CH 8.1 - April 10 - 2023

Rotational Motion
and Equilibrium
P R E PA R E D B Y
SAMAR AL
ABDULLAH
Chapter 8 Lecture
Pearson Physics
Rotational Motion
and Equilibrium
Prepared by Samar Al Abdullah

Subject Grade Week Term Year
Physics 11 4 3 2023
Chapter 8
Rotational Motion and Equilibrium
Lesson 1
Describing Angular Motion
8.1.1 Describe the angular position of a reference line.

8.1.2 Explain how angular velocity is calculated.
Objectives
8.1.3 Explain how angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular speed are related.
Key Vocab
✓ Angular position, Radian, Average Angular Velocity, Angular Speed, Average angular
acceleration
Prior Knowledge ✓ Velocity

✓ Speed
✓ Position
Physics Teacher / Samar Al Abdullah

Chapter Contents
• Describing Angular Motion

• Rolling Motion and the Moment of Inertia
• Torque
• Static Equilibrium
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Individual Task
• You are asked to watch the videos below and answer the Lesson
check questions
Rotational Motion: Crash Course Physics #11 - Bing video
(7349) Describing Angular Motion - YouTube
Prepared by-Samar Al Abdullah

• A coordinate system with an origin is used to describe the motion

of an object moving in a straight line. The same thing is done to
describe the motion of a rotating object.
• The bicycle wheel shown in the figure below is free to rotate about
its axle.
• The axle is the axis of rotation for the wheel. As the wheel rotates,
every point on the wheel moves in a circular path centered about
the axis of rotation.

• The location of a red spot on the bicycle tire in the figure is

described by its angular position, that is, the angle θ that it makes
with a given reference line.
• The reference line defines where the angular position is zero, θ = 0.

The sign of angular position depends on its orientation relative to
the reference line.
Counterclockwise rotation from the reference line corresponds to

positive angles, θ > 0.
Clockwise rotation from the reference line corresponds to

negative angles, θ < 0.

• While common units for measuring angles are the degree () and revolution
(rev), the most convenient unit for angle measurements in scientific
calculations is the radian (rad).
• As the figure below indicates, the radian is the angle for which the length of a
circular arc is equal to the radius of the circle.

• A comparison between angles measured in degrees and in

radians is shown in the figure below. Angles are indicated around
the circumference of the circle in both degrees and radians.

• As is illustrated in the following figure, the radian is useful

because it provides a simple relationship between angles and arc
lengths.

• Multiplying the angle θ (measured in radians) by the radius gives

the arc length s: s = rθ.
• This relationship does not hold for degrees or revolutions.
• Since the arc length corresponding to the circumference of a
circle equals 2πr, it follows from the relationship s = rθ that a
complete revolution corresponds to θ = 2π radians. Therefore,
1 rev = 360 = 2π rad

• The units for angles—radians, degrees, and revolutions—are all

dimensionless. In the relation s = rθ, for example, the arc length
(s) and the radius (r) both have the SI unit of meter; hence the
angle has no dimensions.

• As the figure below indicates, as the bicycle wheel rotates, the

angular position of the spot of red paint changes.
• The angular displacement of the spot, Δθ, is defined as the

difference between its final angle and its initial angle:
Δθ = θf − θi
• The angular displacement divided by the time during which the

displacement occurs is the average angular velocity, ωav.

• Notice that ω is called the angular velocity, not the angular speed.
This is because ω can be positive or negative, depending on the
direction of rotation.
– Counterclockwise rotation corresponds to positive angular
velocity, ω > 0.
– Clockwise rotation corresponds to negative angular velocity,
ω < 0.
• The sign of ω indicates the direction of angular velocity.The

magnitude of the angular velocity is called the angular speed.

The following example illustrates how the angular velocity is calculated.

• The angular and linear velocities of an object moving in a circle

are related.
• At any instant, an object moving in a circle is also moving in a
direction tangent to the circular path.
• The object's tangential speed is equal to the circumference of the

circular path, d = 2πr, divided by the time required to complete
one circuit, t = T. This gives the following:
vt = d/t = 2πr/T = r(2π/T)
• Since 2π/T is the angular velocity ω, the tangential speed of a
rotating object may be expressed as follows:

• If the angular velocity of a rotating object increases or decreases

with time, then we say that the object has an angular acceleration.
• The average angular acceleration, αav, is the change in angular
velocity, Δω, in a given time interval, Δt.

• The sign of the angular acceleration is determined by whether the change in

angular velocity is positive or negative.
– If ω and α have the same sign, then the speed of rotation is increasing.
– If ω and α have opposite signs, then the speed of rotation is decreasing.
• These relationships are summarized in the following figure.

• The following example illustrates an application of the definition of average

angular acceleration.

Just as linear speed is equal to the radius times the
angular speed, the linear acceleration is equal to the radius
times the angular acceleration:
tangential acceleration = radius x angular acceleration
αt = rα

.
11. Counterclockwise rotation from the reference line corresponds
to positive angles
12. As a car rolls past you from right to left, the wheels of the car
rotate counterclockwise. Counterclockwise rotation corresponds to
positive angular velocity.
13. Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity.

Because the sign of the angular acceleration is opposite to the sign of
the angular velocity, we conclude that the speed of its rotation is
decreasing at this time.


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Rotational Motion

Prepared by Samar Al Abdullah

8.1.1 Describe the angular position of a reference line.

Prior Knowledge ✓ Velocity

Physics Teacher / Samar Al Abdullah

• Describing Angular Motion

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Rotational Motion: Crash Course Physics #11 - Bing video

(7349) Describing Angular Motion - YouTube

Prepared by-Samar Al Abdullah

• A coordinate system with an origin is used to describe the motion

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The location of a red spot on the bicycle tire in the figure is

• The reference line defines where the angular position is zero, θ = 0.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Counterclockwise rotation from the reference line corresponds to

Clockwise rotation from the reference line corresponds to

Physics Teacher / Samar Al Abdullah

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• A comparison between angles measured in degrees and in

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• As is illustrated in the following figure, the radian is useful

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• Multiplying the angle θ (measured in radians) by the radius gives

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The units for angles—radians, degrees, and revolutions—are all

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• As the figure below indicates, as the bicycle wheel rotates, the

• The angular displacement of the spot, Δθ, is defined as the

• The angular displacement divided by the time during which the

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The sign of ω indicates the direction of angular velocity.The

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The angular and linear velocities of an object moving in a circle

• The object's tangential speed is equal to the circumference of the

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• If the angular velocity of a rotating object increases or decreases

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The sign of the angular acceleration is determined by whether the change in

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The following example illustrates an application of the definition of average

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

tangential acceleration = radius x angular acceleration

Physics Teacher / Samar Al Abdullah

13. Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity.

Physics Teacher / Samar Al Abdullah

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