Exposure |Uleter

Operoting Inslructions ond Exposure Monuql

 Quid< Referenceto fhe IU NAS lX
poge

Quick Reference to lhe LUNASIX. 2 ... 7

T h i n k i n go n d M e o s u r i n g I . . .l 7
R e v i e wo f S u b i e c t s .. .... l8 ...36
(seepoge 47)
Technicol Appendix .. . . . 37 ...45
Color-Finder . .. . 46 ...47

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S l i d e w i t h d i f f u s o rs o h e r ef o r
i n c i d e n tl i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t
with window for reflected
, light meosurement

S y m b o lf o r i n c i d e n tl i g h t o n d
e
r e f l e c t e d I i g h t m e o s ur e m e n t @
Redcolibrotionmork

I n d i c o t i o nv o l u e s ( 3 )
@for bottery checkonly
S c o l ed i v i s i o n s

P o i n t e@
r
@ ul opwpeerr Oo ff oo rr rr ee ooddiinnggss112.. .. .. 21 22
@Tumbleswifch
E x p o s u r tei m e s@

A p e r t u r eu o l u e ,@
Cine volues
( fr o m e s p e r s e c o n d )

DINvolues
@ @ nsn vol ues
K n u r l e ds e t t i n gr i n g f o r . Setting disc for
i n d i c o t i n g v. o I u e s g " , t h , E( -Q , ) e x p o s u r ei n d e x
y e l l o w s c ol e ( l 6 )

@ v"rlowscole
R e df i g u r e s :
e x p o s u r ev o l u e s

."3:f''"f.['":l
@
 Correct position
of the 2 botteries

@ Cotoortment for botteries

K n u r l e dp l o t e f o r
c h e c k i n gt h e b o t t e r i e s

T o b l e o f c o l i b r o t i o nv o l u e s
i n L u x o n d f o o t c o n dl e s

@ Z u r os e t t i n gs c r e w

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 lntroductionto the tUNASIX
T h eL U N A i s t h e l o t e s ti n t h e l i n e o f " S l X " E x p o s u r o
e n d C o l o u rTemperoture Meters-
the SIXTUS, SIXTOMAT,SIXON,SIXTRY, S I X T I N Oo n d S I X T I C O L O-R m o d e b y t h e w o r l d -
f o m o u sm o n u f o c t u r e r s

G f\ Erlongen

L U N A S I Xi s i h e n o m eg i v e n t o t h i s f i n e s t o f o l l E x p o i u r e M e l e r s b e c o u s e t h e SIX
c o n m e o s u r er e l i o b l yo n y l i g h tf r o m t h e p o l e s t m o o n l i g h t t o i h e b r i g h t e s ts u n l i g h t .
At lost, here is on ExposureMeter t o b r e o k t h r o u g h o l l t h e b o r r i e r s f o r m e r l y r e s t r i c t i n g
exposuremeosurement.
Quick Referenceto the LU N AS IX

1 S"ffing *" flrn "tpor*" ind"l

T u r n t h e c l e o r p l o s t i cd i s c ( 1 5 )b v
m e o n so f t h e r i b s u n t i l t h e i n d e x
n u m b e ro f y o u r f i l m o p p e o r si n i h e
D I N o r A S A w i n d o w ( 7 1 1 4o)n d t h e
white orrow pointsto thot window.
Y o uw i l l f i n do D I N / A S AC o n v e r s i o n
T o b l eo n p o g e 3 9 .

