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CRITICAL APPARIASAL OF LITERATURE (PART 1)

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Table of Contents
CRITICAL APPARIASAL OF LITERATURE (PART 1).....................................................1

1. JOURNAL AND ARTICLES DETAILS.....................................................................3

2. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................4

3. METHODOLGY.......................................................................................................5

4. RESULTS................................................................................................................7

5. DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................8

6. CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................9
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1. JOURNAL AND ARTICLES DETAILS

Journal# 1

Title: Role of the paramedic practitioner in the UK. The volume, date and month is given in the
citation below.

Woollard, M. (2006). The role of the paramedic practitioner in the UK. Australasian Journal of
Para medicine, 4(1).

The title of the article is the representative of the content. The content describes the role of the
paramedic practitioner in the UK. The Author of the article is Professor Malcolm Woollard. He is
the faculty member of the pre hospital care research unit and University of Teesside. He is a
well-qualified in paramedic studies. The abstract is the representative of the content exploring
new opportunities for practitioners.

Journal# 2

Title: Contribution of the paramedic in the primary and urgent care: A systematic Review. The
volume, date and month is given in the citation below.

Eaton, G., Wong, G., Williams, V., Roberts, N., & Mahtani, K. R. (2020). Contribution of
paramedics in primary and urgent care: a systematic review. British Journal of General
Practice, 70(695), e421-e426.

The title of the article is the representative of the content. The article is written by the experts
Georgette, Geoff, veronica, Roberts and Kamal in the 2020. They successfully presented role of
the paramedic in the healthcare.

Journal# 3

Title: Understanding the roles and work of paramedic in the primary care: A national cross
sectional survey. The volume, date and month is given in the citation below.

Eaton, G., Tierney, S., Wong, G., Oke, J., Williams, V., & Mahtani, K. R. (2022). Understanding
the roles and work of paramedics in primary care: a national cross-sectional survey. BMJ
open, 12(12), e067476.

The title of the article is a whole justification of the content. The Journal is written by the above
mentioned writers. They are expert in the field of paramedic.

Journal# 4
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Title: Undergraduate paramedic students and interpersonal communication development. The

volume, date, author names and month is given in the citation below.

Mangan, J., Rae, J., Anderson, J., & Jones, D. (2022). Undergraduate paramedic students and
interpersonal communication development: a scoping review. Advances in Health Sciences
Education, 27(4), 1113-1138.

The content clearly evaluates the paramedic student and interpersonal communication
development. Interpersonal communications are fosters through human interactions.

Journal # 5

Title: Descriptive analysis of the mental health related presentation to emergency medical
services. The volume, date, author names and month is given in the citation below.

Roggenkamp, R., Andrew, E., Nehme, Z., Cox, S., & Smith, K. (2018). Descriptive analysis of
mental health-related presentations to emergency medical services. Prehospital Emergency
Care, 22(4), 399-405.

The article clearly illustrates the demographic and clinical characteristics of the mental health
related EMS Pre sensations in Victoria Australia.

2. INTRODUCTION
Journal# 1

The problem in the journal was the weakness in the provision of the paramedical and primary
services in the UK. The objective is to highlight the importance of paramedics in the primary
healthcare treatment. The literature was provided to provide evidence of their contributions. The
articles were between from 2000-2005 years. The literature review manifests the importance
and present example programs to support topic.

Journal# 2

Problem: Several paramedics in the United Kingdom are leaving the ambulance service for
other primary care positions because of the increased flexibility in the field.

The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview of the clinical responsibilities
paramedics in the United Kingdom are taking on in primary and urgent care.

The literature review is not a part of the study however, the different supporting content from
different research is given. The articles are recent and up-to-date.
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Journal# 3

The problem in the UK was the moving away of employment from the ambulance services to the
primary care setting. The objective of the paper is to understand pattern of education level,
experience, salary, and clinical supervision for paramedics in primary care. The proper literature
review is not given and the articles are mostly up to date.

Journal# 4

There is no clear problem statement on the topic. The article has descriptive in nature and
proper literature review is given. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the state of
research on the topic of teaching interpersonal communication skills to paramedical
undergraduates. The literature framework present useful content to highlight the importance of
the effective communication in the hospital setting among undergraduate students.

Journal# 5

Help and support are necessary for people with mental health issues in the community to be
able to get appropriate treatment when they need it. Nevertheless, there is a significant disparity
between the need for and the supply of mental health treatments throughout the world.

The main objective of the study is to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of mental
health related EMS pre sensation in Victoria. The literature was not properly discussed.

3. METHODOLGY
Journal# 1

The descriptive method (Observational studies) is used in the journal such as a consultant
document by the advisory committee for data collection. The study design should have more
descriptive and survey should be conducted through interviews to evaluate results. The study
design is not clearly outlined. The strengths of the study design are piece of evidences from
different observational studies. The population being studied was the patients and percentage of
calls attended for them. Sample size was not given although, the they all belong to the UK. The
biggest percentage of patients who were successfully treated and released from the hospital
were classified as category A, proving that this technique is effective. The data was collected
from the consultant document.

Journal# 2
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The study design is a systematic review of articles from Cochrane database. The study design
and methods are appropriate for this study due to exploration of numerous data verify the
results. Systemic review aloe researchers to better understand efficacy, and benefited more
comprehensively extrapolate findings to large population. There was no population being
studies except systemic review of 6765 references. All writers discussed the studies' data that
were included. A table was used to characterize and summaries the included studies. After that,
we iterated on a coding framework to convey the most salient results of our data extraction.

