Advert from David Ruggles (early black bookstore owner), Underground Railroad, anti-slavery Activist -

Newspapers.com. (1834, June 21). Newspapers.com.

https://www.newspapers.com/article/34575937/advert_from_david_ruggles_early_black/

Advert regarding the opening of Ruggles led anti-slavery organizations

“The Anglo-African Magazine Two Reports on the Pursuit of Equal Educational Opportunity for African

Children in New York and California.” nationalhumanitiescenter.org, 1859,

www.scribbr.com/citation/generator/folders/6A4XV5v3mtEELD31WOWZ4k/lists/6xHJtkbvzNI4gJ9

lt4xqnL/cite/webpage.

Two 1859 reports published in the Anglo-African Magazine in order to improve the conditions of

“colored” schools in New York and California

“The Act of Incorporation, and Constitution of the New York Society, for Promoting the Manumission of

Slaves, and Protecting Such of Them as Have Been, or May Be Liberated.” NYPL Digital

Collections, digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-f83c-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

“An Address Delivered in the African Episcopal Church, on the 25th March, 1811, Before the New York

African Society for Mutual Relief: Being the First Anniversary of Its Incorporation.” NYPL Digital

Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/92f9c1eb-be68-58e6-e040-e00a180616c9#/?uuid=92f9c1eb-be6

b-58e6-e040-e00a180616c9.

An address delivered in the African Episcopal church, on the 25th March, 1811, before the New

York African Society for Mutual Relief. A includes the writings of William Hamilton, John Teasman,

Henry Sipkins, and more.

“‘The African Civilization Society: Its Aims and Objects.’” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/557eff60-8a31-0133-e7e7-00505686a51c.

A typed up version of the Constitution of the African Civilization Society.

Black Activists of 19th Century NYC. (n.d.). Museum of the City of New York.

https://www.mcny.org/black-activists-19th-century-nyc

Secondary information of the history of David Ruggles and Elizabeth Jennings Graham
Black Gotham Archive | Juliette Noel Toussaint, Mrs. Pierre Toussaint.

archive.blackgothamarchive.org/items/show/111/index.html.

Image of Juliette Noel Toussaint from around 1825.

BlackPast. (1865) Henry Highland Garnet, “Let the Monster Perish” &Bull; 11 Feb. 2022,

www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1865-henry-highland-garnet-let-monster-perish.

A sermon by Henry Highland Garnet called “Let the Monster Perish.” Includes what Garnet thinks

of slavery, discusses the measures he believes should be taken to free the slaves, and shows the

impact of slavery on the enslaved people.

“‘A Brief Account of the Founding of the American Anti-Slavery Society.’” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/84ff70d0-8a2f-0133-e573-00505686a51c.

A summary of the founding of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Includes founders, when it was

created, and other basic facts and dates of founding.

Digital Collections : Still Image : Frederick Douglass [NYSA_A3045-78_X_6430].

digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov/index.php/Detail/objects/46927.

Image of Frederick Douglass.

Digital Collections : Text : Certificate That the Half Slaves Who Petitioned for Manumission Had Been

Fully Emancipated and Made Free [NYSA_A1809-78_V10_Pt3_0327].

digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov/index.php/Detail/objects/55730.

1664 Dutch certificate that half-slaves who petitioned for manumission had been fully

The disappointed abolitionists. (n.d.). https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661783/

An image of David Ruggles and his associates

“A Discourse, Delivered April 12, 1797, at the Request of and Before the New-York Society for Promoting

the Manumission of Slaves, and Protecting Such of Them as Have Been or May Be Liberated. By

Samuel Miller ...” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-f8a9-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

A writing by Samuel Miller requesting the protection of slaves following their manumission and the

general manumitting of slaves. Supported by the New York Manumission Society. Argues for

equality of African American slaves.

“The ‘Extinguisher’ Extinguished! Or David M. Reese, M.D. ‘Used up.’ by David Ruggles, a Man of Color.

Together With Some Remarks Upon a Late Production, Entitled ‘an Address on Slavery and

Against Immediate Emancipation With a Plan of Their Being Gradually Emancipated and

Colonized in Thirty-two Years. By Heman Howlett.’ : Ruggles, David : Free Download, Borrow,

and Streaming : Internet Archive.” Internet Archive, 1834,

archive.org/details/extinguisherexti00rugg/page/n3/mode/2up.

An 1834 pamphlet written by David Ruggles in response to claims made by David Reese

“A Female Slave Has Been Declared Free by the Authorities in Bahia.” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/c6abf960-4e8e-0133-1f3e-00505686a51c.

Authorities declared a female slave free in Bahia, NY in 1759

Fenner-Dorrity, Evelyn. The African Civilization Society (1858-1869) &Bull; 30 Sept. 2020,

www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/african-civilization-society-1858-1869.

