reinforcement and facing support to resist the local increase
in lateral stress. Likewise, the wall may exert lateral earth pressure or vertical downdrag stress on the
obstruction due to movement of the wall, the consequences of which for the obstruction design and
performance must also be evaluated.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Horizontal obstructions are structures which are embedded in or extend horizontally through the
reinforced soil mass for a substantial length along the wall. The horizontal obstructions are commonly
due to utilities such as storm drain pipes. In some cases, pipes must penetrate the GTM facing or
pass through the filling. Penetrations through the reinforced soil and/or the facing units maybe at skew
or perpendicular angles from the facing. If a pipe must penetrate through the face of the wall, the wall
facing elements should be designed to fit around the pipe such that the facing elements are stable
and the backfill material does not spill through the wall face where it joins the obstruction.
Pipes of small dimensions (diameter < 400mm)

The steel wire mesh and welded mesh siding will be cut in order to make way for the pipe through the
siding. (fig 39)
Fig. 39– Small diameter pipes crossing through GTM
Hydraulic structures of greater dimensions

GTM facing should be shaped in such a way that the hydraulic structure fits best to the openings.
Concrete hollow precast elements should preferably have a rectangular cross section and height
which is multiple of GTM unit height.
Fig. 40 – Hydraulic crossing through GTM
Bridge abutments
In the case of bridge abutments construction, it is common that the supporting piles pass through the
reinforced soil. The steel wire mesh reinforcement must be cut around the piles (or openings should
be left waiting for the casting of the piles) and fastened to each other beyond the interferences and
obstructions.
In case of bridge abutments, it is not possible to beat the piles or drill the piles through the
reinforcement layers. (fig 40)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
SUPPORTING PILE CUTS RINGS
Fig. 40 – Supporting piles passing through the reinforced soil
Tree trenches
In case of plantation of trees at the back of the front face (at least 3 m from the facing), trenches up
to 2x2x2 m are allowed.
Safety and noise barriers

In some cases, the top edge of GTM structures may require the construction of crash or noise barriers.
Safety barriers shall be specifically designed. Construction details are provided by standards and
national annexes. Before driving the posts, the Designer must account for the damage on the
reinforcement (depending on both the size of the posts and the installation method) in order to assure
the stability of the structure.
Fig. 41 – Post supporting a noise barrier being driven through a GTM
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
5.4 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DRAINAGE
Good drainage is essential to the proper performance of Green Terramesh. There are two types of
drainage considerations, internal and external. Internal drainage considerations are related to control
of surface or subgrade water that may infiltrate the reinforced soil mass. The internal drainage of GTM
depends on the characteristics of the backfill used in the reinforced soil mass. External drainage
considerations deal with water that may flow externally over and/or around the facing taxing the
internal drainage and/or creating external erosion issues. The external drainage depends on the
location of the GTM with respect to local hydrogeological factors and generally deals with diverting
water flow away from the reinforced soil structure. Regardless of the source of the water, the cardinal
rule in the design of GTM is to remove water before it enters the zone of influence to prevent the
following:
 build-up of hydrostatic forces that increase lateral pressures,
 piping, i.e., erosion of one soil into another, which creates paths for additional water flow or
clogging of drainage aggregate, and
 external soil erosion from the toe, around the edges or at the top of the GTM.
It is recommended that adequate drainage features be required unless the engineer determines that
such features are not needed for a specific project. During a determination of the need for drainage
features, the engineer must include consideration for both subsurface (e.g., ground water, perched
water, flooding and tidal action) and surface infiltration water (e.g., rain, runoff, and snow melt).
Surface drainage is an important aspect of ensuring GTM performance and must be addressed during
design. Appropriate measures to prevent surface water from infiltrating into the backfill should be
included in the design. This typically requires coordination with designers of other project elements.
When possible, finished grading at the top of the structure should provide positive drainage to prevent
or minimize infiltration of surface water into the reinforced fill.
Fig. 42 – Overleaf drainage to prevent build-up of hydrostatic forces that increase lateral pressures
Drainage swale at top