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R e f l e c t e dL i g h t : M o v e t h e s l i d e ( 1 ) o t t h e f r o n t
of the meter io the right-hond side until it
clicksinto position, ond the LUNASIX is now
reody to operote. Point the LUNASIX towords
the subiect os the orrow shows in the illus-
trotion.
Incidenl light: Move the slide (l) to the left-
hond side until it clicksinto position with the
white incidentsphere now in the middle. The
LUNASIX is pointed from the subiect towords
ihe comero os ihe orrow shows in the illus-
trotion.
Meqsuring
Pressthe lower hump of the tumbleswitch(12)ond releoseit os soon os the pointer (4)hos
come to rest. Now lhe pointer (4)is locked ond the reoding con be ioken.
Should the pointer registerlessthon the scole volue l2 when fhe lower hump of the tumble
s w i t c h ( 1 2 )i s p r e s s e d , t h e n p r e s s i h e u p p e r h u m p o f i h e t u m b l e s w i t c h . W i i h t h i s o p e r o t i o n
you switch in ihe low-light ronge.Woit ogoin until the poinier (4)hos come to rest ond stop
t h e s c o l e v o l u e w h i l e r e l e o s i n gt h e s w i i c h .
! f t h e i l l u m i n o t i o ni s s o w e o k t h o t y o u o r e u n o b l e t o s e e t h e r e o d i n g t h o t h o s b e e n r e c o r d e d ,
press the fumble switch for o few seconds.When you releose it, you ore oble to reqd ihe
r e s u l t e l s e w h e r eu n d e r b e t f e r l i g h t c o n d i t i o n s .
W h e n p r e s s i n gl h e u p p e r h u m p o f t h e t u m b l e s w i t c h , t h e v o l u e s 1 t o 1 2 o p p e o r i n t h e u p p e r
c u i - o u t o f t h e s c o l e , t h e u p p e r s c o l e d i v i s i o n s b e l o n g t o i t . W h e n p r e s s i n gt h e l o w e r h u m p
o f t h e t u m b l e s w i f c h ,t h e v o l u e s 1 2 i o 2 2 o p p e o r i n t h e l o w e r c u t - o u t o f t h e s c o l e , t h e l o w e r
scole divisions belong to this. lf you releosethe tumble switch the correct row of figures
r e m o i n s t o b e s e e , n i,. e . t h o s e f i g u r e s w h i c h b e l c n g t o t h e b e f o r e s w i t c h e d - i n m e o s u r i n g r o n g e .
Your LUNASIX shows olwoys lhe correct reodings.
Tronsfer this reoding to the yellow scole (16) by iurning the knurled setting ring (8) until
the indicoted volue oppeors opposile the white mork.
Now you con reod the result - o row of combinotions of opertures ond times (6 ond 5)
e x p o s u r ev o l u e s ( 1 7 )o r f r o m e s p e r s e c o n d f o r c i n e ( 1 3 ) .S e e o l s o p o g e 3 8 .

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 - in deroil I
I Meosurement
W i t h t h e r e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e t h o d t h e L U N A S I X o c c e p t s t h e r e f l e c t e d l i g h t f r o m s u b i e c t sw i t h i n
o c e , r f o i no n g l e . T h u s i h e m e o s u r e m e n td e p e n d s n o t o n l y o n i h e i n t e n s i t yo f t h e i l l u m i n o t i o n
b u i o l s o o n i h e c o l o u r s o n d t h e i n d i v i d u o l b r i g h l n e s so f t h e s u b i e c l i t s e l f .

W i t h i d e n t i c o l i l l u m i n o t i o n t h e p o i n t e r ' s d e f l e c t i o n i s g r e o t e r w i t h l i g h t s u b i e c t st h o n w i t h
dork subiects. The exposure meler odds together the different single detoils of light ond
converts them to lhe overoge volue.

l f t h e r e o r e e x l r e m e c o n t r o s t so f i l l u m i n o i i o n o n d c o l o u r , i t i s o d v i s o b l e t o m e o s u r e t h e
i m p o r t o n t p o r t i o n s o f t h e s c e n e t o b e p h o t o g r o p h e d . I n b l o c k - o n d - w h i t ep h o t o g r o p h y , t o r
exomple,core should be token lo ensureodequote detoil in the dork ports, ond in colour
photogrophyodequotedetoil in the light poris.

Come close to the subiect but not so neor thot either your own shodow or ihot of the
LUNASIX folls on the subiect. This method is colled the close-up meosurement.

With ihe incident method - from the subiect towords the comero - the LUNASIX occepts
o l l t h e l i g h t f o l l i n g o n t h e s u b i e c tf o c i n g t h e c o m e r o . H e r e , t h e c o l o u r o f t h e s u b i e c to r i t s
i n d i v i d u o l b r i g h t n e s si s n o t t o k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r o t i o n .
With subiects thot ore difficult to
reoch, the incident method connot
be used in ils normol form - from
subiect to exposure meter. In these
coses you opply the incident light
method to o ploce wiih similor illu-
minotion (Light Meosurement ot
Substitute Locotion). Look for o
ploce which receives light identicol
to the moin subieci. When meosur-
ing, do not point the LUNASIX
dl
towords the comero but porollel to

A
t h e i m o g i n o r yl i n e b e t w e e nt h e s u b -
iect ond the comero.

S e e o l s o p o g e 8 . . .l l .

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 Checkingthe Botteries
W i t h n o r m o l u s e o f t h e L U N A S I X ,t h e 2 M o l l o r y m e r c u r y b o t t e r i e ss u p p l i e d w i t h i t h o v e l i f e
o f o b o u t l U z l o 2 y e o r s . C h e c k t h e c o n d i t i o n o f t h e b o t t e r i e sf r o m t i m e t o t i m e , o s f o l l o w s :
push the knurled plote (19)in the direction of the orrow without pressing the tumble switch
( t 2 ) . l f t h e p o i n l e r ( 4 ) d o e s n o t m o v e t o t h e r e d m q r k ( 1 0 ) ,t h e b o t t e r i e s m u s t b e r e p l o c e d .
O p e n t h e b o t t e r y c o m p o r t m e n t( 1 8 )w i i h o c o i n .
C h e c kt h e n e w b o t t e r i e s o l s o o s d e s c r i b e d q b o v e .

