For Physics a Combined ScienceContents Part3 Wave Moti Unit 4 Nature of Waves Unit 2 Properties of Waves Unit 3 Reflection and Refraction of Light Unit 4 Diffraction and Interference of Light and Lenses Unit 5 Sound Complete Answers and Marking Schemes represents that the material is not included in the Physics part of Combined Science represents the extension part of the curriculumP s Success Key for HKDSEE 3 © Examination Analysis Past Examination Paper Analysis Examination Trend © Useful Formulae ........ ~@ Examination Scoring Techniques .......7 © Common Mistakes .. @ Revision Test Multiple-choice Questions . Short Questions .. Structured Questions Essays... Oe ceea) Name: Class : t 5 Date: 1 2 2 8 3 4 2 5 5 16 6 77 7 8 8 ” 9 20 10 21 TW 2 “oral a fn i] 1 3 a 5 ‘Total 2 1 3 7 Tot 78 1 Total 718 “otal marks auoe 3 Wave Motion & Examination Analysis.) ——_—__——____. wr Past Examination Paper Analysis (a) Multiple-choice Questions HKCEE HKAL. Topic Year | Paper | Question No.| Year | Paper | Question No. Nature of waves 2001 Il 22 2005. A 15. Description of waves 2001 m 2B 2004 u 38 2008 | HA 4 Factors alfecting the speed of | 2006 | IIA 16 2006 | mA 7 Propagation of waves 2006 | MA 7 2006 | HA 30 2008 TA 31 Particle motion in wansverse | 2003 | 1 5 2000 | MA 17 and longitudinal waves 2003 ul 26 2002 1A 13 2004 u 21 2003 HA 14 2004 | 1 2 2004 | MIA 9 2005. UB 34 2004 A 10 2005 UB 35 2007 NB 38 2008 IB 37 2008 UB 44 (b) Short Questions / Structured Questions Year Paper | Question No. | Marks Content 1999 | cE 101) 3 marks | Find the wavelength of a radio wave at a certain Paper IB frequency. 1999 | AL 200) 5 marks | Find the wavelength, frequency and speed of an Paper IA ultrasonic wave from diagrams showing different positions of particles at different time, 2000 | cE 9a) 4¢marks | Use provided apparatus to demonstrate that water and Paper 1B sound waves are transverse and longitudinal waves respectively. © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -2- Physies Suovess Key for HKDSEE 39 nit | ref Waves Year | Paper | Question No.| Marks Content 2001) CE 4a) I mark | Describe the particle motion of water waves. Paper IA 2001 | cE 6(a) 1 mark | Compare the speeds of light and sound waves. Paper LA 2001 {AL 7(a)=(©) | 9 marks | State the differences between transverse and longitudinal Paper IB waves according to their particle motions. Study the distance-time graphs of p- and s-waves generated by an earthquake. 2002 | cE + 5 marks | Find the wavelength and describe the particle motion of Paper IA a wave generated on a string. 2002 | AL 2¢b)G), | © marks | State the differences between transverse waves on a Paper 1A | GCI) string and the sound waves produced by the string, Determine how the frequency varies with the tension in the string, 2008] cE 4@) 2marks | Find the wavelength of a radio wave Paper IA 2004 | CE 5(a) 2 marks | Find the speed of a water wave. Paper 1A 2004] AL 2) 3 marks | Find the tension in a string in terms of m and L where Paper 1A mand Lare the mass and the length of the string respectively. 2006] CE 1a) 2marks | Find the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave. Paper 1A 2007 | CE 6 7 marks | Find the wavelength of a sound signal and the time Paper 1A taken for the transmission of the sound signal. Factors affecting the wave speed 2008 | CE 5(a)—(b) | 3marks | Particle motion of water waves Paper 1A 2008 | AL Xo) marks | An experiment to study how the tension in a slinky Paper IA spring affects the wave speed propagating along the spring, (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Suceess Key for HKDSEE 3or ‘Wave Motion (c) Essays Year | Paper | Question No.| Marks Content 2001 | AL 2(a) 3 marks | Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic Paper IIB waves 2003 | AL 2a), | O marks | State the differences between sound waves and light Paper IIB waves in terms of their physical natures and properties. Describe an experiment to determine the speed of sound inain 2007 | AL 2 16 marks | Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic Paper IIB waves. Describe how a sound wave is produced and how it passes through air to cause our sensation of sound. Describe an experiment to show that the phase of the vibration of the air patticles changes with positions along the path of a travelling sound wave, State and explain how to find the wavelength and speed of sound in air. Examination Trend (a) Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves according to their particle motions. (b) State the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. (©) Extract information from displacement- Distance /m The figure shows the displacement-distance graph of different particles along the propagating direction of a transverse wave at a certain instant. The motions of the particles at different positions are summarised in the following table: ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3% Unit | Notre of Wes ie Particle motion Position Particle motion A | Moving downwards with maximum E | Moving upwards with maximum speed speed B_ | Moving downwards Moving upwards C | Momentarily at rest G | Momentarily at rest D__ | Moving upwards Moving downwards (b) Longitudinal wave Displacement / m Distance /m The figure shows the displacement-distance graph of different particles along the propagating direction of a longitudinal wave at a certain instant. Assume the wave is propagating to the right which is taken to be the positive direction, The motions of the particles at different positions are summarised in the following table: Position Particle motion Position. Porticle motion Moving to the left with maximum speed and is at the centre of a rarefaction i Moving to the right with maximum speed and is at the centre of a compression Moving to the lef Moving to the right Momientarily at rest Momentarily at rest Moving to the right Moving to the left {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part wave Motion _ 6 4, Determining the Particle Motion of Longitudinal Waves propagating direction of a longitudinal wave Pom 3 2 8 &£ # & F 8 B OM YF § £ F Eb BF vemmscns Fi) 1 2 g¢eet 6 9 Fig. (a) shows the equilibrium positions of particle 1 to 9. A longitudinal wave sets the particles 10 vibrate and Fig, (b) shows the corresponding positions of the particles at a certain instant, The particle motion can be determined by using the following guidelines: (a) Particles at the centre of a compression, particle 5 in Fig. (b), move with the same direction as the propagating direction of the wave. (b) Particles at the centre of a rarefaction, particle 1 and 9 in Fig, (b), move in the opposite direction to the propagating direction of the wave. (©) Particles in the middle of compression and rarefaction, particles 3 and 7 in Fig. (b), are momentarily at rest (a) The particles between successive particles which are momentarily at rest move in the same direction. For example, particles 4, 5 and 6 all move to the right in Fig, (b) Xx & Common Mistakes ——£———_______________ A vibrator is tied to a string and then moves up and down to generate a wave propagating slong the string, The figure shows the wave pattern observed along the string at a certain instant, Sketch the wave pattern observed after a half period of time. orator Pd The student wrongly sketches the wave pattern by continuing the original sine wave with one more half cycle without knowing the x meaning of progression. vibrator © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -10- Physies Suecess Key for HKDSEE 3att | Nature of es fe Correct solution re Progression of wave means that the whole wave pattern moves in the direction of the propegation. So the leading waveform should vibrator eee (Gampie2 ) A metal rod of length 0.5 m is hit by a hammer at one end to generate a progressive compression pulse. 2.5 x 10 s later, the pulse is reflected back from the other end of the metal rod. Find the speed of the pulse while travelling in the metal rod. The speed is yn It is a. common careless mistake that students just take the length of the rod as the travelling distance of the pulse. The speed is 05%2 25x10" = 4000 ms" pe The pulse travels to the fer end first and then reflected back from that end, So the total travelling distance should be twice the length of the metal rod. cz» A string is stretched to a length ¢ under a tension T. The wave speed is 10 ms propagates along the string, The string is then stretched to a length 1.5¢ under a tension 2. What is the new wave speed when a transverse wave propagates along the string? when a transverse wave The student mistakes that m is the ass of the string in the formula, so m it is unchanged. © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 1- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 323 verwr 50 Since ese “Va Vie where m is the mass of ve Te rae It is a good practice to use the formula written as E- 80 that we won't mix up 4 with m where 4 is the mass per unit length of the string Hence, y = 15 = |>* lo VT ¢ v=l73ms* e@ Revision Testy” REAEEETETGtestions ¢ 3. Which of the following statements about a (22 tems, I mark each) J longitudinal wave is/are correct? (1) Its particles have different amplitudes, 1. Which of the following is/are longitudinal waves? Q) Its particles vibrate along the direction of J (1) Ultrasound transmitted through water propagation of the wave. 2) Water waves produced by a dipper @)_Ittransmits energy. transmitted in a water tank A. (only (3) Compression waves transmitted through a B. Qyonly slinky spring (Vand (3) only oy D. 2) and (3) only B. Q)only (and (3) only 4. A sonar on a ship sends an ultrasonic pulse D. @)and (3) only J towards the seabed. The reflected pulse is detected (1.22 s later, If the speed of the pulse is 2. Which of the following is/are transverse waves? 