REFLECTION OF LOYALTY IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S

THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA

INTRODUCTION

Every parent wants the best for their children when they start learning, whether it's in school or
through informal education. They may send their children to top schools or teachers in the hope
of providing them with the best education. This is to ensure that their children excel in their
chosen fields of study, and that they feel comfortable and trust their teachers.

Ernest Hemingway, a famous author of his time, presents a story about a young boy who remains
loyal to his teacher, despite the teacher's repeated failures in catching fish when he goes out to
sea. The teacher in this case is an old man named Santiago. The boy, Manolin, greatly admires
Santiago, but he is not allowed to accompany him on his fishing trips due to his parents' belief
that Santiago is an unlucky fisherman. However, this doesn't stop Manolin from staying close to
Santiago and being loyal to him. He remains by Santiago's side whenever he returns from
fishing.

In this context, loyalty can be explained as a deep sense of commitment and faithfulness towards
someone, like the loyalty that Manolin shows towards Santiago as his teacher. Ernest
Hemingway, a famous author of his time, presents a story about a young boy who remains loyal
to his teacher, despite the teacher's repeated failures in catching fish when he goes out to sea. The
teacher in this case is an old man named Santiago. The boy, Manolin, greatly admires Santiago,
but he is not allowed to accompany him on his fishing trips due to his parents' belief that
Santiago is an unlucky fisherman. However, this doesn't stop Manolin from staying close to
Santiago and being loyal to him. He remains by Santiago's side whenever he returns from
fishing.

In this context, loyalty can be explained as a deep sense of commitment and faithfulness towards
someone, like the loyalty that Manolin shows towards Santiago as his teacher.
Loyalty is generally seen as a good thing, but it can also have its challenges. It means being
committed to a group or relationship and not easily giving up on it. Loyalty is often associated
with friendship, but it's also important in other areas like family, organizations, and even
countries. People can also be loyal to principles or abstract ideas.

There are two main questions when it comes to loyalty: Is it a good quality to have? And if it is,
are there limits to how far loyalty should go? These are important things to consider when
discussing loyalty. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013)

Indeed, loyalty is a positive moral value that is associated with personal and social relationships.
It involves being faithful and devoted to someone or a group. Being loyal is important in various
relationships we have in our lives, such as being a loyal friend or a loyal student.

In the novel you mentioned, the boy is a student of Santiago and has learned fishing techniques
from him. When Santiago faces failures in catching fish, the boy's parents forbid him from
accompanying Santiago. As a result, the boy joins other fishermen to catch fish. However, he
feels sad and misses being with the old man. There is an emotional bond between the boy and
Santiago because the old man had taught the boy how to fish, and the boy genuinely cares for
him. The old man is a hero figure to the boy, so he serves and helps him. The boy demonstrates
his loyalty by offering the old man a beer, carrying sardines, and providing fresh bait for him.

The boy, Manolin, has a deep affection for the old man, Santiago, and considers him to be the
greatest fisherman. His love for Santiago is natural and genuine, and he takes care of him in
every possible way. Despite the age difference, Manolin speaks to Santiago with love and
respect. He is attentive to Santiago's needs, looking after his hut and waiting for him to return
each morning. When Santiago comes back from fishing, Manolin serves him coffee and provides
companionship. Even in difficult times, Manolin continues to support and encourage Santiago,
expressing their unity by saying, "now we are fishing together again."

The boy is an important character in the novel, despite not being actively involved in the old
man's journey. He fulfills vital needs and provides emotional support to Santiago. The old man
deeply misses him and sees him as a source of comfort and assistance.
Manolin has a profound emotional attachment to the old man. His affection for Santiago is not
based on materialistic interests; rather, he desires to live with Santiago even if his parents
disapprove. Manolin values human relationships and respect more than material possessions.
Both Manolin and Santiago are idealistic figures, which strengthens their bond. Their
relationship evolves without any material motives. Their characters are marked by morality and
service. Love, loyalty, and respect deeply resonate in Manolin's mind. He holds great respect for
both his parents and the old man.

