Group- 4 Research

Nature of Research

Presentor: Hanny Jane Valencia DOMTLOM-2

What is the nature of research?
What is research?
Research is a systematic and scientific
investigation of a subject or phenomenon, with
the goal of discovering new knowledge or
understanding.
Process of research:
Firstly, It identifies the variables, collects and
analyses data on such variables to find answers
to certain crucial questions. Orderliness is the
hallmark of research. It is typically conducted
using the scientific method, which involves
formulating a hypothesis, collecting data,
analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions
 Purpose of research
• Research is a process of seeking out answers to a specific problem. It can be conducted for several purposes, such as to
understand a phenomenon, behavior, or test a theory.

Research expands your knowledge
base.
The most obvious reason to do
research is that you’ll learn more.
There’s always more to learn about a
topic, even if you are already well-
versed in it. If you aren’t, research
allows you to build on any personal
experience you have with the subject.
The process of research opens up new
opportunities for learning and growth.
Research gives you the latest
information.
Research encourages you to find the
most recent information available. In
certain fields, especially scientific
ones, there’s always new information
and discoveries being made.
Research helps you know what
you’re up against
In business, you’ll have competition.
Researching your competitors and
what they’re up to helps you
formulate your plans and strategies.
You can figure out what sets you
apart. In other types of research, like
medicine, your research might
identify diseases, classify symptoms,
and come up with ways to tackle them
 Purpose of research
Research builds your credibility.
People will take what you have to say
more seriously when they can tell
you’re informed. Doing research
gives you a solid foundation on which
you can build your ideas and
opinions. You can speak with
confidence about what you know is
accurate.
Research helps you narrow your
scope.
When you’re circling a topic for the first
time, you might not be exactly sure
where to start. Most of the time, the
amount of work ahead of you is
overwhelming. Whether you’re writing a
paper or formulating a business plan, it’s
important to narrow the scope at some
point. Research helps you identify the
most unique and/or important themes.
You can choose the themes that fit best
with the project and its goals.
Research teaches you better
discernment.
Doing a lot of research helps you sift
through low-quality and high-quality
information. The more research you
do on a topic, the better you’ll get at
discerning what’s accurate and what’s
not. You’ll also get better at discerning
the gray areas where information may
be technically correct but used to draw
questionable conclusions
 Purpose of research
Research introduces you to new
ideas.
You may already have opinions and
ideas about a topic when you start
researching. The more you research,
the more viewpoints you’ll come
across. This encourages you to
entertain new ideas and perhaps take a
closer look at yours.
Research helps with problem-
solving.
Whether it’s a personal or professional
problem, it helps to look outside
yourself for help. Depending on what
the issue is, your research can focus
on what others have done before. You
might just need more information, so
you can make an informed plan of
attack and an informed decision.
Research helps you reach people.
The public needs to know what the
facts are, so they have a clear idea of
what “getting worse” or “not
progressing” actually means.
Research encourages curiosity.
Having curiosity and a love of learning take
you far in life. Research opens you up to
different opinions and new ideas. It also
builds discerning and analytical skills. The
research process rewards curiosity.
Characteristics of research:
Empirical: Research is based on data and observations that can be measured and verified.

Objective: Research is unbiased and based on facts and evidence, rather than personal
opinions or beliefs.

Systematic: Research follows a structured and organized process, with clear methods and
procedures.

Replicable: Research is designed in such a way that others can replicate the study to test
the validity of the findings.
Characteristics of research:
Generalizable: Research findings can be applied to a larger population or context.

Progressive: Research builds on existing knowledge and contributes to the advancement of

a field or discipline.

Critical: Research involves the evaluation of evidence and the identification of strengths
and limitations.

Creative: Research is about generating new ideas and innovative solutions.

 Group- 4 Research

Types
of Research
Presentor: Hannah Jean Baloley DOMTLOM-2
Introduction
Research is:
Research is how individuals and business collect and
analyze data. Accurate and irrelevant research guide,
key business decisions, including marketing plans,
staffing decisions and expansions, and critical data,
like environmental impacts, health care, and social
characteristics. Determining what data is most useful
for your goals and finding the most effective ways to
obtain it can help your company make successful
long-term decisions.
Research is:
• Research begins by asking for the right questions
and choosing an appropriate method to investigate
the problem
• Research is scientific and non-scientific fields
• Research methods are classified based on different
criteria, such as general category, nature of the study,
the purpose of the study and research design.
 30
Why is research important in
Business Communication?
20

Business research helps to identify opportunities and

threats. It helps identify problems and using this
information, wise decisions can be made to tackle the 10

issue appropriately. It helps to understand customers

better and hence can be useful to communicate better
with the customers or stakeholders
0
 Types of Research
Research based on Inquiry

Technological
Inquiry -based Research gives student wicked problems to solve based on Scientific
observation and gathering evidence. Inquiry-based Research asks student to key
concepts and questions with active involvement in discipline – specific inquiry
methods and research.

