CHAPTER 1 (Case study)

CENTRAL MARKET

During the Atienza administration, the Central Market, which is located at Fugoso Street and
Quezon Boulevard in Santa Cruz, Manila, underwent a significant restoration. Despite its airy
and updated environment, it no longer draws as many visitors as it once did. Yet, Central
Market seems to provide sufficient service to the locals of Manila's southeast. In February 2014,
then-Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada proposed a public-private collaboration with SM
Development Corporation in place of the latter's plan to rebuild the Central Market as a three-
story building with parking on the roof deck and a grocery store on the ground level.
Unfortunately, the aforementioned reconstruction was abandoned since Manila lacks ownership
rights to the property.
Quinta market

Quinta Market, or "pamilihang bayan ng Quinta" In (spanish: Mercado de la Quinta". located in

Carlos palanca street Quiapo, Manila, is one of the oldest and most famous markets in the
Philippines. and one of the busiest and most crowded districts in the city. where vendors sell a
wide variety of goods, including fresh produce, dry goods, clothes, and religious items. The
market was named after the street where it is located (Quiapo). The Quinta Market's history
dates back to the Spanish colonial period, where it was established in 1851, as a small
marketplace for locals to buy and sell goods. Over the years, the market has gone through
several changes and renovations. The market was heavily damaged by an earthquake in 1863,
and was rebuilt in 1878, according to plans by Félix Rojas, the first Filipino architect in the
philippines. On December 8, 1900s, at the onset of the American colonization of the Philippines,
new plans for the market were drawn up by Lieutenant Lytle Brown of the United States Army
Corps of Engineers, constructed at a cost of $67,821.29 (around $2.03 million in 2017 dollars).
Quinta Market reopened to the public on October 21, 1901. During this time, the market was a
popular wholesale market which was especially busy on Fridays, serving residents of all social
classes. In 2008, the market was renovated. Despite improvements to the structure over the
years, the market itself was still generally considered to be dilapidated, which prompted the city
government of Manila to build an entirely new market. In 2014, the Manila City Council passed
Ordinance No. 8346, The Quinta Market was named as the first market to be demolished and
rebuilt under the ordinance. Demolition of the old Quinta Market took place later on July 27,
2015 at 8:00 am. The new market's foundation was finished in November 2015. On April 19,
2017, Estrada's 80th birthday, the ₱150 million Quinta Market and Fishport was inaugurated
and reopened to the public.
DIVISORIA

Divisoria is a commercial center in between tondo and binondo in manila philippines, that is
known as the mother of all markets in metro manila because of its crowded streets, sprawling
markets, bargain prices and its diverse manufacturing activities. Divisoria is located at 557 M.
De Santos St, San Nicolas, Manila, 1010 Metro Manila. Divisoria is the biggest of the three
central markets in the city of manila. In the year 1909, the area where the Divisoria Mall stands
was a former market that is historically said to be the earliest and the largest Market in Manila.
Business in Divisoria started during the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines. It was a product
of the spanish colonial rule when it banned the non-christian chinese small time businesses to
sell near the wall in intramuros. The chinese then, established their retail binondo and was
called “Mercado de la divisoria”, divisoria has a good location for business because of its
accessible access to transportation such are the waterways in binondo when it was still being
used as a transport system through the route of pasig river, then the tutuban station that brought
local customers and tourist in the area. The wet and dry markets in Divisoria have been around
for decades and have been a source of livelihood for many vendors and traders in the area. The
dry market is a collection of stores selling various goods such as clothes, accessories, toys, and
souvenirs. The wet market, on the other hand, is a marketplace where fresh produce, seafood,
meat, and other food items are sold. These markets have been a significant part of the
community's economy and culture, providing affordable goods to the residents of the
surrounding areas the prices in the area are way cheaper and there are wide range selections
of products that attracts customer from near cities and suburban areas
COMMON PROBLEMS.