Literature serves as a reflection of the social and cultural phenomena occurring in society,
whether they are personal or societal in nature. It presents these phenomena in an engaging and
captivating manner. In Ernest Hemingway's novel, "The Old Man and the Sea," Manolin openly
displays his love for Santiago. He ensures that Santiago has enough food, blankets, and a
comfortable environment without any disturbances. Manolin's character is portrayed as a true
and genuine person, embodying the qualities of an authentic and pure individual. His unwavering
goal and sincere devotion elevate him to the status of a symbolic character. Manolin's actions are
not tainted by confusion, ambivalence, or typical adolescent desires. He is a friend who seeks
nothing but love and unwavering dedication.

Despite Manolin's father's disapproval and Santiago's advice to obey his father and leave him
after forty days without catching any fish, the boy's loyalty and conflicting emotions make him a
true human being. He faces difficult decisions, torn between his parents' wishes and his deep
bond with Santiago. However, in the end, Manolin defies his parents and vows to sail with the
old man regardless of the consequences.

In the final pages of the novella, Manolin becomes a symbol of unwavering love and loyalty. As
Santiago's student, he represents the continuation of life after death. His dedication to learning
from the old man ensures that Santiago's legacy will live on. Manolin trusts Santiago and takes it
upon himself to protect him. He urges other fishermen to stay away from Santiago and promises
to take care of the old man. Manolin's only desire is for Santiago to be safe and respected,
regardless of his achievements.
Manolin's character embodies selflessness, devotion, and the desire to preserve the well-being of
his mentor, Santiago.

Objective of the Study

The aim of this study based on the research questions above is to reveal Manolin’s loyalty to his
mentor in the novel written by Ernest Hemingway the Old Man and the Sea and showing the
indicators of loyalty.

Literary Review

Loyalty is a virtue everyone is expected to be loyal in so many and various situation and
conditions. Theoretically Royce Josiah stated that:

“Loyalty is a relative term, and always implies that there is some object, some cause, to which
any given loyalty is to be shown, we must consider what are the fitting objects of loyalty his
quotation refers to where loyalty actually is shown in the given situation, and it always connected
with an object or cause where it can be fitted. Then explained in the next sentence: “In loyalty,
when loyalty is properly defined, is the fulfillment of the whole moral law. You can truthfully
center your entire moral world about a rational conception of loyalty. Justice, charity, industry,
wisdom, spirituality, are all definable in terms of enlightened loyalty.” The above quotation
describes the moral value inside the loyalty itself, it seems to argue that loyalty was
accompanying positive aspects such as justice, charity, industry, wisdom, spirituality. In the
below quotation also support that “Loyalty is usually seen as a virtue, albeit a problematic one. It
is constituted centrally by perseverance in an association to which a person has become
intrinsically committed as a matter of his or her identity” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
2013) This means that Loyalty is a good value that should be developed and taught to other
people so it can give a positive impact on human life.

RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design

In doing this research, the writer used a method of qualitative research design. According to
Bogdan and Biklen: “Qualitative research has five general characteristics as follow: The data are
collected in form of words and pictures rather than numbers; The researchers are concerned with
the process as well as products; Qualitative researchers tend to analyze the data inductively; The
people make sense of their lives is a major concern with qualitative research; The natural
instrument is the direct source of data and the researcher is the key of instrument” (1982). This
research is classified as descriptive research because the data are only in the form of words as
well as quotation which is taken from the sources.

Data Analysis

In conducting the analysis of this research, the writer used objective theory. Abrams stated that:
“The objective orientation which on principle regards the work of art isolation from all these
external points of reference, analysis a self-sufficient entity constituted by its part in their
external relationships and to be judged solely” (1979). Based on the quotation above the writer
may say that the study is focused on the literary works itself. The research will be around the
elements of the novel, include the characters.

Data Collection

In this research, the writer gathered information from two types of sources: primary sources and
secondary sources. According to Griffith (1986), primary sources refer to the actual literary
works themselves, while secondary sources consist of facts and opinions found outside the
works. The primary source in this case is the novel itself, which is directly analyzed for the
research. The secondary sources include other references like books and internet sources that are
relevant to the research topic. These sources provide additional information and perspectives to
support the analysis conducted using the primary source.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Relationship between Manolin and Santiago