A brief summary of the African Civilization Society that goes over its founders, including Henry

Highland Garnet, its impacts on Africa and American society, and a general timeline of events

over the course of which the African Civilization Society existed.

“Frederick Douglass’ Attitude toward Samuel E Cornish and David Ruggles.” (n.d.). NYPL Digital

Collections.

https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/29b1fc60-5e2f-0133-c073-00505686d14e#/?uuid=29b1fc6

0-5e2f-0133-c073-00505686d14e

Douglass writing explaining his opinion on David Ruggles and Samuel E. Cornish

Frederick Douglass. (2023, May 4). Biography. https://www.biography.com/activists/frederick-douglass

“Biography of Frederick Douglass”

“‘First Annual Report of the NY Committee of Vigilance.’” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/6eb8c380-864d-0133-5e65-00505686a51c.

An 1837 annual report on the New York Committee of Vigilance, stating progress made over the

past year and future goals.

“JAMES MONROE WHITFIELD | Michigan Street AAHC.” Michigan Street AAHC,

www.michiganstreetbuffalo.org/james-monroe-whitfield.
 Image of James Monroe Whitfield and his personal information.

National Humanities Center. “James Monroe Whitfield ‘How Long?’ in Autographs for Freedom.”

nationalhumanitiescenter.org, 1853,

nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai/identity/text6/poetwhitfield.pdf.

1853 Poem by James Monroe Whitfield titled “How Long?” which highlights the evils of slavery.

“‘New York Anti-Slavery Society.’” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/a01c4c90-8a2f-0133-c7f9-00505686a51c#/?uuid=a0344dd0-8a2f

-0133-48f1-00505686a51c.

An essay on the New York Anti-Slavery Society summarizing a serious of events consisting of the

Society’s founding, achievements, and accomplishments. Also mentions important figures in and

influencing the New York Anti-Slavery Society.

The New York Manumission Society | Race and Antebellum New York City | Learn About AFS History |

Examination Days: The New York African Free School Collection.

www.nyhistory.org/web/africanfreeschool/history/manumission-society.html.

A summarization of the New York Manumission Society, including its founders, initial goals, and

evolution of the goals of the Manumission Society over time and how it changed.

“Nov. 20, 1835: New York Committee of Vigilance Founded - Zinn Education Project.” Zinn Education

Project, 21 Nov. 2022,

www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/new-york-committee-vigilance-ruggles/#:~:text=On%20Novemb

er%2020%2C%201835%2C%20to,predatory%20whites%2C%20especially%20police%20officers

A summarization of the founding of the New York Committee of Vigilance. Includes information of

the first secretary of the Committee, David Ruggles. Discusses about Ruggles as a writer and an

individual. Also discusses the difficulties revolving around being a member of the Committee, and

the dangers that it comes with.

“An Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade; Delivered in the African Church, in the City of New York,

January 1, 1808.” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-0221-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99#/?uuid=510d47e4-02

21-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
Oration given in the African Church in the City of New York in 1808 calling for abolition.

Proceedings of the Colored National Convention, Held in Rochester, July 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1853. ·

Colored Conventions Project Digital Records. omeka.coloredconventions.org/items/show/458.

Detailings of the morning and afternoon sessions of the Colored National Convention in

Rochester, NY on July 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1853

Quarles, Benjamin, and Edgar J. McManus. “A History of Negro Slavery in New York.” The American

Historical Review, vol. 72, no. 1, Oxford UP, Oct. 1966, p. 283. https://doi.org/10.2307/1848351.

A book by Edgar McManus about slaves in New York. Has a primary focus on the issue of

Manumission. Discusses the ultimate goal for slaveowners who manumitted their slaves, and also

mentions some slave successes within manumission.

“The Slave Steps Out of the Slave-state, and His Chains Fall. A Free State, With Another Chain, Stands

Ready to Re-enslave Him.” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-75a7-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

Illustration by the American Anti-Slavery Almanac describing how slaves were still slaves even

after entering into a free state by New York State law

---. The New York African Society for Mutual Relief (1808-1860) &Bull; 16 Dec. 2019,

www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/new-york-african-society-mutual-relief-1808-1860.

A general timeline consisting of major events regarding the New York African Society. It includes

the founding, building up of the Society, and the eventual collapse. Primarily discusses the

relative successes of the Society, and the people and founders involved.

““The New York Committee of Vigilance".” NYPL Digital Collections,

digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/58612a40-864d-0133-1dee-00505686a51c.

Summary of the New York Committee of Vigilance. Includes the beginnings and founding of the

Committee, and general information.

White House Historical Association. (n.d.). Frederick Douglass. WHHA (en-US).

https://www.whitehousehistory.org/frederick-douglass

“Secondary background information about the life of Frederick Douglass”