Negatives

- I am a teacher.
I am not a teacher.
- Ahmad works as a teacher
Ahmad does not work as a teacher.
- I can speak French.
I cannot speak French.
- Children should eat a lot of sweets.
Children should not eat a lot of sweets.
When we have verb To Be, we don’t
need an external auxiliary to form
questions and negatives.

With simple tenses, we need the

external auxiliaries:
Do, Does Present Simple

Did Past Simple

W.B. page 16
- University students study regularly.
University students do not study
regularly.
- Mona learnt how to swim.
Mona did not learn how to swim.
Modals
A modal is:

A type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express

Ability
Possibility
Obligation
Advice
Promise
 Can
- I can swim.
- I can’t speak Spanish.

- Can is used to express Ability

 Could
- My mom told me that I could speak at the age of two!
- I couldn’t go out yesterday because of the heavy rain.

- Could is the past of can when used to express ability.

 Should
- You should quit smoking.
- You shouldn’t talk like that to your grandmother.

- Should is used to give advice.

 Must
- You must fasten your belt while driving.
- You mustn’t smoke on an airplane.

- Must is used to express Obligation.

- Mustn’t is used to express Prohibition.
 Will
- I will always love you.
- I won’t betray your secret.

- One of the uses of will is to make a promise.

 - You should visiting your grandma
in the hospital.
Visiting
visit
- Thank you for the loan! I will
paid you back next week.
Paid
pay
- Modals are always followed by the
base form of the verb.