In The Old Man and the Sea, Manolin is a significant character who serves as Santiago's
apprentice. Due to Santiago's streak of unfortunate luck in fishing, Manolin is compelled to seek
another fisherman to learn the trade. This can be observed in the following quotation: “In the
first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had
told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of
unlucky” (Hemingway, 35). Another quotation that can be evidence as follow: “It was papa
made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him” (Hemingway, 35). Despite appearing only at
the beginning and end of the novel (aside from the old man's constant thoughts of him while at
sea), the young boy, Manolin, significantly contributes to the overall mood and plot
development. Manolin displays immense devotion, mirroring the old man's character. He
provides Santiago with extensive assistance, despite not being allowed to fish alongside him.
Manolin purchases bait for Santiago and helps him prepare his boat for his ventures in the Gulf.
Through his unwavering support, Manolin strengthens the bond between himself and the old man
and contributes to the emotional atmosphere of the story. “Keep the blanket around you,’ the boy
said. ‘You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive,’” (Hemmingway 19). The statement made
by Manolin indeed showcases the deep love he feels for the old man, Santiago. The young boy's
dedication and affection are truly captivating. It is intriguing because, typically, young children
would aspire to be apprentices to individuals who demonstrate great expertise in their craft and
have a track record of success, such as being able to catch plenty of fish in this context.
However, Manolin's devotion to Santiago goes beyond materialistic gains. His loyalty and love
for the old man transcend the desire for tangible achievements and instead focus on the
emotional connection and bond they share. Instead, Manolin told the old man, “It was papa made
me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him” (Hemingway, 10). No matter how much bad luck the
old man seems to have, the young boy knows Santiago is a great fisherman. His kind words are
abundant even though its presence is limited. “Que va,” the boy said. “There are many good
fishermen and some great ones. But there is only you” (Hemmingway 23). The high regard
Manolin has for the old man allows readers to see the loving and caring connection the two have.

Manolin’s Loyalty
There are some indicators that can elaborate through word Loyalty. According to Webster’s Ideal
Dictionary Loyalty (1978) is “The quality or state of being loyal”. You are absolutely right.
Loyalty is not something that can be bought or forced; it must be earned. It is a virtue that is
deeply rooted in consciousness and discernment. Loyalty involves a strong and unwavering
commitment to an association or relationship. In the context of teachers and students, loyalty is a
theme that carries over from the novella The Old Man and the Sea. The relationship between
Santiago and Manolin exemplifies this loyalty, where the young boy remains committed and
devoted to his teacher despite external factors and challenges they face.

Commitment over Many Challenges

Manolin demonstrates a remarkable level of commitment in his life, particularly through his
unwavering loyalty to Santiago despite the old man's repeated failures in fishing. Despite being a
young person, Manolin displays maturity and sensitivity towards Santiago's emotions. He is
willing to defy his parents' wishes and accompany Santiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is
regarded as an outcast in their village due to his long streak of unsuccessful fishing, which
earned him the reputation of being unlucky. However, Manolin remains loyal to Santiago and
wants to support his friend, even against his parents' disapproval.

The conversations between Manolin and Santiago are comfortable, resembling the interactions
between long-time friends of the same age. They often discuss topics like baseball or fishing,
which are their shared passions. Their favorite team is the Yankees, and Santiago maintains
unwavering faith in them, even during challenging times such as when star player Joe DiMaggio
suffers from a heel spur injury. Through their relationship, Santiago not only imparts fishing
knowledge to Manolin but also teaches him important qualities of life, such as faith.

“Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?”

“Yes. I have yesterday’s paper and I will read baseball.”…………

“When I come back you can tell me about baseball.” The Yankees cannot lose. But I fear the
Indian of Cleveland.
“Have faith in the Yankees my son. Think of the great DiMinggio.” (Hemingway, 37)

In the story, Santiago's unparalleled courage becomes evident when he encounters the big fish. It
is through this encounter that we witness his remarkable bravery and unwavering determination.
Ernest Hemingway uses Santiago's actions to offer insights into facing challenges and exhibiting
tenacity in the face of adversity. The story emphasizes the notion that despite being considered a
lost cause or an outsider, one's faith and resolute spirit can triumph over any obstacle.

Santiago's prolonged stretch of unsuccessful fishing has caused him to lose his reputation and
respect in his village. Additionally, hints from the description of his cabin lead us to suspect that
he is a widower. These elements contribute to the characterization of Santiago, adding layers of
complexity to his persona and highlighting the struggles he faces both internally and externally.

Indeed, Santiago's perseverance is a prominent characteristic throughout the story. Despite facing
numerous challenges, he maintains his unwavering determination. He holds confidence not only
in Manolin, the Yankees, and Joe DiMaggio but most importantly in himself. Santiago's self-
confidence is a significant attribute that gives him the strength to survive and conquer the
colossal Marlin.