Tero Point Control

W h e n c h e c k i n gt h e p o i n t e r z e r o c o n t r o l , l h e b o i l e r i e s m u s l b e t o k e n f r o m t h e i r c o m p o r t m e n t .
T h e n p r e s s t h e t u m b l e s w i t c h ( 1 2 )u p o r d o w n o n d t h e p o i n t e r s h o u l d c o m e t o r e s t o n t h e
b l o c k m o r k o t t h e l e f t - h o n ds i d e o f t h e s c o l e ( 3 ) .
lf not, the pointer (4)must be sel to the block mork by furning the zero-point control screw
( 2 1 )o n t h e u n d e r n e o t h s i d e o f t h e L U N A S I X . W h i l e t h i s i s b e i n g d o n e , t h e t u m b l e s w i t c h
must,of course, be pressedos otherwise the pointer would be locked.
THINKING AND MEASURING
I t i s n e c e s s o r yt o s o y o t t h e b e g i n n i n g t h o t t h e L U N A S I X c o n n o t t h i n k f o r y o u . E v e n t h e
f i n e s t e l e c t r o n i c b r o i n i s h e l p l e s s w i i h o u t t h e s c i e n t i s tw h o c o n v e r t s t h e p r o b l e m s t o b e
s o l v e d s o t h o t t h e y c o n b e p r o c e s s e db y t h e c o m p u t e r . S i m i l o r l y w i t h t h e L U N A S I X ,w h i c h
o n s w e r st h e e x p o s u r eq u e s t i o n sp u t t o i t o s p r e c i s e l yo s y o u o s k i h e m .

T h i s i s n o t o d i f f i c u l t p r o b l e m o n d i t b e c o m e s e o s i l y u n d e r s t o n d o b l eo n c e y o u b e c o m e
fomiliqr with your LUNASIX.
LUNASIX sees the world you wont to photogroph. This world consistsof mony ports which
d i f f e r c o n s i d e r o b l yi n s i z e , c o l o u r o n d b r i g h t n e s s .I n t h e c o s e o f r e f l e c t e dl i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t ,
L U N A S I X c o l l e c t s ,w i t h i n o c e r t o i n o n g l e , l i g h t w h i c h i s r e f l e c t e df r o m t h e m o n y i n d i v i d u o l
p o r t s o f i h e s c e n e ; i t o d d s u p o l l t h e l i g h t o n d s t r i k e so n o v e r o g e f o r w h i c h i t i n d i c o t e so
suitoble exposure time. And normolly the exposure indicoted in this monner is perfectly
c o r r e c t ( r e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t- s e e o l s o p o g e 5 ) .

Unusuol feotures which you - os on ottentive observer - will notice, moy not be seen by the
- for
L U N A S I X i n q u i t e t h e s o m e m o n n e r . l f t h e s c e n e i n c l u d e so l o r g e , v e r y b r i g h t o r e o
f r o m t h e o v e r o g e t h o t t h e L U N A S I X w o u l d n o r m o l l y c o l c u l o t ef o r - i t w i l l i n d i c o i e o s h o r t e r

I
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 exposure time thon ii woulcj for o lorge, very dork oreo. But you wont to see the very light
or very dork in the finished picture os very light or very dork, just os you did in the octuol
s c e n e ;y o u w i l l n o t w o n t t o s e e t h e m o s " g r e y " . W h o i i s i o b e d o n e ? Y o u r i u d g e m e n t m u s l
g u i d e t h e L U N A S I X ; f o r i f t h e r e o r e e x t e n s i v ev e r y d o r k o r v e r y b r i g h t o r e o s i n t h e s c e n e ,
do not point the LUNASIXdirectly ot them, but toke overoge ports of the scene. Poy oiten-
tion to the