A drainage swale is a man-made depression in the ground surface used to intercept surface water
and direct it in a controlled manner to an outlet. Drainage swale can also be used to reduce the
potential for surface water from overtopping the GTM. When a drainage swale is used, the project
civil engineer and the designer should address and detail the outlet(s) for the swale. For example, the
swale can be detailed to discharge water at the end of the structure or to low overflow points along
the GTM length. Overflow points should be detailed on the construction drawings.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 43 – Examples of Drainage Outlet
Grade at toe and ends

The final grade at the toe and ends of GTM, both as designed and as constructed, is an important
consideration for water flow conditions. Surface water flow along the toe may occur around the ends
or along the face of the structure and has the potential to erode the soil. Erosion of soil at the toe
eventually may undermine the facing units. Thus, design and construction details normally should
direct flow away from the toe of structures. This can be accomplished with site grading and with a soil
berm or slope at the toe. Erosion control details are required where water will flow adjacent to the toe.
The ends that terminate in or intercept embankment slopes should also be protected from erosion.
GTM that terminate in slopes should be adequately keyed into the slope and a swale used to divert
water away from the ends to mitigate erosion.
Fig. 44 – Soil grading at the toe to divert water away
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
6. CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS
The Green Terramesh structures must be constructed in compliance with the structural requirements
shown in the drawings, technical specification of the construction design, and in the contract
documents. The desired result is obtained through the use of high-quality materials, correct
installation procedures and careful constant supervision of the works. In case improper practices or
inacceptable deformations are observed, the necessary corrective measures must be adopted right
away to ensure that the structure is brought back to the acceptable level.
6.1 CAUSE-EFFECTS TABLE
Some of the most common and probable cause-effect relations are given in the following table.
CAUSES EFFECTS
 Foundation soil with insufficient bearing
capacity
 Foundation soil with non-uniform bearing
capacity
 Foundation soil with moisture content too high
 Foundation soil not well compacted
 Backfill material not well compacted
 Thickness of the backfill layers greater than 30
cm
 Backfill material with a moisture content higher
than the optimal value Settlements and distortions
 Backfill material with too high fines content of the structure
 Vegetative soil not properly distributed
 Vegetative soil not well compacted
 Vegetative soil with high moisture content
 Vegetative soil with too high fines content
 Compaction carried out not in parallel to the
front face
 Vegetative soil not compacted with suitable
lightweight equipments
 Excessive compaction energy
 Vehicles and construction equipments kept
within 1 m from the front face
 Fill surface not left with a slight inclination (2%

- 4%) away from the facing and not sealed at
the end of each work’s day
 Ending not properly installed, allowing
vegetative soil to escape Bulging of the front face
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
 Use of backfill material in the area close to the

front face
 Use of gravel and stones instead of vegetative
soil
 Vegetative soil excessively compacted
 Off-season hydroseeding
Lack of vegetation growth on the facing
6.2 TOLERANCES
Care should be taken to ensure that predicted construction and design life deformations will meet
specified tolerances. For Green Terramesh structures reference can be made to Table C.11 of
standard EN 14475 “Execution of special geotechnical works” taking into account the limits specified
for reinforced soil structures having wrap around with formwork as facing elements.
The values reported in Table 2 are indicative of the construction tolerances which are commonly
achieved, or the deformations which are normally withstood without any significant structural damage
or any effect on the stability of the structure.
Deformation Tolerance
Alignment ± 100 mm
Longitudinal differential settlement 5%
Compressibility ≥10 %
Table 2 – Deformation tolerances
They should be understood as follows:

alignment: local variation in comparison with a 4 m long straightedge placed in the outer plane of
the wall face.
longitudinal differential settlement: ratio ΔS / ΔL.
compressibility: ratio ΔH / H.
Fig. 45 – Alignment, foundation settlements, compressibility.

