KEVIN YULDE DE GUZMAN

BPA 3B
PUBLIC POLICY AND PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
MODULE 6 – Techniques in Policy Implementation
ASSIGNMENT/ASSESSMENT

Lesson 1 – DEFINITION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1. Define and discuss what is policy implementation?
It is the process of translating a policy into actions and presumptions into results through various
projects and programmes. Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a
method, or any design, idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. As
such, implementation is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking in order for something
to actually happen.

2. What are the steps needed to implement a policy ?

It consists of 9 steps to have an effective policy implementation .
Step 1: Consultation
Step 2: Tailor the policy to your business
Step 3: Define obligations clearly; be specific
Step 4: Make the policy realistic
Step 5: Publicized the policies and procedures
Step 6: Train all employees in policies and procedures
Step 7: Be consistent in your policy and implementation
Step 8: Review all policies and procedures regularly
Step 9: Enforce the workplace and policies

Lesson 2 – HOW POLICY INSTRUMENT WAS CHOSEN FOR IMPLEMENTATION

1. What are policy instruments? Give examples.

These are the tools which can be used to overcome problems and achieve objectives.
They include conventional transport methods such as new infrastructure, traffic
management and pricing policies, but increasingly they also involve attitudinal changes
and use of information technology. The types of policy instruments can be a land use
measures; infrastructure provision; management of the infrastructure; information
provision; attitudinal and behavioural measures; and pricing.

2. What are the theories in selecting policy instruments?

Policy instruments are a fundamental component of public policies. Policy instruments

are often a result of mediation within the policy design process, whenever
decision makers reshape existing instruments without introducing any real innovation.
Decision makers may have different reasons for choosing certain specific instruments,
although these reasons should be connected to the two main purposes of decision-
making, that is, the search for effectiveness and the construction of a shared sense, a
common acceptance. Thus, the choice of instruments is a question of potentially
conflicting drivers that decision makers have to cope with within a specific decisional
situation, when asked to solve those problems that have arisen. According to some
policy makers , policies created under hybridization, stratification, contamination or
routinization.

3. Select a distinctive characteristics policy and discuss.

The policy outcomes should be clearly stated. It means policy must have a clear
purpose and outcome if it is to be of any value to the organization. It is important that
 staff recognize the problem that is being addressed through the policy
implementation. It is extremely difficult to implement policy in a situation where
people do not perceive there is a need for the specific policy unit to be developed or
implement. If policy is being implemented to support an organization in its growth and
develop it is imperative that policy outcomes are clearly stated so that everyone and
understands why the policy has been implemented in what the policy expectations
are.

Lesson 3 – ELEMENTS OF GOOD IMPLEMENTATION

1. What are the elements of policy implementation?

Policy implementation is seen as a tension generating force in society. Tensions are

generated between and within four components of the implementing process: idealized policy,
implementing organization, target group, and environmental factors. And these components
are also the elements behind policy implementation.

2. Identify the different steps in implementation analysis using your own words.
Same with decision making , analyzing policy implementation should undergo on this
steps , first in establishing your goals , second is formulate your policies for executions of strategies ,
third , is the allocation of resources , fourth ,actual performance of tasks and activities , and last is
leading and controlling the performance of activities or tactics in various levels of the organization.

Lesson 4 – PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. Discuss briefly the different phases of implementation.
The different phases are exploration , installation , initial implementation , full
implementation , expansion and scale-up.

Exploration
The first stage of implementation that involves stakeholders in assessing needs, identifying the
innovation or practice that will address the needs, creating support for the needed innovation or
practice, and deciding to move forward the change effort.
Installation: Building System Capacity
The second stage of implementation that involves building system capacity and
resources to adopt a new practice or innovation. This stage includes selecting sites and
implementation teams, building communication and feedback loops, developing training and TA,
and determining evaluation methods.

Initial Implementation
The third stage of implementation involving steps in which the new practices are first
being put to use. This includes providing intensive TA and coaching and addressing challenges
as they emerge. Data is used to assess the quality of implementation and to quickly identify
problems and make decisions for improvement.
Full Implementation
The fourth stage in the implementation process when most practitioners are
implementing a new innovation or set of practices with fidelity and are achieving the expected
outcomes.
Scale-up
Scale-up refers to the adoption of policies, practices, and implementation strategies that
promote widespread, sustained use of evidence-based practices first with-in the program or
agency and then spread out across multiple programs or agencies. This is also referred to as
expansion.

2. What are the benefits of policy analysis ?

It helps to define and outline the goals of a proposed policy and in identifying similarities and
differences in expected outcomes and estimated costs with competing alternativepolicies.
 Lesson 5 – FACTORS AFFECTING POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
1. List down the different factors affecting policy implementation.
Different factors influence policy development and implementation, such as the content of
the policy, the nature of the policy process, the actors involved in the process, and the context in
which the policy is designed and implemented.
2. Why do you think leadership affects policy implementation on the process?
Leadership have a big impact in implementing policy cause he is the one who is capable for
reshape mandates, resources, structures and programmes.

Lesson 6 – PROBLEMS IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1. What are the typical implementation barriers?
It can be rooted in a variety of causes, including opposition from key stakeholders, inadequate
human or financial resources, lack of clarity on operational guidelines or roles and responsibilities
for implementation, conflicts with other existing policies, lack of coordination and collaboration
between parties responsible for implementation, or lack of motivation or political will.

2. Identify atleast 3 problems in policy implementation and discuss why do you believe these are
most important .
I think these are the , lack of clarity of target goals and operational guidelines , the unclear
role and responsibilities for implementation , and lack of coordination and collaboration between
responsible persons for the implementation.

Lesson 7– PERSPECTIVE OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1. What is implementation as evolution?
It means the implementation will able to develop and evolve as the production of a robust set of
conceptual tools that enable researchers and practitioners to identify, describe and explain
important elements of implementation processes and their outcomes. The evolution of
implementation connected to the different problems encountered by the society as the world of
life changes.

2. Differentiate top-down and bottom-up model of policy approaches.

The top-down approach analyzes risk by aggregating the impact of internal operational failures
while the bottom-up approach analyzes the risks in an individual process using models. The top-
down approach doesn’t differentiate between high-frequency low severity and low-frequency high
severity events while the bottom-up approach does.

Lesson 8– THE 5-C PROTOCOL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1. Discuss and describe the 5-c protocol based on the definition using your own words.

The 5-C protocol is a tool that is used to identify key variables that can influence
theinteraction between policy implementation as part of the policy process and the context or
environment in which the policy will be implemented. All five variables are dynamic and complex
in nature and have an influential role on the goals and objectives stated in the policy. It’s all about
the content of policy , context of policy, commitment of implementers , capacity of implement ,
and clients or coalitions.

Lesson 9– IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE POLICY PROCESS

1. Why is policy implementation important as it affects the country?

It helps the country and society to be more safe , stable and have peace .
2. How can stakeholders help in policy implementation?
 They play important role in policy implementation , they can provide a support of efforts ,
resources and guidance.