MeosuringAreq of the LUNASIX

Y o u c o n s e e i n t h e v i e w f i n d e r , o r o n t h e g r o u n d g l o s ss c r e e n o f y o u r c o m e r o , e x o c t l y w h o t
w i l l b e i n c l u d e d i n y o u r p i c t u r e . T h e L U N A S I X c o n n o t o r i e n i o t e i t s e l f! O f c o u r s e y o u w i l l
wont to know whot porls of the scene ore included in the reflecied light meosurement.
The comero, with your help, selects its "rectongle" or "squore"l the LUNASIX covers o
' m e o s u r i n g" c i r c l e " . W h o t e v e r l i e s o u t s i d e t h e s e
v o r i o u s s h o p e d o r e o s r e m o i n s u n s e e n ,b u l
you con eosily estimote fhe size of the LUNASIX meosurementoreo by comporison with the
f i n d e r o r g r o u n d g l o s s i m o g e . T h e i l l u s t r o i i o n ss h o w t h e r e l o t i o n s h i pb e i w e e n t h e m f o r b o t h
3 5 m m c o m e r o s ( 2 4 x 3 6 m m ) w i t h v o r i o u s f o c o l l e n g t h l e n s e s ,o n d f o r 2 ' / r x 2 r / t " c o m e r o s ,
w h e n r e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t so r e m o d e f r o m t h e c o m e r o p o s i t i o n .
T h e m e o s u r i n go r e o o f t h e L U N A S I Xc o r r e s p o n d st o o l i g h t o c c e p t o n c eo n g l e o f 3 0 n

F o r 3 5 m mc o m e r o s( 2 4x 3 6 m m ) F o r2 1 1x+2 1 / +c"o m e r o s

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T h i s s m o l l m e o s u r i n go r e q i s o p o r i i c u l o ro d v o n t o g eo f t h e L U N A S I X .l t p e r m i t sv e r y
occurote,corefullyoimed meosurements. You con moke selectivereodingsof voriousports
of o sceneor o subiectfor more eosilython with ordinoryexposuremeie'rs.
The sensitiveIndicotorNeedle of the LUNASIXtells you very cleorly whethero scenehos
uniformdistributionof brightnessor not.
With close-upmeqsuremenls, for exomple,you con wolk up to the importontpori of the
sceneond observe- with presseddown tumble swiich- how the needle behoves.lf the
importonpt ort ond thesurroundingo r e o h o v ei h e i d e n t i c o b
l r i g h t n e s st h, e n e e d l ew i l l n o t
move. Otherwise,the needlepositionwill chonge.
By followingthis method,you con soon tell if you hove only the importontport of the scene
g r e oo f y o u r L U N A S I X .
w i t h i nt h e m e o s u r i n o

Inci enl

$ / i t h t f u t 5 . + p e i s u r i n gm e t h o d , y o u r L U N A S I X " s e e s " o n l y t h e l i g h t w h i c h f o l l s o n t h o t p o r t o f
the scene which is focing the comero - in other words the porl which will be photogrophed.
T h e r e s u l t o f t h i s m e o s u r e m e n td o e s n o t t o k e i n t o o c c o u n t t h e c o l o u r o r b r i g h t n e s so f i h e
s c e n e i t s e l f . T h u s , i n c i d e n t l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n ti s i d e o l f o r t h e p r e v i o u s e x o m p l e w i t h e x t e n -
sive very bright or very dqrk oreos - it will give you perfeci results.

\,,t
ll
[q=.,perf=a"E*p*urel
The correct exposure for ony scene thot con be photogrophed con be determined with the
L U N A S I X ! B u t - w h e n i s o s c e n e " p e r f e c t l y " e x p o s e d ?T h o t i s n o t o l w o y s s o e o s y t o o n s w e r .
For ihe omoteur, especiolly the beginner, the overoll impressionis usuolly decisive. But
s o o n o n e ' s d e m o n d s b e c o m e m o r e s i r i n g e n t ,e s p e c i o l l yw h e n r e s u l t so r e c o m p o r e d . " P e r f e c f
exposure" normolly meons thot the brightest portions of o colour tronsporencyond the
d o r k e s t p o r i i o n s o f o b l o c k - o n d - w h i t ep r i n t s h o u l d s h o w s o m e d e t o i l !
With colour film - which, os you know, requires more criiicol exposure - the lighier portions
of o scene usuolly determine the exposure. Therefore,keep on eye on such lighter oreos
o n d p r e f e r o b l y e x p o s eo l i t t l e s h o r i e r r o l h e r t h o n l o n g e r ,t o g e t m o r e b r i l l i o n t c o l o u r s .
ln block-ond-white, however, the shodowy portions which ore to hove some detoil in the
finished print must be given considerolion. Therefore, wotch the dorker oreos ond expose
o little longer rother thon ioo little.
Most importoni: Be criticol of your results. Anolyze your prints ond your colour tronspoi.en-
cies for possible mistokes or errors in judgement. Leorn from your experience: Foilure
p r o p e r l y o n o l y z e d w i l l s o o n l e o d t o c o n s i s t e n ts u c c e s s !
R e m e m b e rt h o t w h e n t h e r e o r e e x t r e m e c o n t r o s t s i n o s c e n e , t h e f i l m m o y n o t b e o b l e ' t o
cope with them. Do not blome the LUNASIX! You will hove to compromisewith ihe limi-
totions of the film by exposing o step more or less thon indicoted by the LUNASIX. You
w i l l r e o d m o r e o b o u t t h i s i n t h e " R e v i e w o f S u b i e c t s " .A b o u i " e x p o s u r e s t e p s " s e e p o g e 4 0 .