One of the challenges is the lack of modernization and infrastructure improvements. The
market's facilities and amenities are outdated and inadequate, and the vendors operate in
cramped and unsanitary conditions. The market also lacks proper waste management and
sanitation practices, resulting in environmental and health hazards. In addition, the market faces
competition from other modern and well-equipped markets in the city, which offer better
amenities and services. The market also suffers from overcrowding, traffic congestion, and
security issues, making it a challenging and sometimes dangerous place to visit. The market is
known to attract pickpockets, thieves, and other criminals, which can be a threat to both vendors
and shoppers. The lack of proper lighting and security measures also makes the market
vulnerable to crimes such as robbery and theft. and there is a shortage of parking spaces,
public restrooms. The narrow streets and alleys make it difficult for pedestrians and vehicles to
move around the market. Another common problem is the presence of illegal vendors and
counterfeit goods. These vendors often sell cheap and low-quality goods, which can be harmful
to consumers. They also contribute to the overcrowding and congestion in the market, as well
as the loss of revenue for legitimate vendors and businesses.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinta_Market

https://www.coursehero.com/file/94112249/HISTORY-OF-CENTRAL-MARKETdocx/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/
bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/politics-about-place-a-case-study-of-the-struggles-
over-public-spaces-of-street-vendors-in-divisoria/2530626
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-8-best-markets-in-manila-
philippines/
https://guidetothephilippines.ph/destinations-and-attractions/divisoria
TONGBOK MARKET
Tongbok Market is considered one of the traditional markets in South Korea it was built in
the 1950s, and the bull market dominated the old Pyeongtaek market. After the June 25th War,
it was transferred to its current location and formed with the grain market and bull market as the
center. There are currently more than 600 stores in the market. Tongbok Market has
something for everyone. At the market they sell variety of products like; Cleaning
supplies, Clothes, Donuts, Fish, Fresh produce, and Meat. Sometimes if you walk
through the front entrance, you will see fresh fish being dropped off or other types of
fresh produce being delivered. There are also restaurants inside the market where you
can dine in or take out your foods. Fresh fruits were also much cheaper there than the
one sold in mart and grocery stores.

JIDONG MARKET

Jidong Market is a traditional market in the heart of Suwon in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. This
market is pretty old and has been there for decades since 1200 AD. During that time it was one
of the most famous markets in Korea, the market is where merchants and travelers pass
through during their journey. Visitors of the markets can find traditional dishes and dried
cheeses, restaurants serving traditional dishes and delicacies, butchers selling meats, fruits and
vegetable sellers, etc.
COMMON PROBLEMS
Based on the reviews that I’ve read about these two markets, the parking was the most
common problem. They said that there are limited parking spaces, difficult to park, and parking
limited within a certain period of time. Some reviews said that the place is dirty and smelly. The
aisle becomes narrower because of the stalls, and some people pulls bicycle or carts between
them making it much narrower and hard to walk.

https://www.safarway.com/en/property/jidong-market
https://whereintheworldismaria.com/tongbok-traditional-market/

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jidong+Market/@37.2779417,127.0195371,44m/data=!
3m1!1e3!4m8!3m7!1s0x357b4349e8797107:0x578ad93b7735ae37!8m2!3d37.2779695!
4d127.0195055!9m1!1b1!16s%2Fg%2F1vystg5m
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tongbok+Traditional+Market/
@36.997076,127.0793903,16z/data=!4m12!1m2!2m1!1stongbok+market+problems!3m8!
1s0x357b3affcd8905ef:0xf636e06a2fa38106!8m2!3d36.9971894!4d127.0839751!9m1!1b1!
15sChd0b25nYm9rIG1hcmtldCBwcm9ibGVtc1oZIhd0b25nYm9rIG1hcmtldCBwcm9ibGVtc5IBB
m1hcmtldOABAA!16s%2Fg%2F1td0wcx7?hl=en

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Public markets have been a vital part of community life for centuries, providing a place for
people to buy and sell goods and services. Public markets are an essential aspect of community
economics and play a critical role in the livelihood of many people. In this review of related
literature, we will explore the importance of public markets and how they contribute to the
economic and social development of people.