1 500 ms", find the depth of the sea. J () Waves produced by a vertical vibrator A. 660m transmitted through a horizontal slinky B. 330m spring C. 220m (2) Waves produced by earthquakes Be isa (3) Waves produced by an army marching on a bridge and transmitted through the bridge 5. A cork vibrates up and down 8 times in 2 s in a AL (only J water tank when a water wave passes through it BR Q)only ‘The water wave travels with a speed of 0.2 m s"! G (ant @yony tid te wavelength of the water wave, 08m D. @)and (3) only rn 0.025 m D. 00125m (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -12- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 6. y The separation between two points P and Q on a progressive wave is 0.1 mas shown in the figure. Find the phase difference between P and 0. Ak sn 6 on 2 Do B. G 7 —— Time ‘The figure shows the displacement-time graphs of two particles P and Q oscillating on a string. Find the phase relationship between P and Q. A. Pleads Q by 73. B. Pleads by 2/6. C Plags O by 213. D. Plags O by 26. O 8 y Displacement / om © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -13- en] Nature of Was ‘A transverse wave is travelling along a string. The figure shows the variation of the displacement of a particle on the string. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). The wave is travelling towards the lef (2). The frequency of the wave is 1.25 Hz. (3) The amplitude of the wave is 4 em. A. (I) only B. Q)only C. (1) and (3) only Tr D. @2)and (3) only Lal (For Questions 9 and 10) ‘The displacement-distance graph of the particles along a travelling transverse wave at time ¢ = 0 is shown below. The frequency of the wave is 5 Hz. Displacement at t=0 Distance | nt? 9. Find the travelling speed of the wave. Wo & 20mst B. 10ms" C. 0.25ms" D. 0.2ms! L] Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3or ‘Wave Motion 10. Which of the following shows the waveform at Wo 1-035? A Displacement at = 0.38 c -f Wstance = cement at t=0.38 Distance 3 Displacement at? = 0.36 D. ce = Displacement at t= 0.3 8 = Distance {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited y 14+ Page total he 100m The pattern of plane water waves is frozen by using a stroboscopic lamp flashing at SO Hz in a ripple tank experiment as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements isfare correct? (1) The wavelength of the plane waves is 2 em. (2) The frequency of the plane waves could be S0.Hz. (3) The speed of the plane waves depends on the wavelength of the waves. A. (only B. Q2)only ©. (and 3) only D. (2)and (3) only vibrator A vibrator is tied to a string and then moves up and down to generate a wave propagating along, the string as shown in the figure, Which of the following statements about the wave are correct? (1). The vibrator starts by moving downwards, (2) The wave on the string is a progressive transverse wave, (3) The wave speed will be increased by increasing the frequency of the vibrator. A. (and Q) only B. (1)and(3) only C. 2)and @) only D. (1), (2)and 3) Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 13. A transverse wave travels towards the right. The J) figure shows the waveform at a certain instant Which of the following statements is/are correct? ep ——> (1). Particle P is momentarily at rest. (2) Particle is moving towards the right, (3) Particle & is in phase with P. A. (only B. Q2)only C. (and G) only D. 2)and (3) only 4. I The Figure shows a transverse wave travelling, along a string. At the instant shown, particle P is moving downwards, Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. The wave is travelling towards the right. B. All the particles have the same amplitude. CC. Particle Q is moving upwards. D. Particle & is moving in phase with P. C {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 15. y 16. y 1. y -15- The figure shows the instantaneous positions of the particles P, Q, R and Son a transverse wave propagating to the left. Which of the particles has its displacement and velocity in opposite irections at the instant shown? A. B. ero The figure shows a transverse wave propagating to the right along a string. The time taken for the labelled particles to reach their respective equilibrium positions are different. Arrange the time taken in ascending order. AL POR B. PRO CORP D. ROP A string of length ¢ and of mass m is stretched under a tension T. The wave speed is w when a transverse wave propagates along the string. Another string of length 2¢ and of mass m stretched under a tension 27, What is the wave speed when a transverse wave propagates along the second string? 1 A pe u B. c vu D dw O Physics Suecess Key for HKDSEE 373 acs G0 18. A longitudinal wave travels from left to right in a J) medium. Fig, (a) shows the equilibrium positions ‘of some particles in the medium. Fig, (b) shows the positions of the particles at time = 0. Which of the following graphs shows the displacement- time (s-1) graph of particle 4? (Displacement to the right is taken to be positive.) ‘ Fig. (a) ‘ Fig. (b) ey i Ky. B. s act A IEA D. s TO (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -16- Page total 19. A longitudinal wave travels from left to right in a J) medium. Fig, (a) shows the equilibrium positions of a series of particles in the medium. Fig. (b) shows the positions of the particles at time 1 = 0. Which of the following graphs shows the displacement-time (s-f) graph of particle 4? (Displacement to the right is taken to be positive.) : Fig. (a) : Fig. (b) A. s B. 2 c. s D. 4 ae9 o Nature of Waves o Page total 20, A sound wave travels from left to right in a y medium. Fig. (a) shows the equilibrium positions Bete ie Le eee ees cee of a series of particles in the medium. Fig. (b) Pigs 7 shows the positions of the particles at a certain instant. Which of the following statements about the motions of different particles are correct? (ry pl eaves tieceeieeadeecteesateceas . (1). Particle 1 is moving to the left. (2) Particle 3 is momentarily at rest and has the A sound wave travels from left to right in a greatest displacement from its equilibrium ‘medium. Fig. (a) shows the equilibrium positions i of a series of particles in the medium. Fig. (b) (3) Partie 6 is moving tothe right shows the positions of the particles at a certain A. (1) and (2) only instant. Which of the following figures shows B. (1)and @) only correctly the positions of the particles after a : C. (2)and 3) only ‘quarter period of time from the instant shown in D. (1), (2) and (3) Fig. (b)? “ af Displacement oe 8 ee ee y 4 - see . oe oe ° © sieved R G The figure shows the displacement-position fi graph of a sound wave travelling to the right in a medium at a certain instant, Which of the eee el tats : fae following statements about the particle motion at this instant are correct? (Displacement to the right is taken to be positive.) a (1) Pisacentre of compression. rn 2) Qis moving to the lef H 2 8 ¢ BR F 8 G) Ris moving to the lef. SEE Eee EEE eee ere eee tere eet A. (1) and (2) only Fig. oe) B. (1) and (3) only CC. @)and 3) only Fig. 6) D. (1), Qand@) O ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 17- Dhysies Success Key for HKDSEE 3on 3 Wave Motion —_ ag, Page total GEAALEstions ¢ (items) 1 J pulse sent echo pulse am Ultrasound is used to detect the shoal of fish underwater. A pulse of ultrasound sent to the sea underneath and the echo received is shown on the display as shown in the figure. (a) Explain briefly why the amplitude of the echo is reduced. (1 mark) (b) If the frequency and the wavelength of the ultrasound in water are 30 kHz and 5 em respectively, find the depth of the shoal of fish detected. (4 marks) (Total: 5 marks) 2 y equitoriam position vibrator A wave is generated on a string by a vibrator. The figure shows the shape of the string 0.2 s after the vibrator has been switched on. (a) State two natures of the wave generated on the string. (2 marks) {2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -18- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit | Nature of Waves G Page total (b) Find the period and the frequency of the wave. (2 marks) (© By putting a dot Q on the figure to show another particle on the string that has the same phase as particle P. (1 mark) (d) Sketch the shape of the string after 0,15 s from the instant shown in the figure and indicate ‘on the figure the new position of particle P by using a dot R. (2 marks) (Total; 7 marks) 3. y equilibrium position A transverse wave is propagating along a string. The figure shows the shape of a portion of the string at a certain instant. At this instant, both particles P and Q are moving downwards. (a) What is the direction of propagation of the wave? (1 mark) (b) Find the wavelength of the wave. (1 mark) (©) Describe the positions and motions of particles P and Q after half a period from the instant shown in the figure. (4 marks) (Total: 6 marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -19- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3on" 3 Wave Motion ae Page total 4, A transverse wave is propagating to the right along a string, Fig. (a) shows the displacement-distance graph of J) the transverse wave at time ¢= 0s and Fig. (b) shows the displacement-time graph of a particle on the string. Displacoment at t=08 ris Fig. (@) Displacement ofa particle PLE T all Fig. ) (a) Find the amplitude, wavelength and period of the wave. (marks) (b) Hence, find the velocity of the wave. (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 20- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit | °, Nature of Waves Page total s. y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a a Foi) -——e—p—e_—e_ oo 8 autem Fig. (0) o eee ee . + ° 2 —or=0ms Fig. () ed eb ectyr trated phe g | uel bh it o-|t=0.25 ms Fig. (df) 0 ° + - 45 be dag Oey t= 0.50ms. ‘Ten A sound wave travels from left to right in ait. Fig, (a) shows the equilibrium positions of a series of particles in air. The positions of the particles at different instants within a period are shown in Fig. (b), (c) and (d). (a) Which particles in Fig. (c) correspond to the centre of a compression and the centre of a rarefaction respectively? (2 marks) (b) Find the wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave. (4 marks) (Total: 6 marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -21- Physies Sucvess Key for HKDSEE 3& Part wave Motion aa Page total GSU Uestions ¢ (4 items) L.A vertical vibrator 4B generates waves on a string. The figure shows the shape of the string 0.15 s after the J) vibrator has been switched on. rection of wave motion ‘equiiorium position (a) At what position does the vibrator AB start to vibrate? (1 mark) (b) Find the frequency and wavelength of the wave. Hence, find the speed of the wave. (GB marks) (©) Which two particles of P, Q, R, S and T could be in phase? (mark) (d) What is the phase difference between particles Q and R? (mark) (©) Sketch the displacement-time graph of particle S for the time interval 0 <¢ = 0.3 s. (2 marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 2. Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3on Ul Nature of as Page total (Sketch the shape of the string 0.2 s later from the instant shown in the figure and indicate the new positions of the particles P, Q, R, S and Tin the figure. (2 marks) (Total: 10 marks) wy Propagating direction of a longitudinal wave Fg) 1 2 8 4 § 6 7 8 9 eS ccuittritm position Fig.(0) 1 2 34587 8 9 A longitudinal wave is travelling from left to right in a medium. Fig, (a) shows the equilibrium positions of a series of particles in the medium. Fig, (b) shows the positions of the particles at time ¢= 0. (a) Which particle(s) in Fig. (b) is/are at the centre of compression? (mark) (b) Which particle(s) in Fig. (b) is/are at the centre of rarefaction? (1 mark) (©) Which particle(s) in Fig. (b) is/are momentarily at rest and moving to the left respectively? (2. marks) (@)_ The distance between particles 5 and 9 in Fig. (b) is 80 em and the frequency of the longitudinal wave is 500 Hz. Find the wavelength and speed of the wave. (marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physics Suevess Key for HKDSEE 3& Part wave Motion a Page total (©) The amplitude of the wave is 10 em. (Plot the displacement-time graph of particle 7 for 0 Zr ot Zi< Zr. (a) Less dense medium into denser medium (deep region into shallow region for water waves) Construct an incident ray which is at right angle to all the incidemt wavefronts. Then use the Snell’ law of refraction to construct a refracted ray which should be refracted towards the normal, ie. Zi > Zr Finally, construct the refracted wavefronts which are at right angles to the refracted ray as shown in the figure. (© 2010 Times Publishing Hong Kong) Linited -1- Physio Success Key for HKDSEE 3oe ‘Wave Motion ¥> 9: 0rd, >A, orm < my = Zirzr incident ray refracted wavefront refracted ray (b) Denser medium into less dense medium (shallow region into deep region for water waves) ws moray m = Zicdr ‘The refracted wavefronts can be constructed by the similar method as shown in the figure. oral incident ray incident Y 7 wavetont medium 4 Note: The frequency remains unchanged after refraction. 3. Distinguishing Points of Interference A> antinodal tine with path difference =n N: nodal tine with path ciference =152 s, S (a) Constructive interference Constructive interference occurs on any points of the antinodal lines which are drawn by joining the points of constructive interference of the same path difference as shown in the figure. Hence, constructive interference occurs at P with path difference equal to one wavelength. ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Suocess Key for HIKDSEE 3Og 2 rvs iy (b) Destructive interference Destructive interference occurs on any points of the nodal lines which are drawn by joining the points of destructive interference of the same path difference as shown in the figure. Hence, destructive interference occurs at Q with path difference equal to half wavelength The figure shows a series of plane water waves travelling from a shallow region into a deep region in a water tank, Sketch the wavefronts in the deep region. shallow region | deep region boundary shallow region | deep region res The student wrongly thinks that water waves travel slower in deep region than in shallow region. Hence, the refracted wavefronts are closer to each other as the refracted waves have shorter wavelength. incident wavefront boundary (©2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Liited Physics Suecess Key for HKDSEE 33 wueror 99 ‘shallow region ron deep region Water waves travel faster in deep region than in shallow region. Hence, the refracted wavelronits are further away from each other as the refrected waves saat should have longer wavelength. incident wavetront boundary (Example 2) The figure shows a series of plane water waves travelling through a gap between two straight barriers in a water tank straight barter oep region shallow region (a) Name the wave phenomenon (phenomena) observed. (b) Sketch the wavefronts after the waves travel through the gap. (c) Hence, state two methods to make the observed effect more obvious. (@) vi ffraction. Rr ©) te stalght barter ‘The student wrongly thinks that only diffraction occurs in this experiment. deep region shallow region © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -10- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3emu 2, Proper Waves le (©) Reduse te wish oftre gmp anctne ye frequency of the water waves, (a) Diffraction and refraction (b) ran Both diffraction and refraction ca ‘occur in this experiment. The effect of refraction as well as difraction can be made more obvious by adding some more water into the deep region deep region shallow region (©) Reduce the width of the gap and add some more ‘water into the deep region. Game's) A stationary sound wave is formed along a horizontal line. The distance between four successive points of ‘maximum intensity is 90 cm. Find the wavelength of the sound wave The wavelength of the sound wave is Correct solution The student wrongly thinks that the separation between two successive maxima In a stationary wave is equal to one wavelength. ‘The wavelength of the sound wave is % 600m 135 eae The separation between two successive maxima in a stationary wave is equal to half wavelength. {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited =i Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3on 3 Wave Motion ao @ Revision Testy” ipleschoice Questions (20 items, | mark each) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 100m The figure shows a series of travelling plane water waves frozen by a stroboscope, Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). The frequeney of the stroboscope must be equal to the frequency of the water waves, 2) The wavelength of the water waves is 2 em. (3). The lines observed are the crests of the water waves. A. (only B. (Q2)only C. (and 3) only D. (2)and (3) only A series of plane water waves is reflected by a plane barrier. Which of the following statements must be correct? (1) The direction of propagation of the water ‘waves is reversed (2). The frequency of the reflected water waves remains unchanged. (3). The amplitude of the reflected water waves remains unchanged A. (only B. Q)only C. (and @) only D. Q)and (3) only 12 Page total A series of plane waves travels towards a ‘V-shaped barrier as shown in the figure. Which of the following figures best shows the reflected plane waves? Seite. geal —— Ait © ng ett WK x Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 4. A transverse wave travels from one medium J into another medium. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The phenomenon observed is called refiaction. (2) The propagating direction of the transverse wave must be changed. (3) The wavelength of the transverse wave must be changed. A. (Ionly B. (2)only C. (1) and @) only D. (2)and (3) only oO & J (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) L fe medium ty, medium 2 XY is a boundary between two media, medium 1 and 2. A series of plane waves travels from medium 1 to medium 2 as shown in the figure. Which of the following figures shows the possible propagation of the plane waves? Es Ke x 6 ~13- Unie 2 Properties of Waves & When a plane water wave travels from a shallow region to a deep region of water, the wavelength of the water wave changes. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The wavelength in the shallow region is Jonger than that in the deep region, (2) The phenomenon is known as reftaction. (3) The amplitude of the water wave is reduced in the deep region. A. (only B. Qyonly C (and G) only D. Q)and (3) only Physies Suecess Key for HKDSEE 3o Part 3 wave Motion 1. I y ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited deep region A series of plane water waves travels from a shallow region to a deep region through a narrow gap as shown in the figure, Which of the following statements is incorrect? ‘A. Both interference and refraction oceur when the water waves pass through the narrow gap and enter the deep region. B. The plane waves become circular waves after passing through the gap if the width of the gap is equal to the wavelength of the water waves in the shallow region. C. The amplitude of the water waves is reduced in the deep region. D. The frequeney of the waves remains unchanged. vibrator barrier ‘The figure shows an experimental set-up to study the diffraction of water waves, Which of the following changes would make the diffraction ‘more significant? (2) Reduce the width of the gap between the barriers. 