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;.il
 The PersonqlTouch
?9 you reolly hove to expose very criticolly every time? There ore two possible onswers to
this question:
( 1 ) O n b l o c k - o n d - w h i t en e g o t i v e f i l m y o u w i l l g e t g o o d n e g o t i v e so l m o s t w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n
ond without fuss.
( 2 ) R e v e r s o lc o l o u r f i l m i s m o r e c r i t i c o l . D e v i o t i o n s f r o m c o r r e c t e x p o s u r e w i l l p r o d u c e
. t r o n s p o r e n c i e sf h o t o r e e i t h e r t o o l i g h t o r t o o d o r k ; y o u m o y o l s o g e t d i s t o r t i o n o f c o l o u r s .
Now, you must remember thot lhe occurote exposuie infoimotio-n which your LUNASIX
g i v e s y o u m o y n o t e v e n b e f u l l y u t i l i z e d b e c o u s eo l l s o r t s o f " t o l e r o n c e s " m u s t b e r e c k o n e d
with:
(o) The octuol s e n s i t i v i t yo f o f i l m m o y d i f i e r f r o m t h e o n e i n d i c o t e d o n t h e f i l m p o c k o g e .
(b) The octuol s h u t t e r s p e e d s o f y o u r c o m e r o m o y d i f f e r f r o m t h e v o l u e s e n g r o v e d o n i h "
shutter.
(c) The actuol l e n s o p e n i n g s m o y d i f f e r f r o m t h e v o l u e s e n g r o v e d o n y o u r c o m e r o f - s t o p
scoIe.
( d ) T h e f i l m d e v e l o p m e n tm o y n o t o l w o y s b e i d e n t i c o l .
( e ) I n o d d i t i o n , p u r e l y s u b i e c t i v e c o n s i d e r o t i o n so n d m o t t e r s o f t o s t e
enter into the evolu-
otion of the finishedprint or slide.
lf you moke severol exposures of the some scene or subiect with vorious exposure
times,
y o u w i l l o l m o s i n e v e r g e t c o - m p l e t eo g r e e m e n t o m o n g d i f i e r e n t j u d g e s
- os to wnicn n"goiiuu
or which slide received "perfect" exposure!
ft
H o w e v e r , y o u c o n o d o p t y o u r L U N A S I X e x p o s u r e r e o d i n g s t o t h e c h o , r o c i e ro f y o u r c o m e r o /
your fovourite film, your type of processing,your proiector - in other words to your per-
sonql louch.
U s e o r e v e r s o l c o l o u r f i l m ; s e l e c t s e v e r o l " n o r m o l " s c e n e s( s e e p o g e 1 8 , " N o r m o l S c e n e " ) ;
-
l o k e c q r e f u l r e f l e c t e d o n d i n c i d e n t l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t so n d s h o o t l B u t e o c h t i m e m o k e o
series of 5 exposures; in oddition to the one of the indicoied exposure time, moke one eoch
o f o f u l l s t e p o n d o n e - h o l f s i e p m o r e o n d l e s s t h o n i n d i c o t e d b y L U N A S I X .M o k e c o m p l e t e
notes of the reodings ond of ony speciol conditions. When you hove your finished
t r o n s p o r e n c i e s ,s e l e c t t h e o n e s w h i c h , i n y o u r i u d g e m e n t , o r e " p e r f e c t " o n d c o m p o r e t h e m
w i t h y o u r n o t e s c o n c e r n i n g e x p o s u r e m e o s u r e m e n t s ,e t c .
lf they're right - ond in most coses they will be - everything is fine. Otherwise, determine
by how much you need to increose or decreose future exposure reodings to get the besi
results. With this odiustment you hove then goined Your PersonolTouch.

Shq for Motion qnd De of Field '1

A f t e r y o u h o v e t o k e n o l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t , t h e c o m p u t e r s c o l e s o f y o u r L U N A S I Xm o y l i n d
up something like this: -
1/s 1/rs llzo 1/co 1/ r t s 1 lzso 1/soo 1/tooo
time
tt t2 16 11 I 5.6 4 2.8 2

14
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,#fu,iirJ-'..r-.
E i g h t c o m b i n o t i o n s o f w h i c h y o u m o y r " e o l l yu s e o n l y o n e ! N o w , w h i c h c o m b i n o t i o n m i g h t
be "the best"? The LUNASIX hos done its best by giving you os mony equivoleni poirs so
thot you moy selecto reolly suitoble one. After oll, o properly exposed picture must olso
be in shorp focus - which meons ihot you hove to ignore some operture (f-stop)settings ond
some shutter speeds.