Public markets are crucial to the economic development of communities, especially in

developing countries. They provide opportunities for small-scale producers to sell their goods
and services, creating income and employment opportunities. According to a study by Sean
Byrne et al (2021), public markets are an essential source of income for many small-scale
producers. The study also found that public markets play a vital role in the marketing of
agricultural products and contribute to the economic development of rural communities.

Moreover, public markets support the local economy by generating income and providing a
market for local products. According to a study by Sean Byrne et al. (2021), public markets
contribute to the economic development of local communities by generating income,
employment, and supporting local production. The study also found that public markets provide
access to affordable and fresh food, promoting food security, and contributing to the
improvement of public health.

Public markets also serve a social function in the community, bringing people together and
creating a sense of community. According to a study by Sean Byrne et al. (2021), public
markets are essential community assets that promote social interaction and community building.
The study also found that public markets serve as a place for cultural exchange and contribute
to the preservation of local traditions and practices.

Social and Cultural Impact of Public Markets:

Public markets also have a social and cultural impact on the communities they serve. They
provide a gathering space for residents, bringing together people from different backgrounds
and promoting social cohesion. Public markets can also serve as a showcase for local culture,
with vendors selling traditional foods and crafts. However, there is a risk that public markets can
become too tourist-oriented and lose their connection to the local community.
One study, "Public Markets as Places of Social Integration in the City" (Sonnino & Marsden,
2006), examined the social impact of public markets in the United Kingdom. The study found
that public markets can serve as a place of social integration, bringing together residents from
different backgrounds and fostering a sense of community. Another study, "The Role of Public
Markets in Local Food Systems" (Levkoe et al., 2012), examined the role of public markets in
promoting local food systems. The study found that public markets can provide a venue for
small-scale farmers and other producers to sell their goods, increasing access to fresh, healthy
food for local residents.

A study was conducted in 2010 that is funded by Ford and W.K. Kellogg Foundations The study
suggests that public markets have a variety of benefits for communities, including economic
development, local food systems, social connections, public health, and enhanced public
spaces. As such, public markets should be supported and encouraged as an important aspect
of urban life.

The review found that public markets have a variety of benefits for communities,
including:

Promoting local economic development: public markets support local economies by

providing a platform for small businesses and entrepreneurs to sell their products and services.
Public markets generate employment opportunities and help to keep money circulating in the
local economy. Additionally, public markets can attract tourists and visitors, further boosting
local economic activity.

Supporting local food systems: Public markets offer a venue for small farmers to sell their
produce, which can improve food access for residents and promote sustainable agriculture
practices.

Fostering social connections: public markets build community by providing a space for
people to gather, socialize, and engage with each other. Public markets are often located in
central and accessible locations, making them a hub for community activity and interaction.
Improving public health: public markets provide access to fresh and healthy food options,
particularly for low-income communities and those living in "food deserts." Public markets offer a
wide variety of locally grown produce, meat, dairy, and other food products that are often more
affordable and healthier than options available in supermarkets.

Enhancing public spaces: Public markets can transform underutilized spaces into vibrant
gathering places, contributing to the overall livability of a community. Public markets can also
help to preserve local cultural traditions and foster a sense of place.

According to the study published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations The preferred location for markets is one with good access to a main road system and
with compatible adjacent land uses (such as catering and agribusiness industries). Urban retail
markets must be convenient for customers, preferably within walking distance of lower-income
housing areas. These location requirements will need to be balanced against other factors such
as the suitability of the site in terms of its cost, present ownership, size, suitability for
construction and availability of services. Optimum site locations will reduce the financial costs of
transportation for both sellers and buyers, lowering margins, and ultimately decreasing the costs
to consumers. In addition, the reduced costs also have an economic and environmental impact
in creating the opportunity for energy savings and for reducing potential air and noise pollution.