This research looks for Research based on Purposed This research measures
ways to improve efficiency certain variables to predict
in products, processes and Establishing hypotheses, gathering data, evaluating, and so on all contribute to behaviors, outcomes, and
production. achieving a research purpose. It explains the particular topic and aims of the impact.
research study, giving readers with a precise, clear grasp of the outcomes.
 Types of Research
Research based on Method
It involves studying the methods used in your field and the theories or principles behind them, in order to develop
an approach that matches your objectives. Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and
analyze data.

Most frequently used methods include:

1. Observation / Participant Observation
2. Surveys
3. Interviews
4. Focus Groups
5. Experiments
6. Secondary Data Analysis / Archival Studyb
7. Mixed Methods (combination of some of the above)
 Group- 4 Research

Measuring
Instruments
Presentor: Laura Tarronas DOMTLOM-2
Measuring Instruments
Measurement tools are instruments used by researchers and practitioners to aid in the assessment or evaluation of
subjects, clients or patients. The instruments are used to measure or collect data on a variety of variables ranging from
physical functioning to psychosocial wellbeing.

An evaluation or measurement instrument that is valid

and reliable, replicable, without changes or adaptations in
Standardized
its structure and content, in different populations with
Instruments
similar characteristics.

Researcher-made questionnaire refers to the instrument to be used in a

research prepared or crafted by the researcher himself or herself. The Researcher-
contents are primarily based from the information shared by his or her Developed
Instrument
colleagues, the panel of experts, and the personal knowledge of the
researcher himself or herself.
 Group- 4 Research

Evaluating the
Research Instruments
Presentor: Ella Joy Torres DOMTLOM-2
What is Research Instrument?

A Research Instrument is a tool used to collect, measure, and

analyze data related to your research interests. It can be
checklists, numerical rating scales, questionnaires, interviews,
and direct observation.
Evaluating the Research Instrument

One of the challenging aspects of planning a research study is selecting an

instrument. It is important to know that designing your own instrument is a
complicated, lengthy process, and if at all possible, you should use one that has
already been developed.
Evaluating the Research Instrument

One of the challenging aspects of planning a research study is selecting an

instrument. It is important to know that designing your own instrument is a
complicated, lengthy process, and if at all possible, you should use one that has
already been developed.
 In order to be used for data collection, the instrument must have adequate
RELIABILITY.

Reliability can be thought of as consistency. Does the instrument consistently

measure what it is intended to measure? It is not possible to calculate reliability;
however, there are four general estimators that you may encounter in reading
research:

1. Inter-Rater/Observer Reliability
The degree to which different raters/observers give consistent answers or estimates.
2. Test-Retest Reliability
: The consistency of a measure evaluated over time
3. Parallel-Forms Reliability
The reliability of two tests constructed the same way, from the same content
4. Internal Consistency Reliability
The most common type of reliability measure, which measures the degree of intercorrelations among all the items.
 VALIDITY is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
and performs as it is designed to perform. It is rare, if nearly impossible, that an
instrument be 100% valid, so validity is generally measured in degrees.

The remainder of this discussion focuses on EXTERNAL validity and CONTENT validity.

External validity is the extent to which the Content validity refers to the appropriateness of the
results of a study can be generalized from a content of an instrument. In other words, do the
sample to a population. measures (questions, observation logs, etc.)
accurately assess what you want to know?
Team References
https://study.com/learn/lesson/research-purpose-examples.html#:~:text=Research%20i
s%20a%20process%20of,knowledge%20and%20supports%20many%20theories
.

https://theimportantsite.com/10-reasons-why-research-is-important/

https://discover.hubpages.com/education/Validation-of-researcher-made-questionnaire

https://youtu.be/Oj9Ox68HYQs

https://sites.ntc.doe.gov/partners/tr/Training%20Best%20Practices/2-Best%20Practice
s%20for%20Examinations%20and%20Testing/3-Evaluation%20Instrument%20Exam
ples%20(formerly%20HDBK-1201-97)/Training%20Evaluation%20Instruments.pdf

https://journals.lww.com/gastroenterologynursing/Citation/2003/05000/Evaluating_an
_Instrument_for_Research.10.aspx

https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83458/
THANK
YOU!
For Listening