Pictures taken from EN14475; they are valid for the execution of any reinforced fill.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
7. MAINTENANCE
Analysis of detectable irregularities and relative interventions
7.1 IRREGULARITIES
Water seepage
Infiltration of significant water flows which can reach the embankment from the nearby soil.
Denting and/or facing rupture caused by impacts

Change of the outer profile of the Green Terramesh units which can occur in case of vehicle or
machinery impact against the facing of the units. These events could cause the emptying of the
vegetative soil or, in extreme cases, of the structural fill.
Fig. 46 – Emptying of the vegetative soil due to impact
Loss of fine material retainer due to fire

During this event the stability of the structure is not compromised, because the wire mesh
reinforcements are buried in the ground. Therefore, the flames cannot influence the wire mesh
reinforcements, but the vegetative soil behind the facing remains exposed with the eventuality of being
weathered by the rains.
Fig. 47 – Loss of fine material retainer due to fire. The vegetative soil behind the facing remains exposed
7.2 CONTROLS PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
Controls have to be performed after the completion of the work by qualified personnel (surveyors
and/or engineers, geologists).
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
The staff should have a maintenance manual to record the detected problems, their extents and the
expected repair costs, each time there is a control.
The controls have to be made in order to ensure the stability of the reinforced soil structure and of the
units which compose it. Typical controls are:
 Check of the Green Terramesh footing; the bottom of the reinforced soil structure has to be
intact and should not show irregularities such as settlements, distortions, deformations and
bulging of the of the front face.
 Analysis of the facing; the units composing the facing have to be intact and the filling should
not have lost its content in other parts of the structure. In particular, the connection between
the surface of the last units and the ground have to be intact.
Checks have to be done every 6-12 months and the type of control is visual.
7.3 MAINTENANCE MADE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
M1 - Water seepage
In case of infiltration of significant water flows within the embankment, it is essential to perform an
immediate intervention with microslotted pipe (drainage pipe) covered with a filtering geotextile sock
having the function of removing the water towards the outside of the Green Terramesh and direct it
outside of the structure. Similarly, it is required that the berms upstream of the reinforced soil structure
maintain a slope of at least 2% towards the outside to avoid water ponding.
M2 - Fixing units due to denting and/or facing rupture caused by impacts

In case of dent, impact of vehicles or machineries against the facing of the units, the interventions will
depend on the level of damage suffered by the facing units.
The intervention consists of:
 Cut and removal of damaged panels (welded and textile)
 Filling of the soil empties
 Installation of welded mesh panel coupled with a fine material retainer ensuring to have at
least 20 cm of overlapping on the intact facing
 Fixing of the welded mesh panel to the ground by means of steel bars having a diameter of 8
mm to ensure the proper stiffening of the facing
 Installation of DT wire mesh panel polymer coated ensuring to have at least 20 cm of
overlapping on the intact facing
 The cover panels should be connected to the nearby intact panels by means of Spenax clips
attached to the DT wire mesh or continuous lacing wire.
Fig. 48 – Maintenance interventions after dent and impact damage
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
M3 - Excavations and works in correspondence of reinforcements

In case it is necessary to carry out excavations on top of the reinforced soil structure after the
completion of the work, it is appropriate that they are carried out as far as possible outside the area
where the reinforcements are present.
If it were necessary to dig in the reinforced area, the excavation should not affect a depth greater than
one meter and in general no more than one reinforcing layer should be involved in the excavation. In
any case, before proceeding with the backfilling of the dug area it is required to check the stability of
the facing and the mode of compaction of the soil.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
8. WORKING AT HEIGHT
This paragraph can be used as a basis for the editing of Risk Assessment document, whose final
contents must be adopted country by country depending on the local regulations.
In the following paragraphs, the technical details are explained and suggestions for the safety device
used as a personnel protection are given. These devices are used in the Green Terramesh installation
to assure a high installation productivity without affecting the safety of the workers (Fig.49),
Fig. 49 – Safety device on the GTM units (example)
Under no circumstances should anyone work from the front face of the wall. An appropriate edge
protection system shall be installed; as the wall progresses in height this edge protection system
will be lifted to ensure adequate protection.
8.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SAFETY DEVICE (EXAMPLE)