Faith is not the sole factor that drives Santiago's perseverance. He also draws strength from his
past victories. Once he engages with the Marlin, he often recalls his battles with the indigenous
people, which he refers to as a "hand play." This recollection serves as more than just a triumph;
it is a reminder of his youth and vitality. Santiago frequently dreams of a serene beach adorned
with lions, symbolizing his younger self, brimming with strength and capable of overcoming any
challenges. Despite his old age and weakened body, Santiago's heart remains resolute, ultimately
leading him to triumph over the Marlin.

Santiago's unwavering perseverance and courage shine through as he fearlessly confronts the
sharks, knowing the inevitable fate of his prized catch. This battle extends beyond a mere fight
for a fish; it becomes a testament to his principles and unyielding spirit. Santiago's refusal to
surrender demonstrates the heart of a true warrior, fighting to the very end, regardless of the
outcome. His unwavering commitment and resilience embody the indomitable spirit that
perseveres in the face of overwhelming challenges.

Christianity is a significant symbol in the story, manifested through the unique relationship
between Santiago and Manolin. Like Christ and his disciples, Manolin is Santiago's devoted
student. Santiago imparts lessons about fishing and life, emphasizing the importance of
unwavering faith. His instruction to "Trust Yankees, my son" embodies this faith, reflecting the
core principles of Christianity. The symbolism of Christianity adds depth to the narrative,
exploring themes of devotion and belief.

Hemingway incorporates Christian symbolism through Santiago's description, drawing parallels

to Christ's suffering. Santiago's hand, marked by a deep scar, alludes to the pierced hand of
Christ. Additionally, Hemingway aligns Santiago's suffering with that of Christ, emphasizing his
connection to the crucifixion. Santiago's response to seeing the shark, manifesting as a sound
reminiscent of a man in pain, further reinforces the imagery of the nail piercing his hand and the
anguish it brings. (Hemingway, 107)

Symbolism is present when Santiago arrives home, carrying a pole on his shoulder like Christ
carrying the cross. Similarly, he cannot release the burden and falls on the road. In his hut,
Santiago sleeps face down on a newspaper, with his hands straight and palms raised, resembling
the crucifixion pose. These symbolic gestures evoke the connection between Santiago's journey
and the sufferings of Christ. (Hemingway, 122) Hemingway skillfully incorporates these themes
without contradicting one another. Christianity is presented symbolically rather than overtly
dominant. The relationship between parents and boys is not destroyed but temporarily separated.
Santiago's weaknesses are highlighted, shifting the focus from his courage. Ultimately, the old
man's perseverance and trust are rewarded with respect from the village, and he imparts a lesson
of faith and courage to Manolin.

In The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago exemplifies the qualities of courage, bravery, and
friendship, which align with Hemingway's code of heroism. Throughout the story, Santiago faces
numerous challenges and overcomes them with his unwavering courage. His perseverance in the
face of adversity showcases his bravery. Additionally, Santiago's friendship with Manolin
highlights the importance of loyalty and companionship in Hemingway's portrayal of a hero.
These qualities collectively contribute to Santiago's character as a Hemingway hero.

Showing High Attention To Old Man (Santiago)

On the opening page, we are introduced to the character of Manolin. This young boy is a
dedicated disciple of Santiago, from whom he has acquired invaluable knowledge about the art
of fishing. However, when Santiago faces a streak of unsuccessful fishing trips, Manolin's
parents decide to forbid him from continuing his studies under a teacher who seems unable to
provide practical results. As indicated below: “In the first forty days a boy had been with him.
But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now
definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky,” (Hemingway, 35)

The cited passage is an evidential representation of the reason why Manolin ultimately chooses
to accompany another fisherman in his quest for catching fish. The separation from the old man
leaves the boy feeling deeply disappointed, as he had developed a profound emotional
attachment and mental reliance on Santiago. This dependence stems from the fact that "The old
man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him" (Hemingway, 35). Ever since Manolin
was five years old, he has been faithfully following the old man, eagerly absorbing a wealth of
knowledge and skills from their time together. To Manolin, the old man is a true hero, and he
wholeheartedly devotes himself to their shared journey. Like a son to his father, Manolin is
always there to support and serve the old man in any way he can. He lovingly offers the old man
various provisions, such as beer, sardines, and fresh baits, ensuring that his mentor is nourished
and equipped for their fishing endeavors.