2) Increase the vibrating period of the vibrator. @)_ Add more water into the ripple tank. A. (I) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only CC. Q)and (3) only D. (1), @)and (3) % yd -14- Page total ‘Two pulses 4 and B of equal amplitude travel towards a fixed end X along @ stretched string as shown in the figure. Which of the following can be the resultant wave pattern at different instants ‘when the two pulses meet? a) @ @) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. Q)and (3) only D. (1), (2)and 3) Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 10. y mM y {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Two transverse waves and ¥ of equal amplitude and frequency travel along a stretched string with the same velocity. The figure shows the waveforms of X and ¥ on a portion of the string at an instant. Which of the following statements are correct? (1). The interference of the two waves, and Y, is constructive, (2). The principle of superposition can be applied to find the resultant wave only because the two waves are coheren (3). The resultant wave leads wave X’by 45°, A. (only B. Q2)only C. (and G) only D. (2)and (3) only S\ and S> are two coherent wave sources. When the path difference from these two sources to a point P is 0.6 m, constructive interference occurs at point P. When the path difference from these two sources to a point Q is 1.05 m, destructive interference occurs at point Q. Which of the following is the possible wavelength of the waves? AL 0.2m B. 0.25m c 03m D. 04m 2 y 1B. y -18- 0 Unit 2 properties of We re) May) So -P ‘Two dippers 5, and S; ate connected to the same vibrator and produce identical waves in a ripple tank as shown in the figure. If constructive interference occurs at point P, which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). The path difference between 5\P and SP is ‘an integral multiple of the wavelength of the waves. (2) The wave at P is always at its maximum, displacement. (3). IFS; stops vibrating, then the amplitude of the wave at point P becomes zero. A. (only B. (2)only C. (and @) only D. 2)and G) only O rn \\ 006m ‘The figure shows the circular wavefronts sent out by two dippers S, and 5, in a ripple tank vibrating with the same frequency. Which of the following is/are correct? (2) The wavelength of the water waves is 0.02 m, (2) Destructive interference occurs at point P. (3) Destructive A. (only B. (2)only (and @) only D. (2)and (3) only ference occurs at point Q. O Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part 3 wave Notion 6@ 14, y 15, y (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited f 8, Y 6s, The figure shows the circular wavefronts s by two dippers 5, and 5 in a ripple tank vi in phase with each other. Which of the following variations would change the interference pattern observed at point P from constructive to destructive? (1) Double the vibrating frequency of dipper 5). (2) Add more water into the tank. (3) Change the vibration of 5, so that it vibrates in antiphase with A. (2)and (2) only B. (1)and (3) only €. Q)and 3) only D. (1), (2)and 3) x ° y 3m ‘Two coherence sound sources X and ¥ producing sounds of wavelength 0.3 m. The separation between X and ¥ is 3 m as shown in the figure. Os the mid-point between X and ¥ at which a loud sound is received. When moving from O to X along the dotted line, how many more loud sounds will be received (excluding point 4)? AS B. 6 Go D. 10 LJ 17. y -16- Page total “40cm A stationary wave is produced along a string between two fixed points 4 and B. The figure shows the waveform of the stationary wave at certain instant. Which of the following can be deduced from the figure? (1). Point P is a node. (2) The amplitude of the stationary wave is Smm. (3) The wavelength of the stationary wave is 200m. A. ()only B. Q)only €. (land @) only D. Q)and @) only incident wave A stationary wave is produced along a string between two fixed ends A and B. The figure shows the incident wave propagating along the string at certain instant, Which of the following figures shows the possible reflected wave propagating along the string at that instant? Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 18. y C stand vibrator (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Different stationary waves can be formed on an clastic string by adjusting the frequency f of the vibrator as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) When f increases, the speed of the waves on the string increases. (2) When f increases, the number of nodes on the string increases. 3) The sound wave produced by the vibration of the string has the same frequency as the stationary wave on the string. A. (I)only B. (3) only C. (land (2) only D. (2)and (3) only 6 OD Prepris of Waves 20. We -17- A stationary wave is formed on an elastic string with two fixed ends 4 and B. The figure shows the waveform of the stationary wave at a certain instant where particle P is moving upwards. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). Particle Q is moving downwards. (2) Particles P and & are always in antiphase. (3). Particle is a node of the stationary wave. A. (only B. G)only C. (and 2) only D. @)and (3) only A stationary wave is formed on an elastic string with two fixed ends 4 and B. The figure shows the ‘maximum envelope of the stationary wave at 0s. Which of the following statements are correct? (1) All particles on the string are momentarily at rest After a quarter period of time from the instant shown in the figure, all particles will be at their equilibrium positions. 3) The stationary wave formed is due to the interference of waves. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only €. 2)and (3) only D. (1), @)and (3) @ Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 302°73 vornaor go Page total GSheMALEStions 9 (S items) — water ‘The figure shows how the depth of water varies in a water tank. Plane water waves travel from one end to the other end. (@) Draw the wave pattern observed from the top of the tank in the following figure provided. ‘Name this wave phenomenon. (2 marks) shallow end] (b) Ifan obstacle is placed in the tank as shown in the figure, draw in the following figure the ‘wave pattern observed from the top of the tank. Name another wave phenomenon which is not observed in (a). G marks) (Total: $ marks) shallow ond ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -18- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3on U2 Propet Waves $2 Page total 2. Applane wavefront PO of length 60 em is incident on a barrier at an angle of 30° as shown in the figure. JJ Ate=05, Pis just atthe barrier. barrior (a) Atr=0.2s, the whole wavefront is reflected by the barrier. Find the wave speed of the wavefront, (G marks) () By using the laws of reflection, construct the reflected wavefront, labelled as P’Q', in the above figure when PQ is just reflected by the barrier. (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks) 3. en y = 240.0m : ‘Two pulses move towards each other with the same speed of 4 m sas shown in the figure. A point P is in the middle of the two pulses and the initial separation between the two pulses is 240 em, The amplitude and the wavelength are 3 cm and 40 cm respectively for both pulses. Plot the displacement-ti 1 graph of point P in the following figure for 0s < 1-< 0.5 s. (Total: 5 marks) Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3on 3 Wave Motion 4. I 5 I Page total plane water wave water tank (a) The figure shows plane water waves produced by a vibrator in a ripple tank. By completing the above figure, describe how barriers can be placed in the ripple tank to study the imerference of water waves. (3 marks) (b) Indicate in the above figure, the wave pattern observed after the barriers have been placed in the tank, (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks) ‘Two identical sinusoidal waves of amplitude 2 em, travelling in opposite directions with the same speed of 12 ms'' along a string fixed at both ends 4 and B. A stationary wave is thus formed on the string. At all particles on the string are momentarily at rest as shown in the figure. The separation between successive nodes is 30 em. (a) Find the wavelength and amplitude of the stationary wave. (3 marks) (b) Sketch the waveform observed along the string at = 0.012 5 s and 0.025 s respectively. (2 marks) (Total: $ marks) © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited =20- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 2 Properties of Was le Page total (RWEEATLestions ¢ items) 1, Circular water waves are incident on a reflecting surface as shown in the figure. y = reflecting surface (@) Draw the reflected water wavefronts in the figure. (G marks) (b) Hence, draw one nodal line and one antinodal line in the figure. (2:marks) (©) Describe the motion of the particles on the nodal line and the motion of the particles on the antinodal line respectively. (4 marks) (d)_ Ifthe frequency of the water waves is increased, how will the nodal and antinodal lines be changed? (2. marks) (Total: 11 marks) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -21- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& 3 Wave Motion Page total 2 I Bom Fig. (a) Fig. (a) shows a vibrator producing plane water waves in a ripple tank. The ripple tank has a spongy lining at its edges. (a) What is the function of the spongy lining? (1 mark) (b) The pattern of the plane water waves is frozen by using a stroboscopic lamp flashing at 50 Hz. Ifthe frequency of the vibrator is 50 Hz, find the wavelength and speed of the waves. (G marks) (© A plastic plate in the form of a trapezium is put into the tank as shown in Fig, (b) so that the water depth in this part is reduced. Complete the wave pattern observed on the tank in Fig, (b). Name this wave phenomenon, G marks) ‘sponge © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -22- Physies Suocess Key for HIKDSEE 3Unit 2 Properties of was Page total @ x plane water waves 0.03 of es ew 024 m ¥ region A region 8 Fig. () In a ripple tank experiment, plane water waves travel from region 4 to region B through a straight boundary XY at an angle of 30° as shown in Fig. (c). The wavelength of the waves in region 4 and region B are 0.03 m and 0.024 m respectively. Find 8, (3 marks) (Total: 10 marks) 3. The figure shows plane water waves moving towards a gap between breakwater blocks in a typhoon shelter for J) boats. breakwater block water waves 'yphoon ps ar eaten i aot (@) Complete the figure to