The following paragraph describes a possible solution, to be verified on the basis of local regulation.
In the construction of the structure, each level must be provided of the protection device.
This protection equipment prevents the falling down of personnel and must have a minimum above
ground height of 110 cm.
Each protection device is made by:
- Steel posts of suitable length and dimensions
- num. 3 anchors to fasten the device to the GTM element
- num. 2 supports to hook the protection made by wooden plank or plastic mesh
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 50 – Detail of the device (example)
LEGEND:
0. Steel Post
1. Support for the protection system such as wooden plank or building site fencing
2. Anchors to fasten the device to the Terramesh element (welded panel)
3. Steel post that follow the GTM slope
4. Transversal steel post
The posts are put in place manually through anchors, without the need of an excavator or of
mechanical equipment.
The distance to each other is approx. 4 m.
This system must be installed when the reached height of the structure is ≥ 2 m and before laying
the next upper level.
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 51 – Detail of the safety device inserted in the GTM element (example)
Fig. 52 – Detail of the safety device with building site fencing or wooden plank (example)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
Fig. 53 – Working site view of the safety device with wooden plank or building site fencing
8.2 POSITIONING OF THE SAFETY DEVICE

The operation of installing/removing the safety device must be also done in safety and the worker has
to be fastened to an external weight support such as a concrete block or a static excavator.
Fig. 54 – Installation and removal of the safety device
Fig. 55 – Check of the safety device (worker fastened to static machinery)
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
8.3 CONSTRUCTION IN SAFETY
- two or three workers lay and install the product (included the opening of the GTM facing).
Fig. 56 – Safe installation and movement
- for the manual placement and compaction of the vegetated soil close to the facing, the worker
must be in safety.
Fig. 57 – Compaction in safety close to the facing area
- during the material handling or movement, the personnel must be on the safety side, also with
the protection device installed.
Fig. 58 – Schematic view of the safety device on working site
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
9. INSTALLATION PRODUCTIVITY
The installation productivity is highly dependent on volume, geometry and access to working area.
By making reference to a typical 5 men working team (1 foreman, 4 workers) operating 8 hours a day,
the following rates can be indicatively assumed for 5 meshes Green Terramesh units (in case of long
facing with ease of access, without considering the filling and compaction works):
Average daily yield per staff (without soil filling)

GTM spacing (m) Staff (men)
Minimum Maximum
2
0.70 / 0.73 / 0.76 5 100 m of facing 150 m2 of facing
The estimate takes into account:

 Unloading from the tracks
 Storage in order to have a stock for 5-6 working days
 Installation of GTM, without considering the structural filling
If filling and compaction of structural soil is taken into consideration, the installation productivity in
terms of m2 of facing indicatively becomes:
Average daily yield per staff (with soil filling)

GTM spacing (m) Staff (men)
Minimum Maximum
2
0.70 / 0.73 / 0.76 5 60 m 80 m2
Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022
LIMITS OF RESPONSIBILITY OF MACCAFERRI
The installation manual is realized in order to show how the various elements have to be assembled
in order to realize the Green Terramesh, it being understood that such installation manual is not
intended to provide to the Contractor an exhaustive summary of guidance for the organization and
control of the related operations relating to the construction of Green Terramesh.
The Company reserves the faculty to bring modifications, integrations or improvements to the Manual,
without that this can constitute reason to think inadequate the previous revision.
The Company declines every responsibility in case of:
 Accidents or incidents for improper use of the installation kit;