Motion colls for o short exposure to prevent o blurred imoge. (Your comero instruction
book or ony good photogrophic monuol will give you informotion obouf "slowest permis-
sible shutter speeds" for moving obiects.) Needless to soy, sports pictures demond the
s h o r t e s t e x p o s u r e s ( l / z s o l o l / r o o o s e co. n
) d normol motion con be stopped with medium speeds
( t / c ot o l / z s ow
) h i l e , f o r s t i l l s c e n e s ,t h e s l o w e r s p e e d s ( 1 / r oi o 1 / +s e c . ) o r e o d e q u o t e . O f c o u r s e ,
f o r t h e s l o w s p e e d s ,y o u ' l l n e e d o g o o d t r i p o d o r o t h e r c o m e r o s u p p o r t t o o v o i d l o c k o f
s h o r p n e s sd u e t o c o m e r o s h o k e .
Depth of Field. Since, usuolly, you will wont io hove neor ond distont obiects equolly shorp
in your piclures, you'll hove to "close down" the lens. How much? The depth-of-field scole
o f y o u r l e n s , o r o s e p o r o t e d e p t h - o f - f i e l dt o b l e , w i l l t e l l y o u . A s m o l l e r l e n s o p e n i n g g i v e s
y o u t h e d e s i r e dg r e o t e r d e p t h b u i - i t c o l l s f o r o l o n g e r e x p o s u r e .
The conflicting demonds of motion ond depth of field reduce the choice of f-stops ond
shutter speeds to such on extent thot, generolly, only o few possible choices remoin. Let's
s o y y o u n e e d o s h u t t e r s p e e d o f o f l e o s t 1 / e os € c . t o s t o p m o t i o n i n o s c e n e o n d , t o g e t
odequote depth of field, you need o lens opening of f/5.6 or smoller. With the exposure
r e o d i n g s h o w n o b o v e , y o u w o u l d o n l y h o v e t h e c h o i c e b e t w e e n u s i n g f / 8 w i t h t / o os e c . , o r
f/5.6 wiih t/rzs s€c.

l5
Occosionolly you must moke o compromise becouse existing light conditions moy ollow
u s i n g n e i t h e r l h e i d e o l f - s i o p n o r t h e i d e o l s h u t t e rs p e e d . O n t h e o n e h o n d y o u r i s k s u b i e c t
motion; on the other, less depth of field.

The LUNASIXds on Aid in Good liqhtin

W i t h e f t e c t i v e l i g h t i n g y o u c o n o c h i e v e o u t s t o n d i n g p i c t u r e s ,e i t h e r b y d r o m o t i c o l l y i n c r e o s -
i n g o r l o w e r i n g c o n t r o s t s . B u t c o n t r o s t ss h o u l d n o t b e o v e r d o n e , b e c o u s et h e f i l m m o y n o l
be oble to cope with them.
Bqlonce your lighring with the LUNASIX: Toke o meosurementof the key light, ond then of
the - weoker - generol light. Now, simply compore ihe two indicotorscole reodings(f-stops
ond shutter speeds ore not involved in this method): For block-ond-white film, the difference
beiween ihe iwo reodings should not exceed 3 steps; for colour film 2 steps ot the most.
l f y o u w o n t t o o c h i e v e s o f t l i g h t i n g w i t h l i t t l e o r n o c o n t r o s t - o s i n h i g h - k e y s u b i e c t so r
copy work - orronge your lights so thot you get identicol meter reodingsot differentoreos
of the subiectond bockground (if ony). This type of lighting is usuolly preferred in colouri
photogrophy.

16
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- -.-l
*r$tr
 REVIEWOF SUBJECTS

The"Normol" Scene
This includesneorly everythingthot mokeso picturewor-thtoking. Decisive- for exposure
" m e o s u r e m e -n i i s t h e e v e n n e sisn t h e d i s t r i b u t i o no f i l l u m i n o t i o n
o n d b r i g h t n e s s- . P o r t r o i t .
or Londscope - Childrenond Animols- Moods or Events.
The normol scene hos neithervery extensivebright nor porticulorlydork oreos; bright,
middle,ond dork oreosore presentin o boloncedmixture,with no "meos-ure,menl intrusion"
to be expectedfrom the surroundingoreo.

l8

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Meosuring o normol scene is,
thus, on eosy molter, which you
c o n o c c o m p l i s hq u i c k l yo n d s u r e -
ly. You con use lhe reflected
or incident light meosuremenl
m e l h o d : s u c c e s s f u le x p o s u r e i s
o s su r e d .
The sun behind your bock re-
duces controst ond usuolly pro-
duces o normol scene.