show what happen to the water waves after they pass through the gap. (2 marks) (b) Name the wave phenomena occurred as the waves pass through the gap. (2 marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -23- Physies Suocess Key for HKDSEE 3oo 3 Wav Motion Page total (©) The gap should be wide while comparing with the Wavelength of the water waves in the deep region. Explain briefly why. (mark) (a) Suggest a design with the aid of a diagram for the breakwater blocks in order to reduce the reflection of the water waves. (2 marks) (©) The speed and the wavelength of the water waves in deep region are 1.2 ms"! and 3 m respectively. Find the frequency of the water waves. Hence, find the wavelength of the water ‘waves in the shallow region if the wave speed in this region is reduced to 0.6 ms (G marks) (Total: 10 marks) 4. A pulse travels along a stretched string towards a fixed end P of a string. Fig. (a) and Fig. (b) show the J) Positions of the pulse at = 0s and s= 1.5 s respectively. ts08 Fig. (a) © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Lis wae9 Unit 2 Prope of aves Page total Pp t=15s Fig. (0) (@)_ Find the speed of the pulse (2 marks) ()_ In Fig. (b), sketch the reflected pulse and hence sketch the resultant pulse that should be observed along the string. (2 marks) (©) Ava certain instant, it seems that there is no pulse along the string. Explain briefly how this happens (mark) (@)_ Sketch how the displacements of point A and B as shown in Fig. (a) vary with time ¢ for Os=ress, (4 marks) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited ~25- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 373 terse _p0 Page total (©) Ifthe tension in the string is increased, how will the speed of the pulse be changed? Explain your answer with a suitable formula. (3 marks) (Total: 12 marks) ees (Litem) 1. Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation with known speed c to detect the distance as well as to locate Jjj the position of other objects. There are two kinds of sonar system, active and passive. (a) Inactive sonar system, a sound pulse is emitted from the system and then reflected back by the targeted object, The reflected pulse is detected by the same sonar system. The emitted pulse and the reflected pulse are then shown on a sonar display as shown in Fig, (a). The distance of the targeted object is then measured by the time interval ¢ between the two pulses. (Which pulse in Fig, (a) is the emitted pulse and which is the reflected pulse? Explain briefly why. (2 marks) (ii) Write down an expression to show how the distance of the targeted object can be found by using the time interval ¢ (mark) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited = 26- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 2 Properties of Naw Page total (ii) sonar system Fig. (b) An active sonar system is used to detect the depth of a submarine and the sound pulse is emitted at an angle of 6 to the water surface as shown in Fig. (b). Derive an expression for the depth of the submarine. If the range of @ is 25°< @ < 30° and the time interval ris 0.6 s at 6 = 30°, find the depth of the submarine. Hence, estimate the length ¢ of the submarine, State any assumptions) made. Given that the sound speed in water is ¢= 1500 ms". (7 marks) (b) Passive sonar system simply consists of receiving sensors to pick up sounds produced by the targeted objects. Multiple sensors are used to locate the targeted objects in a passive sonar system. Fig, (¢) shows three sensors align on a straight line and are equally spaced with spacing d. sensorA 4 sensor B s sound source 6| sensor Fi. (©) 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -27- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3on 3. Wave Motion ao Page total (Assume that sensor and C pick up the sound from the sound source at the same time, Sensor 4 and B pick up the sound with a time delay of . Show that the distance between the sound source and sensor B is given by (4 marks) five a" et i) State one advantage and one disadvantage of the passive sonar system when compared with the active sonar system. (2 marks) (Total: 16 marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -28- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3 nos Class : Cd r z 3 Reflection and ‘ 16 Refraction of Light : : 5 o Tal 7 Short QuestionNo. | Marks 1 7 : 7 / 5 | @ Examination Analysis Total 726 Past Examination Paper Analysis Examination Trend. | © Useful Formulae @ Examination Scoring Techniques .. © common Mistakes .. = a“ re ‘ @ Revision Test : 1 Multiple-choice Questions .. i Total 718 Short Questions. Total marks 0s PNET Min Gu cane Tacs) re203 woe Noon A examination analysis —____________ Past Examination Paper Analysis (a) Multiple-choice Questions HKCEE HKAL Topic Year | Paper | Question No.| Year | Paper | Question No. Light as electromagnetic waves | _200+ WW 24 2007 | IA 7 Spectrum of electromagnetic | 2003, u 30 1999 | TA 34 waves 2005 | IA 16 2006 | IB 33 Reflection of light 2001 ul B 2004 u 13 2004 u 14 2005 | WA 10 2006 | WA 19 2007 | MA un 2008 | MA B Refraction of light 2003 il 13 2003 | IA 16 2004 u 6 2003 | HA 19 2006 | MIA 15 2003 | HA 20 2006 | IA 20 2004 | HA 2 2007 | IIA 13 2007 | HA 14 2007 | UA 16 2008 | IIA 16 2008 | IIA 7 Total internal reflection 2006 IB 32 2004 A ob 2008 | 1B 38 {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -2- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3% wae Refection and Ration of Lio le (b) Short Questions / Structured Questions Year Paper | Question No.|_ Marks Content 1999 ce 5 marks | Find the critical angle of water and the application of Paper 1A critical angle in fisheye view. 2000 AL 90h) 2marks | Identify visible and invisible light from the Paper 1B wavelengths provided. 2001 ce 7 15 marks | Study an experiment using semi-circular glass block Paper 1B to find the critical angle of glass. Application of total internal reflection in the sparkling of diamondl 2002 cE 1 marks | Application of reflection in rear view mirror. Paper 1A Application of total internal reflection in binoculars, 2003 cE 2 6 marks | Find the angle of refraction and critical angle for 2 Paper IA ray of light travelling from water to air, Draw a ray diagram to illustrate the refraction of a light ray. 2004 cE 1 5 marks | Use semi-circular glass block to find the refractive Paper IA, index of glass, Conditions for the occurrence of total internal reflection 2005 cE 10@), (©) | S marks. | Application of total internal reflection in optical Paper IB fibres and the advantage of using optical fibres over copper wires 2007 cE 5 6 marks | Image formed by calm water surface and draw the Paper IA ray diagram, 2008 cE 10 Smarks | Find the critical angle of a semi-circular glass block. Paper IB Draw ray diagrams when the angles of incidence are greater and less than the critical angle respectively. (c) Essays Year | Paper | Question No. | Marks Content 2004 AL 2a) 5 marks | Describe how to demonstrate the existence of Paper IIB electromagnetic waves just beyond the two ends of the visible spectrum. 2008 AL 20a) 2 marks | Discuss the phase change of the reflected light when Paper IIB alight ray is incident on an air-glass boundary. © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physics Success Key for HIKDSEE 3& Part 3 wave Motion Examination Trend (a) Recognise the range of wavelengths for visible light and the relative positions of visible light and other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. (b) Construct ray diagram to show how image is formed by a plane reflecting surface. (©) Sketch the path of a light ray refracted at a boundary and solve problems involving refraction at a boundary, e.g. dispersion of light and the apparent view of an object in water. (d) Examine the conditions for total internal reflection and solve problems involving the application of total internal reflection, e.g. sparkling of diamond, fisheye view and optical fibres. + & Useful Formulae Useful term: Formula 1. Laws of reflection (a) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane (b) Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r) reflected ray 2. Laws of refraction Snell’s law of refraction sini sinr ™ ( Zivangle of incidence, Zr: angle of refraction, vi, vx Wave speeds in medium 1 and 2 respectively, Ay, Av wavelengths in medium 1 and 2 respectively, nn, my: refractive indices of medium 1 and 2 respectively) oral Incident ray © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Suevess Key for HKDSEE 33. Critical angle index of the denser medium) 4. Total internal When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, reflection ie. Zi> Zc, tora internal reflection occurs, ermal incident ray % total internal reflaction Remark: Total internal reflection only occurs when light ray enters from denser medium into less dense medium. © 2010 Times Publishing (Mong Kong) Limited Physics Suecess Key for HKDSEE 3& Part’ 3 wave Motion & Examination Scoring Techniques —————————___ 1, Constructing Similar Triangles wardrobe i Refer to the figure, a girl stands in front of a mirror and there is a wardrobe behind her. IFshe can see the whole image of the wardrobe in the mirror, then the minimum length of the mirror can be found by constructing similar triangles as shown in the figure. The minimum length h of the mirror is given by a _2a+d iH 2. Distinguishing the Difference between Reflection and Total Internal Reflection (a) Normal reflection G@) Light ray is reflected by denser medium. Gi) Light ray is reflected by less dense medium with £i < Zc where cis the critical angle, Ifa light ray is incident on a boundary between two different media and normal reflection occurs, then refraction will also occur as shown in the figure. hormal incident ray reflected ray (normal reflection) © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 30 Unit 3 Reflection and Refraction of Lig fo] (b) Total internal reflection Light ray is reflected by less dense medium with £i> Ze where ¢ is the critical angle Ifa light ray travels from denser medium into less dense medium and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, then total internal reflection occurs as shown in the figute. rrormal incident ray TT reflected tay | (total internal reftection) Comparison of refractive indices (@) Since Zr< Zi, n;>m) Since Zr’ > Zins m>"ns (b) Since Zr < Zi, ny>n, Since Zr< Zr’, n> ny In conclusion, the refractive indices of the three media are arranged in the following order ny > my > {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited iu Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3oo 3 wave Motion © Since Zr< Zi, n> Mm, Since total internal reflection occurs at the second boundary, n>. Moreover, if my > m, total internal reflection should not occur at the second boundary. Som, > ns In conclusion, the refractive indices of the three media are arranged in the following order: m>m>ny (dd) Since total internal reflection occurs at the first boundary, n > 1, Since Zi < Zr,m > ms Moreover, if m > m, total internal reflection should also ‘occur at the second boundary. So n > m, In conclusion, the refractive indices of the three media are arranged in the following order: m>nm>M, {© 2010 Tames Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -8- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Oye 23 Reflection anil Refraction of Liat o x, x © onan Mistakes: Am iImmIINARe i—_ plane mirror a Aman, initially standing in front of a mirror at a distance of 5 m, walks backwards with a constant speed of was shown in the figure. After 2 s, the distance between the image of the man formed by the plane mirror and the man himself becomes 20 m. Find u rn The inital separation between the image and the man is (5 x 2) m, So the student mistakes (20 ~ 5 x 2) mas the walking distence of the men. ya Smst ‘After 2 s, the distance between the man and the mirror should be (20 + 2) m as shown in the figure. Physics Success Key fot HKDSEE ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited& Part wave Motion (Example 2 ) The critical angle of glass is 42°, A light ray is incident on a boundary between air and glass as shown in the figure. By completing the following ray diagram to show what kind{(s) of wave phenomena is/are observed at the boundary. reflected ray due to total internal reflection nn The student forgets that total internal reflection cannot occur when light trevels from less dense medium to denser medium. Since the angle of incidence is greater thaw, the e al angle, total internal reflection securs as shown im the figure. Correct solution (7ormal reflected ray ia Total intemal reflection can only occur when light travels from denser medium to less dense medium. c=sin (=) = 2° esin-(2) = n=149 Stl a > Se sin sinr ‘When the light ray travels from air to glass, both (normal) reflection and refraction occur = 149 = r=33° {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited = 10- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3A light ray travels from air into a plastic block of refractive index of 1.35 as shown in the figure, Find the maximum angle of incidence i so that the light ray keeps travelling in the plastic block until it comes out from the other end of the block. The evitical ang! The muaximune angle of incidence is then given buf evi x Sin 4FFP? ~ 135 ay x The critical angle is The student tries to use different formulae to find the answer without knowing how the light ray travels in the plastic block. Ce 1 79° et asian The light ray travels in the plastic block as shown in ‘The maximum angle of incidence is then given by the figure. montis sin(90°- 47.79°) o i=o5° 7 ‘Then 4i' > Ze, Hence, 4<90°- Le (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited nite Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Pa t3 Wave Motion ee eg & Revision Testy” UTIPIEHIe Gisestions ¢ (20 items, T mark each) 1 J {© 2010 Times Poblishing (Hong Kong) Limited ‘The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 10" ms. If the wavelength of red light is 700 nm, find the frequency of red light. A. 43 x 10° GHz B. 43 «10° GHz C. 43 x10 GHz D. 043 GHz ae Visible | Ultra- woos] “ont | ox ‘The figure shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following statements is/ are correct? (). Pis X-ray. (2) Qis radio wave. (3) From P to Q, the wavelength keeps decreasing, A. (1)only B. (G)only C. (and @) only D. (2)and (3) only Which of the following statements about electromagnetic waves is/are correct? (1) All electromagnetic waves travel with the ‘same speed in vacuum. (2) Microwave is in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. (3) X-ray is in the highest frequency range of electromagnetic waves. AL (I) only B. (3)only C. (I) and (2) only D. (2)and (3) only 7 4 5 I =f2= Page total Which of the following about the image formed by a plane mirror is correct? (1). The image is laterally inverted. (2). The image may be magnified, (3) ‘The image cannot be captured by a camera, AL (only B. Q)only C. (and 3) only D. @Q)and (3) only = plane mirtor The figure shows the image of a clock formed in a plane mirror. What is the time that the clock is now displaying? AL 1:05 B. 4:25 c 735 — D. 10:55 LJ A picture is hung on a wall facing a plane mirror on the opposite wall 3 m away. If the image of the picture seen by a man standing in front of the mirror is 5 m away ftom the man, find the distance between the man and the mirror, A Im B. 15m Cc 2m D. 25m O Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total ; eye J) object @ v 55 tritror ‘The image of an object formed by a plane mirror is viewed by an eye of a person as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) If the mirror moves downwards, the image also appears to be moving downwards. (2) If the mirror moves to the right, the image also appears to be moving to the right. (3) If the mirror is rotated in the anticlockwise direction, the image appears to be moving upwards A. (only B. Q)only C. (and G) only D. (2)and () only ys Mary stands in front of a mirror and is looking at a painting in the mirror. The painting is hung, on a wall behind her as shown in the figure. The separation between the mirror and the painting, 4 m, If Mary can just see the top edge of the painting in the mirror, what is the height of the top edge of the painting from the ground? Mary's eyes are 1,6 m from the ground and 1 m away from the mirror. Also, the height of the top edge ‘of the mirror from the ground is 1.8 m. AL 24m B. 2.6m C. 28m D. 3m a © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited % y 10. ~13- Ope _ U3 Reflection and Refraction of Light o The figure shows a light ray travelling from liquid to air. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). The liquid has a higher refractive index than air. (2). The light ray has a higher frequency in air than in the liquid, (3) If the light ray travels from air to the liquid with an angle of incidence of 8: the reffacted angle will be 0, A. (I) only B. @)only €. (1)and GB) only D. 2)and (3) only ‘normal The figure shows a light ray travelling from a medium to air. Find the refractive index of the medium. A, 0.67 B. 0.70 Cc 143 D. 150 LJ Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3f. ae UL y 12. y © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited boundary ‘The figure shows a light ray travelling from air to glass. Ifthe reflected ray makes an angle 90° with the refracted ray and the refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the angle of incidence i A. 337° B. 418° Cc. 48.2° D. 563° The figure shows a light ray travelling from air to a glass block. After refraction, two light rays, A and B, of different colours are observed in the glass block as shown in the figure, Which of the following statements about the two light rays in glass is/are correct? (1) Ray A travels faster than ray B in glass. (2) Ray A has a larger refractive index than ray B. (3) Ray 4 has a longer wavelength than ray B in glass. (1) only Q) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only yoRP O 13. I 4. -14- Page total 10em| re A boy looks at a point P at the bottom of a tank filled with water along the direction 4B as shown in the figure. The depth and the refractive index ‘of water are 10 cm and 1.33 respectively. Find the distance x between point P and the edge of the tank. AL 360m B. 63cm Cc. 73m D. 100m O Incident ray A spherical air bubble is formed in a tank of ‘water, When a light ray falls on the air bubble as shown in the figure, which light ray best represents emergent light ray? AL ray B. ray? C. ray3 D. ray4 Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Page total 15. A diver is 5 m beneath the water surface, When J) he looks up, he finds that the sky appears to be fall within a circle of radius r, Find r, Given that the reftactive index of water is 1.33, AL 5.7m B. 38m c 33m D. 3.0m J 16. Light rays enter from air to three different glass J) blocks as shown in the figures. Which paths of the ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited light rays is/are possible? (Given that the critical angle of glass is 42°.) ro) @ @) A. (only B, (3) only C. (Iand 2) only D. Q)and (3) only 17. I -18- 6 Unit 3 Refecton and Refraction of Light & oe 4 Fig. (a) A periscope is constructed by prisms as shown in Fig. (a). An object is placed in front of the periscope and is viewed by an eye through the periscope. If the front view of the object is an upright triangle as shown in Fig. (b), which of the following shows the image of the object as viewed by the eye? Physies Suecess Key for HIKDSEE 3E73 wornan 0 18, y 19. y ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited A light ray travels from air into a plastic block of refractive index 1.35 as shown in the figure, Find the maximum value of the angle of incidence i so that the fight ray cannot be reffacted to air from the top surface of the plastic block A, 42.2° B. 478° Cc. 612° D. 651° medium 1 S a cium 2 medium 3 ‘The figure shows three parallel layers of media 1, 2 and 3 of refractive indexes m,n and ns respectively. A light ray travels from medium 1 to 2 and then undergoes a total internal reflection at the boundary separating medium 2 and 3. Which of the following relationships between 1, 1; and 1s is correct?” AL m>m>m B.nj>m>m CC. m>n>m Do m>m>m 20. Db -16- Page total Si at A glass block is constructed by three parallel layers of different glasses. The refractive indices Of the three layers are 1.6, 1.5 and 14 respectively. A light ray travels into the glass block at an angle of incidence of 35° and emits from the bottom surface of the glass block as shown in the figure. Find the angle of refraction of the transmitted ray. AL 42.08 B. 35° Cc. 210° D. 19.68 Physics Suceess Key for HKDSEE 33 Relection and Refraction of Light o Page total Siew AUeStions ¢ (S items) 1. In each of the following figures, draw how to place plane mirror(s) inside the box to produce the result of J reflections as shown and complete the path of the light ray. @ () a Pee ae (©) ssasie*canbeHs ——> (Total: 6 marks) 2. (a) Fig. (a) shows a pencil placed in front of a plane mirror. Draw the ray diagram in Fig, (a) to show how the y image is formed when viewed by the eye as shown. (3 marks) Fig. (@) © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -17- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part wav Motion no Page total (b) A man is sitting in ftont of a mirror at a distance of 80 em away. The width of the mirror is 660 em, The image of a bus is seen in the mirror for 0.6 s when it moves behind the man at a speed of 15 ms‘ as shown in Fig. (b). Find the closest distance between the man and the bus. (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks) f= 60 om—a_-mitror 800m Fig. (0) 3 y glass biock A light ray travels through a semi-circular glass block as shown in the figure. The following table shows different values of angle of incidence 7 and the corresponding values of angle of refraction r. (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -18- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 3 Reflection and Refraction of Light o Page total i 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° r aie 39° 49° 59° 75° sini sinr ‘Complete the above table and plot the graph of sin r against sin i. Hence find the refractive index of glass. (Total: $ marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -19- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part 3 wave Motion 4, yD 5 ) Page total The figure shows an equilateral triangular glass prism. The reftaetive index of glass is 1.5. (a) Find the angle of incidence / of the light ray so that the refracted ray in the prism is parallel to the bottom surface. (2 marks) (b) Hence, find the angle of deflection @ when it emerges from the prism, 3 marks) (Total: 5 marks) (a) Fig. (a) shows a right triangular glass prism ABC. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. Show that the normal incident light ray will be totaly reflected at the boundary AC. (2 marks) A oral incident ray 7 ‘less prism B ‘c Fig. (a) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -20- Physies Suevess Key for HKDSEE 30 Dat 3 Rafetion and Reaction of ih $y Page total (b)_ Fig. (b) shows a periscope made of two right triangular glass prisms, An object is placed in front of the periscope. In Fig. (b), construct a ray diagram to show how the image is formed by the periscope. Label the image with F, State the natures ofthe image. (3 marks) (Total: 5 marks) object t Fig. (>) GRRETAALestions items) 1. Fig. (a) shows the electromagnetic spectrum, J Radio waves ai Gamma rays (a) Name the regions 4, B and C. (marks) (b) Which of the above electromagnetic waves (carries the largest amount of energy”? (ii) has the lowest frequency? (ii) is used in examining luggage at airports? (iv) can cause a suntan to people? (4: marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited =e Physies Suocess Key for HKDSEE 3& Part 3 wave Motion Page total (©) A thick glass block is placed on a mirror and a ray of white light is incident on the thick ass block at an angle @ to the normal as shown in Fig. (b). ai i thick i ‘lass block Fig. (b) Describe what is observed when viewed from above, Explain your answer by drawing light rays in Fig. (b). (3 marks) (Total: 10 marks) 2. miror 0.5m wy ope rere Go aboy amen 3m 1.6m 1.4m 15m A plane mirror is hung on the corner of a wall as shown in the figure. A man stands below the mirror and ‘watch the back of the room in the mirror, (a) A boy stands behind the man as shown. Draw two light rays in the above figure to show how the man can see the whole image of the boy in the mirror. Hence, sketch in the following space provided the image of the boy seen by the man, Use an arrowhead to represent the image. (4 marks) © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited =2- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3% Unit 3 Reflection and Refract of Lit Page total (b) According to the dimensions given in the figure, find the longest distance behind the man that he can see in the mirror. (S marks) (©) Ifthe man walks one step forwards, how will the result obtained in (b) be affected? Explain briefly. (2 marks) (Total: 11 marks) 3. ' I x ‘A light ray travels from air to a semi-circular glass block along the direction XO where O is the centre of the glass block as shown in the figure, The light ray is then refracted along OY in air. The corresponding values of the angle of refraction r are measured for different values of the angle of incidence #. The following table shows the result obtained: i is? 20° 25° 35° 40° r 228° 30.5° 39.6° 59.1% 4a? sini sin (@) How would the frequency, wavelength and speed of the light ray be changed when the light ray enters the glass block from air? (3 marks) (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -23- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3en 3 wave Motion Page total (b) @__ Using ascale of 1 cm to 0.1, plot the graph of sin against sin i (4 marks) (ii) Find the slope of the graph and state its physical meaning. (2 marks) it) Hence, find the critical angle of the glass block. (2 marks) (Total: 11 marks) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -24- Physios Success Key for HKDS B3Op, U3 Reflection and Refraction of Light & Page total 4. The figure shows a man try to catch a fish by throwing a spear into the water. y eye 1am 4m j—_4m___, water n (@) Draw light ray in the figure to show how the man can see the fish beneath the sea, (1 mark) (b) Explain briefly why the apparent position of the fish seen by the man is not the actual position of the fish in the sea, How the spear should be aimed at the fish in order to catch the fish? (3 marks) (© The man’ eyes are 1.8 m above the water surface and the angle of incidence in water for the light ray drawn in (a) is 36°, Find the angle of refraction in air. Hence, estimate the actual depth of the fish. Given that the refractive index of water is 1.33, (5 marks) (@)_The scene above the water surface seen by the fish should be compressed into a circular patch of radius r at the water surface. Find r. (3 marks) (Total: 12 marks) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -25- Physies Suecess Key for HKDSEE 33 vows 0 Page total ays (1 item) 1. An optical fibre is a pure glass fibre that allows light to travel along the fibre for a long distance with only a JJ) Sovall amount of energy loss. In. 1965, Charles K. Kao (7&5$8) was the first to propose that the attenuation in fibres available at the time was caused by impurities, which could be removed. He theorised that the attenuation in pure glass optical fibres could be reduced below 20 decibels per kilometer (dB/km), which allows fibres to be a practical medium for communication. This discovery led to Kao being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009. jacket ‘outfer coating ladaing core Fig. (a) An optical fibre consists of a core, a cladding and a buffer coating as shown in Fig. (a), The travelling of light is confined in the core by total internal reflection. The cladding is a layer surrounding the core that reflects light back to the core. The plastic buffer coating protects the fibre from damage and moisture. (a) State two differences between optical fibres and copper wires for the transmission of signals. (2 marks) (b) State three advantages of optical fibres when compared with copper wires for the transmission of signals. G marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited 26 - Physies Suocess Key for HKDSEE 3Op, U3 Reflection and Refraction of Light, & Page total (©) To confine the optical signal in the core, the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding. Explain why. (2 marks) (d)_ In step-index fibre, the boundary between the core and cladding is abrupt as shown in Fig. (b). cladding Fig. (0) (i Draw a ray diagram in Fig. (b) to show how light is confined in the core. (1 mark) Gi) Because the light must strike the core-cladding boundary with an angle greater than the critical angle, only light that enters the fiber within a certain range of angles can travel along the core without leaking out. This range of angles is called the acceptance cone of the fiber as shown in Fig. (b). The half-angle of this cone is called the acceptance angle Ogu: of the fibre and sin @yq is called the numerical aperture NA. Show that for step-index fibre, NA is determined only by the indices of refraction as NA where 1 is the reffactive index of the core and n, is the refractive index of the cladding and assume that light travels from air to the core. (4 marks) {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -27- Physies Suecess Key for HKDSER 3of 3 Wave Motion Page total (iii) Given that 2, = 1.5 and ,= 1.4, Find NA and hence the critical angle between the core= cladding boundary. (3 marks) (Total: 15 marks) ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Lis ied -28- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3 LIL, Diffraction and Interference of Light and Lenses «a VZ a Name: ‘Total 20 1 3 4 : © Examination Analysis “Total 726 Past Examination Paper Analysis ........... 