Internal Traffic Flows and Congestion

Congestion is often the main factor influencing the need for market improvements. Problems
often occur where access is limited to only one operating entry and exit and where the market
authority uses the gate to control entry in order to maximize revenues. If the lead-in length of the
internal access road is also very short and the parking of vehicles is not rigorously controlled,
congestion is inevitable. Altering the road pattern to work on the basis of a one-way system and
extending or changing market trading hours may solve the problem, but this will not help if the
parking of vehicles inside the market is uncontrolled and there is a lack of traffic management.

Market Lay-out

Market operations are influenced by management methods and by the physical lay-out. They
need to achieve:

● an unobstructed traffic circulation pattern and effective parking control with adequate
parking facilities being provided;
● maximum possibility for interaction between the market users leading to the possibility of
optimum price formation;
● provision and full utilization of support facilities;
● adequate arrangements for display and sale of produce to maintain produce quality; and
● efficient produce handling (such as by pallets and forklifts).

In an architecture study made by Mary Ann Aranas-Espina of Quinta Market, the

researcher stated common problems that are prevalent in most of our public markets.
1. The compatibility of the shopping place to the land use and human activities of the
adjacent areas.. In the case of Quinta, the combination of church devotion, food and shopping
provided the impetus for success.
However, the shopping malls took the cue and added the Holy Mass as a main event in the
malls on Sundays, worsening the situation for Quinta.

2. The clear and direct linkage of public commuter access to the shopping place. The
most ideal situation is achieved when the market goers embark and disembark right at the
"doorstep" of the market.
3. The systematic ingress and egress into the shopping center.
The ease of circulation for all types oF vehicles contribute to the necessary visual, physical
orderliness so that vehicular and pedestrian traffic congestion can be eliminated, if not,
minimized.
4. The defensibility of the space.
A shopping district can be planned to capitalize on its defensibility by enhancing visual controls,
eliminating dark corners, and providing security services and surveillance systems appreciable
not only by protectors, but also by those aimed to be protected.

5. The availability and workability of basic community services.

These include adequate provisions of facilities for water, power, telecommunications
Supply, drainage, security and surveillance, and such services as garbage collection and
disposal. Special services can enhance the well-being of the space, and these include street
cleaning, street decoration, and special events provisions.
6. the legibility and memorability
this includes the architecture of the streetscapes that provide the planting, site furniture,
signages, most especially, the textures and colors of the physical and natural surroundings

the minimum physical design criteria for achieving pleasurable, enjoyable, and convenient
shopping. Other criteria include the
quality and range of goods offered, and the competence of the administrators of managers

1. A strong and clear statement of arrival.

The building should
inform, direct, and guide the visitors towards the appropriate entrances, and then towards the
particular destinations inside.
2. Adequate provision of spacious and secure parking spaces. This is compulsory not only to
service private car owners but also deliveries and pick-up services.

3. The legibility of the interior space. This includes the clarity in the arrangement of goods and
services, clarity in the flow from one point to another, and clarity in the services available for the
shopper as well as the vendors and administrators.
4. The flexibility of use of the interior space. Shopping centers always benefit from the variety of
goods, services and events that are featured on an occasional basis. The
interior space must be able to respond to the needs of such occasions.
5. The defensibility of the interior space. The users and goods, the
structure and the services within the building must be secured from burglary, arson, and other
crimes, and from vandalism, vagrancy, and other disturbances.
6. The adequacy and efficiency of building and operation systems.
The provision of adequate and efficient building systems Contributes to the ease and efficiency
of maintenance and operations of a shopping place. Such provisions include people-moving
systems; products-moving systems; vending systems; monitoring systems; security and
surveillance systems; and others. These may be electronic (computerized), mechanical,
manual, or personal services. Provisions for customer services are also important features of a
modernized shopping center.

https://thomsonadsett.com/the-transformative-benefits-and-enduring-popularity-of-public-
markets/?fbclid=IwAR1ItCxVAYmXZoHgigN39xVvegdyCWFEdg6ogX2rsfBMnQfRx6fjvO1j-KE

https://www.pps.org/article/the-benefits-of-public-markets

https://www.fao.org/3/X4026E/x4026e0a.htm#TopOfPage

https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/download/6336/5595