19
 Intruding Surrourd
ings]

The following ore exomplesof

this cotegory: Girl in o white
dress ogoinst o dork bock-
ground - White morble stotue
with o bockground of shoded
shrubbery - View of o bright
l o n d s c o p e s e e nt h r o u g h o g o l e o r
window, - bul olsoihe opposile:
Chimney sweep in the snow -
B r o n c h e s ,B i r d s , T o w e r s o g o i n s t
o bright sky.

20

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 Reflected Light Meosuremenl
T h e s u b i e c t i s i n s u r r o u n d i n g s o f s t r o n g l y c o n t r o s i i n g b r i g h t n e s s .Y o u o r e n o t i n t e r e s t e d
in detoiled reproduction of the environment bui, possibly, it is included in the meosure-
ment; the reoding obtoined would result in wrong exposure for the principol subiect of
fhe picture.
l f p o s s i b l e ,g e t c l o s e r t o t h e m o i n s u b i e c t o n d w o t c h t h e i n d i c o t o r n e e d l e o f y o u r L U N A S I X .
As soon os its fluctuotion becomes very slight, you con be sure thot the meosuring oreo is
free of intruding surroundings.
Incidenf [ight Meosuremenl
I n t h i s c o s e , i t i s t h e b e t t e r m e o s u r i n g m e i h o d b e c o u s et h e c o n t r o s t s u r r o u n d i n g t h e p r i n '
cipol subiect connot offect the meosurement.
For inqccessible subiecls, use "Light Meosurement of Substiiute Locotion" (see poge 6).

Seoscopes I
''
I T h i s i n c l u d e s : S e o s h o r e- W o v e s o n d B r e o k e r s - S h i p s - B e o c h s c e n e s . '
I n e f l e c t e d L i g h t M e o s u r e m e n t u s u o l l y l e o d s t o g o o d e x p o s u r e ,b u l y o u m i g h t i n o d v e r t o n t l y :
m e o s u r et h e b r i g h f l i g h t o b o v e t h e w o t e ' r ,o r t h e w h i t e s o n d . W i t h p e o p l e i n t h e f o r e g r o u n d
o f b e o c h s c e n e s " c l o s e - u p " m e o s u r e m e n tw o u l d b e p r e f e r o b l e ( s e e p o s j 5 o n d ' l ' l ) . l t i s
olwoys better to'use the lncident Light Meosurement. ' "'

21
 :-iir

i
w
lv*

Frer, nL bal_gas,oy

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I' lncidenl Light Meosuremenl
lf the subiectis inoccessible, usethe substitulemethodof meosuring(seepoge6).
Do not use the foster shutterspeedsfor close-upshotsof woves or breokers;otherwise,
you get the displeosing"freeze effect" which mokesthe swirling woter oppeor like ice
s u s p e n d eidn t h e o i r . A s m o l ld o s eo f m o t i o nb l u r i s p r e f e r o b l e .F o r s l o w " r o l l e r s "i n t h e
medium distonce,the correct shutter speed lies oround r/sowhile croshing "breokers"
demondlll;,sto 1/zso sac. Use this informotionos o guide ond goin your own experiencein
obtoiningthe mostpleosingeffect.
I
@l
I c o n o d d d r o m o o n d o t h i r d d i m e n s i o nt o y o u r p i c t u r e . D e p e n d i n go n t h e i l l u m i n o t i o n ,
obiectsore outlined with shining contours- long shodowsreoch toword the comero -
foliogeshimmers- silhoueites ore creoted.
Bock lighfing moy light the subiects from the most voried ongles; becouse of this voriety,
o n l y g e n e r o l s u g g e s t i o n s f o r e x p o s u r e m e o s u r e m e n i sc o n b e m o d e . B e ' s i d e s ,m u c h w i l l
d e p e n d o n y o u r o w n c r e o t i v eo i m s .
Let's ossume your scene comprises o group of bock-lighted trees, with o bright londscope
beyond. lf, on the one hond, you meosure only the dork trees (by reflected or incidenl
meosuring method) ond on the other hond only the bright londscope (to gef o reflected
l i g h t r e o d i n g , y o u m i g h t i u s t w o l k t o t h e l e f t o r r i g h t o f t h e g r o u p o f t r e e s ) ,y o u w i l l g e t
two extreme reodings. lf you expose correcily for the trees, you will hove o greotly over-
v.y expose correctly for the bockground,londseopel trees witt
t*p"?"q,5.g9lglrdu-ndif ]he
23
 it
become mere silhouetles. You
will hove to decide for one or
the other, or else use on infer-
mediote setting.
Similor conditions exist with
most "ogoinst the light" siluo-
tions, ond only when the bqck-
lighting is used for effect on
smoll portions of the scene,
should you toke on over-oll
reoding "os usuol". For such
reodingsit is importont thot the
LUNASIX be not in the direct
poth of the bock lighting. lf
n e c e s s o r ys, h i e l d y o u r L U N A S I X
w i t h o f o r o u t s t r e t c h e dh q n d .