 Accidents or incidents that could happen during the installation of the elements;
 Wrong installation, lacked or wrong observance of the instructions supplied in the present
Installation Manual;
 Any modifications not authorized from Maccaferri;
 Installation done by staff not adequately trained and equipped.
and more in general, MACCAFERRI will not be liable for any inaccuracies or omissions in the
execution results and will not bear the consequences of any connected liability.
This document and the information contained cannot be copied or disclosed, entirely or in part, without
the written agreement of MACCAFERRI. The acquisition of this document does not give ownership
of it and of the information included in it.
The quality of the installation depends also from the scrupulous observance of the Installation Manual,
that it must be read before carrying out the installation of Green Terramesh.
At regard, in the construction of GREEN TERRAMESH only the geometrical configurations and the
components reported in the present Manual are admitted. Eventual variations must be preliminary
agreed in writing with MACCAFERRI. In any case, the Company will not bear the consequences of
any liability regarding the execution of GREEN TERRAMESH.
Notwithstanding the above, the Manual shall not be considered as a Construction Design and, in no
case, shall replace or substitute the technical drawing or projects approved by the relevant competent
authority. Therefore, the Manual shall be considered only as a mere support to Contractor being
understood that the latter shall be the sole responsible of the execution of Green Terramesh.
The information contained in this Manual is subject to change by MACCAFERRI. without prior notice.
MACCAFERRI. gives no warranty of any kind whatsoever, either explicitly or implicitly, with respect
to the information contained herein.
MACCAFERRI. shall not be held responsible for damages of any kind, including – without limitation
– bodily harm, injury or damage to property, in connection with handling system, installation, or
compliance or non-compliance with the instructions set forth in this Manual.

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GREEN TERRAMESH INSTALLATION MANUAL

Rev: 6, Date 13.06.2022

6 13/06/2022 DT BU Technical Specialist Corp. DT Sector Specialist DT BU Technical Manager

Rev. Date DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS SINCE THE LAST VERSION

NOTICES AND ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................ 4

NOTICES AND ASSUMPTIONS

2.2 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

2.3 MATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING

Green Terramesh (GTM) units

Fig. 2 – Bundles of Green Terramesh

Ring after fastening

Fig. 3 – Fastening rings

GREEN TERRAMESH RINGS

 = 60°- 65°- 70° 15-20

Fig. 4 – Lacing wire: coil and lacing

Geogrid reinforcement (if necessary - determined by design)

Fig. 5 – Pneumatic lacing tool

Delivery and storage of materials on job site

2.4 CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT

2.5 REQUIRED MACHINERY FOR INSTALLATION

2.6 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION

2.7 ESTIMATED WORKING TEAM

2.8 WORK TO BE DONE BY THE CONTRACTOR

2.9 OPTIONAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI

2.10 MATERIALS PROVIDED BY MACCAFERRI

3.1 FOUNDATION PREPARATION

Fig. 6 – GTM foundation: levelling

Fig. 7 – GTM setting out

4. GREEN TERRAMESH ASSEMBLY

4.1 FLATTENING THE UNITS

4.2 ASSEMBLY AND LACING THE INDIVIDUAL UNITS

Fig. 9 – Opening and unfolding of GTM units

GEOMETRICAL VALUES TO CHECK THE CORRECT SPACING

Fig. 11 – Control of facing slope angle

Fig. 15 – Bracket positioning

Facing inclination 65°

Facing inclination 60°

Fig. 16 – Brackets inclination

Fig. 18 – In presence of obstruction the DT mesh is folded back

4.3 GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT (IF PRESENT)

Fig. 19.a– GTM with geogrid reinforcements

Vertical alignment of Terramesh units (staggering)

Fig. 21 – Non staggered Terramesh units

Fig. 22 – Staggered Terramesh units

Offset of Terramesh units

Last row placement and fixing

4.5 PLACEMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL

Note: Never spread or compact the material in the reinforcement direction

Fig. 25 – Structural backfill lying

Fig. 26 – Filling with structural soil.

4.6 COMPACTION OF THE STRUCTURAL FILL

ITALIAN PLATE BEARING TEST (CNR B.U. n°146/92)

BELGIAN PLATE BEARING TEST (C.R.R. – MF 40/78)

FRENCH PLATE BEARING TEST (NF P 94-117-1)

Fig. 27 – Compaction of the structural backfill.

4.8 VEGETATIVE SOIL PLACEMENT

Fig. 30 – Light compaction of the vegetative soil

4.10 SPECIAL GREEN TERRAMESH UNITS: GTM DUO

5.1 INSTALLATION IN CORNERS AND CURVES

EDGES PARTIALLY OVERLAPPED

Fig. 32 – Realization of concave and convex curves

Fig. 33 – Realization of concave and convex curves