Journal# 3

The online survey was used. The survey's mix of qualitative and quantitative questions reflected
the study's many goals. The study design was appropriate and collection of data has been
analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. The patients and public groups
were also involving in the design of this study. They were from England and whales. The
outcomes measures were clearly aligning with the study objective

Journal# 4

The scoping review method was applied in the study design. Scoping reviews also encourage
the investigation of a more general research issue, which might pave the way for more targeted
questions in subsequent systematic reviews. The population be to examine was the
undergraduate paramedic students. A search was conducted using the database cumulative
index to the allied and nursing literature. The data was collected from the 176 articles and
clearly align with the stated objectives and goal of this journal.

Journal# 5

They looked back at all EMS presentations and secondary phone triage occurrences from
January to December 2015 and analyzed the data. The data was collected from the ambulance
Victoria data warehouse. The continuous data was described suing median and interquartile
range. The comparison as concluded using Kruskul Wallis test. The sample population was
from Victoria Australia EMS cases of almost 526,862. The article successfully explains the
characteristics and clinical manifestation of mental health related EMS.
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4. RESULTS
Journal# 1

There are already and will continue to be many openings in primary, unplanned, and emergency
pre-hospital care. Professional leadership, competency standardization, and training are
essential for the advanced paramedic practitioner position to be developed and implemented
effectively. The results are clearly described and description is appropriate to evaluate the final
findings.

Journal# 2

A total of 6765 references were evaluated based on their titles and/or abstracts. Twenty-four
papers were accepted after reading their entire texts. Paramedics' contributions to the primary
care workforce, the types of clinical activities they performed, the level of patients’ satisfaction
they achieved, and the need for additional educational and training opportunities for paramedics
transitioning from the ambulance service to primary care were among the most important
findings. The results are clearly described and description is appropriate to evaluate the final
findings.

Journal# 3

Paramedics' titles, educational requirements, and access to clinical supervision in primary care
settings differed widely. It was found that there are varying degrees of practice, despite the
existence of guidance materials meant to standardize the position. Relationships between
paramedic clinical experience in primary care, education level, and independence in prescribing
medications, and the frequency with which clinical presentations are observed and exams are
done were emphasized by statistical analysis of quantitative data. Yet, open-ended answers
showed that paramedics working in this environment are frustrated by the lack of opportunities
for further education and clinical supervision to aid in their professional growth. The results are
clearly described and evaluated.

Journal# 4

The results of this research study suggest that developing one's communication skills via
genuine human encounters might boost self-esteem, skill-awareness, empathy, and the
recognition of one's own biases. The effectiveness of interprofessional and interprofessional
simulation education approaches in improving students' communication skills and teamwork
knowledge has been shown. The results explain topic to much extent.
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Journal# 5

There is a wide variety of clinical presentations for instances connected to mental health, which
account for one in ten EMS attendances in Victoria. As can be shown, only a minority of patients
really need immediate crisis care, yet this minority places a significant strain on ambulance,
police, and mental health systems. The results are clearly described and description is
appropriate to evaluate findings.

5. DISCUSSION
Journal# 1

Yes, all of the discussion was relevant to the topic. The discussion is based on the results.
There is no out of context discussion. The author tried to explain the need of the paramedic
practitioners and their roles in the critical care and management of the chronically ill patients.

An immediate need exists for outcome-based research that provides an unbiased assessment
of ongoing and future advanced practitioner training.

Journal# 2

Yes, the discussion is relevant and review has set out scope and content from the literature.
The discussion section correlates with the comparison of existing literature and some strengths
and limitation of the study. Several caveats should be taken into account when interpreting
these findings. It's conceivable that no relevant research was found, even if a search strategy
was developed and put into action with the help of an information professional. It was agreed
upon that the evidentiary base would be described and mapped. It was decided not to do a
formal meta-analysis or quality assessment of the study on paramedics' efficacy in primary and
urgent care settings.

Journal# 3

The discussion is relevant to the results and findings of the study. This study confirms the
findings of previous literature highlighting differences in (A) the job titles identified by
paramedics in primary care settings, (B) the clinical work and examinations conducted by
paramedics in this setting, and (C) the entrance requirements in regards to clinical education
and previous experience to work in primary healthcare.
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This poll may not accurately represent the opinions of paramedics who are not members of their
professional body or who do not have accounts on social media platforms since it was primarily
disseminated by the UK College of Paramedics.

Journal# 4

The discussion is much relevant to the current literature and results section focusing on the
interpersonal communication to build student comfort and confidence. The Author opinion
remain objective throughout the paper. Limitation: Not all database was searched and some
articles were missing during scoping review.

Journal# 5

The discussion is relevant to study findings and result section. The discussion section discusses
the same statistics and facts as given in the Results. Limitation: There are a few limitations to
our research. To begin, there is no uniform way to recognize prehospital mental health
presentations. Furthermore, the search approach used for recognizing prehospital mental health
presentations varied across EMS-attended as well as secondary triage patients.

6. CONCLUSION
Yes, the conclusion is based on the data from literature, discussion and Findings in case of all
five journals. The Conclusion included some review of whole paper, recommendations and
limitations of the study.