2 Examination Trend. .sssscssssseseeeee ae : © Useful Formulae 2 3 @ Examination Scoring Techniques . 7 5 © Common Mistakes ... © Revision Test Multiple-choice Questions .. Short Questions .. Structured Questions Essays. CPR aN tne n Geen cu nec) Ts) ‘Total “Tal AS ‘Total marks nooa 3 Wave Motion A. *,Examination Analysis ——£§@—@ £———————. Past Examination Paper Analysis (a) Multiple-choice Questions HKCEE HKAL Topic Year | Paper | Question No. | Year | Paper | Question No. Diffraction of light 2007 | mA 16 2000 | 1A 18 Interference of light 2001 Wl 24 1999 | HA 2 2003 | ou 7 2001 | IA mee 2002 | MA 15 2008 | IA R Convex and concave lenses 2001 u 15 2007 | 1A 2 Construction rules forimages |_2003 | IL 15 1999 | A 10 formed by lenses 2006 | WA B 2000 | IA 20 2008 | MIA 15 2002 | MA 16 2003 | A 7 Image formation by lenses 2001 ut 14 yoo | TIA u 2001 1 8 2005 | MIA 9 2003 | ll 16 2003 | ul 18 2004 | tt 16 2004 | 17 2005 | mA 1 2005 | HA 12 2006 | IIA l4 2007 | mA 15 2007 | mB 35 2008 | lA 2 © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -2- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 4 pitiraction and Interference of Light and Lenses (b) Short Questions / Structured Questions Year | Paper | Question No. | Marks Content 1999 cE 8 12 marks | The image formation of convex lens in a'camera and Paper 1B complete a ray diagram of three given incident rays. Determine the change of the size of the image if'a lens of longer focal length is used. 2000 cE 1 6 marks | From the size of an image, determine the nature of Paper IA the image formed by a convex lens and hence draw the corresponding ray diagram, 2000 AL ma) 5 marks | By plotting the first order diffraction angle against Paper IB the wavelength, find the spacing of a diffraction grating 2001 cE 3 S marks | Determine what kind of lenses is used from an Paper lA image formed by the lens and hence draw the corresponding ray diagram to show how the image is formed. 2002 cE ll 15 marks | Application of concave lens in a simple peephole Paper IB which is installed at an entrance door to identify visitors, 2003 cE 1 4 marks | Determine what kind of lenses is used from an Paper IA image formed by the lens and hence draw the corresponding ray diagram to show how the image is formed. 2004 ce L 15 marks | Application of convex lens in a simple slide Paper IB projector. 2005 cE 4 6 marks | From an observed image, determine the nature of Paper IA the image formed and what kind of lenses is used. Hence, draw the corresponding ray diagram, {© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physics Sueess Key for HKDSEE 3& Part’ 3 wave Motion Year | Paper | Question No. | Marks Content 2006 cE 5 T marks | Application of convex lens mounted on the rear Paper LA window of a car. 2006 AL 7 7 marks | By plotting the first order diffraction angle against Paper IB the wavelength, find the spacing of a diffraction grating, Hence, find the highest order of diffraction for violet light 2008 CE 6 5 marks | Use provided apparatus to describe the procedures Paper A of an experiment to find the focal length of a convex lens, (c) Essays Year | Paper —_ | Question No. | Marks Content 1999 AL 2(b) 6 marks | Describe an experiment to measure the wavelength Paper IIB of red light by using a diffraction grating 2000 AL 2) 6 marks | Use Young’ double slit to show that light propagates Paper IIB, asa wave. 2001 Al 2X0) | Smarks | Describe an experiment to demonstrate the wave Paper IIB nature of light and to estimate its wavelength by using a double slit, State further evidence for the electromagnetic and the transverse nature of light. 2004 AL 2(b), (©) | U1 marks | State the meaning of diffraction of light and discuss Paper 1B how the size of an obstacle or aperture affects diffraction. Show, with the aid of a diagram, how diffraction grating reinforces the diffracted waves in certain directions and state the advantages of diffraction grating compared with a prism for the study of spectra, 2008 AL 20) 8 marks | Derive the fringe separation of the fringe pattern Paper UB formed by Youngs double slit in terms of d, D and A. Hence, explain what would be observed by adjusting the variables. (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -4- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 4 Ditraction and intererence of Light and Lenses, o Examination Trend (a) (b) () (dd) (©) oO () @userui Formulae Construct ray diagrams to show how images are formed by convex and concave lens respectively Examine how the nature of the image varies with the position of the object for convex lens, a 1 = 10 solve problems for a single thin lens. Notice that “convention Apply the lens formula 1 4 A y REAL is positive” is used. Use Young’ double slit experiment to demonstrate the wave nature of light Derive the fringe separation of the fringe pattern formed by a Youngs double slit in terms of d, D and A. Use diffraction grating to demonstrate the wave nature of light. Apply dsin @ = nd in diffraction grating to solve problems, e.g, find the wavelength of a light, examine the visible spectrum observed and find the highest order of diffraction. Useful term Formula 1. Magnification ° Ft = M= ow (M: magnification, I: image size, O: object size, v: image distance, uu: object distance) 2. Lens formula Rules for the sign of v and f: Sign Image distance v | _ Focal length fF Positive (+) Real image Convex lens Negative (-) Virtual image Concave lens (©2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3or Wave Motion 3. Youngs double slit fringe pattern observed nth ordor A fringe Yon the zeroth order bright fringe The position of the mth order bright fringe mAD Yn where m= 0, 1,2, ... a The position of the mth order dark fringe n= (m4 222 where m= 0, 1,2, 24 Fringe separation ay 2 a (A: wavelength, a: slit separation, D: separation between slit and screen) 4. Diffracting grating For bright fringes dsin@=na where n= 0, +1, 42,... (a: slit separation, 6: angle of diffraction, 2: wavelength) Hence, the highest possible order for bright fringes is governed by d nei (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -6- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Ope 2A difraction and interference of Light and Lenses Po] & Examination scoring Techniques ——————_—__________ 1, Understanding the Meaning of Converging and Diverging (a) Converging (convex lens) principle Converging means: The light ray is refracted towards the principle axis alter refraction. Therefore, ‘ex lens is also known as converging lens (b) Diverging (concave lens) Diverging means: The light ray is refracted away from the principle axis after refraction principle axis Therefore, concave lens is also known as diverging lens, © 2010 Times Publis ig (Hong Kong) Limited -7- Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3a3 ‘Wave Mation 2, Knowing How to Use Construction Rules Construction rules centre C without deviation Incident ray Refracted ray Ray diagram (a) | parallel to the pass through Convex lens principal axis principal focus F t Coneave lens (b) | towards € pass through optical | Convex lens Concave lens ‘© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physics Success Key for HKDSEE 3Unit A difraction and interference of Light and Lenses, & © | towards F parallel to the Convex lens principal axis Concave lens 3. Forming Images with Different Object Distances (u: object distance, v: image distance, f: focal length) (a) Convex lens Object distance w Ray diagram Image formed vef Real Inverted Diminished use u>2f faved Real Inverted Diminished (© 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part wave Motion u=2f v=2f Real Inverted Same size as object feu<2f v> 2 Real Inverted Magnified ve Magnified Other properties can not be determined Behind the object Virtual Erect Magnified uf (©2010 Times Poblishing (Hong Kong) Limited -10- Physics Suecess Key for HKDSEE 3Unit 4 Difraction and interference of Light and Lens & (b) Concave lens Object distance w Image formed vaf Virwal Erect Diminished ude O Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3% Unit A difiraction and interference of Light and Lenses o Page total @ Revision Test” GTITERTTETGisstions 5 In the Figure, F and F* denote the foe ofthe lens, If a light ray is incident on the lens as shown,which light ray best represents the emergent ray? (20 items, I mark each) 1, In the figures, F and F" denote the foci of J the lenses. Which of the ray diagrams is/are AP BQ QR Ds 3 J @ In the figure, F and denote the foci of the lens. Ifa light ray is incident on the lens as shown, which light ray best represents the emergent ray? AP @) BQ GR DS LJ 2 OF FOF A. (only B. @)only (and 2) only D. (2) and (3) only O An object O is placed in front of a concave lens and an image / is formed as shown in the figure. 2 The height of the object and that of the image J P are 5 cm and 2 em respectively. Find the distance between the image and the object if the object - Foor distance is 18 em AL 6em R B. 72cm C. 108¢em s O D. 12em ©2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -15- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3& Part 3 wave Motion 3 °. y An object 0 js placed in front of a convex lens as shown in the figure. F and F” denote the foci of the lens. Which of the following ray di correctly shows how the incident rays are refracted to form the image /2 Page total ‘A photographer takes a photo of an ant crawling ‘on a flower as shown in the figure. Which of the following ray diagrams correctly shows how A 9 the image of the ant is formed by the lens of the tf camera? F and F’ denote the foci of the lens. A per - y i F image B. ° E _— ant z « 2 ae image F LK, c. image nh » NS RAY ‘an - P F sk O © 2010 Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -16- Physies Success Key for HKDSEE 3