Manolin's unwavering devotion to Santiago is a testament to the profound impact the old man
has had on his life, resembling the unwavering love and admiration of a child for their cherished
parent.

Manolin is very careful to serve Santiago. He remains his hut. Every morning, he waits for him
to return. He serves coffee for parents. He always entertained the old man in his despair and said
"now we have fun again".
Despite not actively participating in the old man's journey, the boy holds significant importance
in this novel. He contributes to the overall atmosphere of the story, fulfilling crucial emotional
needs and enhancing the ambiance. Throughout the narrative, Santiago deeply longs for the
presence of the boy, viewing him as a source of comfort and support. The boy's absence leaves a
void, highlighting his role as a source of solace and aid for the old man.

During Santiago's prolonged absence from his fishing expedition, Manolin grew increasingly
anxious. He faithfully visited the hut every morning, hoping for the old man's return, and even
contemplated seeking assistance from the Coast Guard. When he eventually discovered Santiago
asleep in his hut, Manolin tended to him with utmost care, assuming a paternal role. He provided
the old man with warm coffee and nourishing food, pledging to repair the ship and acquire a new
knife for him. Despite any objections from his parents, Manolin disregarded their opinions, as he
regarded Santiago as his true parent and mentor. Their unbreakable bond led Santiago to bestow
upon Manolin the sole valuable possession salvaged from the skeleton of the colossal fish - a
sword. This treasure symbolized Santiago's strength, skill, and dignity, becoming a cherished
testament to their profound friendship.

Devote to the Old man (Santiago)

Manolin's unwavering devotion to Santiago is evident as he aids the old man in various ways.
Despite not being allowed to fish alongside him, he still supports Santiago by buying bait and
assisting with boat preparations, showcasing his deep commitment and loyalty. “Keep the
blanket around you,” the boy said. “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive,”
(Hemmingway 19). Manolin's heartfelt expression portrays the immense love he holds for the
old man, captivating readers with the depth of his dedication. The young boy's unwavering
commitment and affection towards Santiago are truly captivating, showcasing the profound bond
between them.

While most young children would seek apprenticeship with someone who consistently
demonstrates expertise in their craft, such as being able to catch an abundance of fish, Manolin's
situation is different. He explains to the old man, "It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I
must obey him" (Hemingway, 10). Despite the old man's streak of bad luck, the young boy
recognizes Santiago's greatness as a fisherman. Even though others may doubt, Manolin's words
are filled with kindness and unwavering support. He tells Santiago, "Que va... There are many
good fishermen and some great ones. But there is only you" (Hemingway, 23). The profound
respect and admiration Manolin holds for the old man allow readers to witness the deep, loving,
and caring connection that exists between them.

Throughout their shared experiences, Manolin is captivated by Santiago's personality and wealth
of knowledge, leading to the development of a deep bond resembling that of a father and child.
Manolin gazes at Santiago with the innocence of a child, while Santiago recognizes the young
boy's potential for achieving great ideals beyond his own accomplishments. Simultaneously,
Santiago cherishes the attention and affection bestowed upon him by Manolin, loving him as a
son. In the story's conclusion, Manolin makes a resolute decision to learn from Santiago,
disregarding the opinions of his parents and those around him. He becomes a character who is
determined to ensure that Santiago's life and experiences continue, carrying forward the legacy
of the wise old fisherman.

CONCLUSION

In the writer's final conclusion, it is evident that Manolin's loyalty is displayed through his
unwavering commitment to continue learning from the old man, Santiago, even when his own
parents have urged him to separate from him. The writer also highlights other facts that
demonstrate Manolin's deep devotion to the old man and his genuine concern for his well-being.
Having been under Santiago's guidance since the tender age of 5, Manolin's love for the old man
rivals that of his own parents, making it impossible for him to abandon Santiago during his times
of failure. Manolin is portrayed as a remarkable young boy with a commendable personality,
displaying great character in his actions and thoughts.

REFERENCE

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Hemingway, E. (1961). The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Hudson, W.H. (1965). An Introduction to the Study of Literature. London: George Harrap and

Co. Education

Royce, J. (2013). The Philosophy of Loyalty. New York: Macmillan Company.

Wellek, R. & Austin W. (1978). Theory of Literature. New York: Penguins Books.