24
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 Portrqitsond Groups
Goodportroitsrequireconsideroble
p h o t o g r o p h isck i l l o n d c o r e . H o i r ,
e y e so n d c o m p l e x i o o n r e" s e n s i b l e "
nuonces whosecorrectreproduction
determinesresemblonceond ex-
pression.This mokescorefulexpo-
sure meosurement very importont.
Follow the suggeslionsfor the in-
c l u s i o no f p e o p l eu n d e rt h e v o r i o u s
s u b i e cht e o d i n g sS. i m i l o rc o n d i t i o n s
o p p l yt o

Picturesof qnimqls
Here is o speciol tip for Reflected
Light Meosuremenl:
For coged onimols, hold your
LUNASIX between the bors or
through ihe wire mesh. lf thot is
too dongerous, toke the meosure-

25
m e n l n e ' o r b yi n o s i m i l o r c o g e h o v i n g t h e s o m e i l l u m i n o f i o n - b u t n o d o n g e r o u s o c c u p o n t !
C o m e r o h u n t i n g f o r w i l d l i f e i n n o t u r e d e m o n d s c o n s l o n t r e o d i n e s so n d t h e r e f o r e ,i s u n t h i n k -
oble without "Advonce Meosurement" (seepoge 29).

!g!d'9gp9l i
Here you hove: Woods ond Meodows - Porks ond Gordens - City scenes - Brooks ond F
s:fr
Rivers- Lokes - Mountoins.
ReflecledLight Meosurement produces perfeci resultswhenever the londscope fits the clos-
sificotion "normol scene" (see poge 18). To minimize the effect of the sky on your reoding, 1 { .
t
.It
s i m p l y p o i n t t h e L U N A S I Xs l i g h t l y d o w n w o r d . b-_
5
lf the scene includes extensive dork portions (shoded side of mounioin, eic.), or, for distont o1'
londscopes, the I
I n c i d e n t l i g h t M e o e u r e m e n l i s p r e f e r o b l e . U s u o l l y , i h e s p o t w h e r e y o u s t o n d g e t s t h e s o m e (^- rs.
'T
i l l u m i n o t i o n o s t h e l o n d s c o p e ,i n w h i c h c o s e y o u m e r e l y " o b o u t f o c e " w i t h y o u r L U N A S I X
l
ond meosurethe light exoctly opposite to the direction of the comero. $ ';
$,
lf the sun is io one side, or if it produces bock lighting, you first toke on incideni light.
reoding from your own position opposite the comero direction (os obove) ond then toke o
.t'',
d i r e c t r e o d i n g o f t h e s u n . F i n o l l y ; r r s et h e m i d d l e v o l u e b e t w e e n t h e t w o r e o d i n g s f o r y o u r
exposure.
{,,
26 \I
!.ll'., ,.'r". '-"'t:

www.orphancameras.com
,l:.::.,;
.t
 Luminosity
;--
I

The following fit this heoding:

Sunset - Bright clouds - Stoined
g l o s sw i n d o w s - F r o s t e d w i n d o w s -
' Neon Signs.

, Reflected Light Meqsurement

.' T h i si s t h e c o r r e c l m e o s u r i n gm e fh o d
. if the luminous subiect is in o floi
'.
, p l o n e w h i c h f i l l s t h e m e o s u r i n go r e o
of the LUNASIX.
.'
Wifh on evening sky, silhouettesof
I t r e e so r b u i l d i n g s i n t h e f o r e g r o u n d
." crre very effective; however, they
i con - if they ore very extensive in-
i. f l u e n c et h e m e o s u r e m e n t . l t i s t h e n
'
odvisoble to toke your meosure-
ment from o different position ond
p o s t t h e s i l h o u e t t e df o r e g r o u n d .
Ftto- 9na Oo./r1"s
D o r k o r e o s o r o u n d b r i g h t w i n d o w s o r e s i m i l o r l y d i s t u r b i n g f o r m e o s u r e m e n t( s e e p o g e 2 0 ) .
W o l k c l o s e r t o t h e w i n d o w u n t i l t h e u n c h o n g i n gp o s i t i o n o f t h e i n d i c o t o r n e e d l e t e l i s y o u
thot the meosuring oreq is correctly ploced.
For very bright subiects - frosted windows, for inslonce - it is odvisoble io modify the
e x p o s u r e i n d i c o t i o n b y o d d i n g 1 l zl o 1 s t e p m o r e e x p o s u r e .
Incident Light Meosuremenl
is, of course,out of the question for this type of subiect.

Indoors(ot home) |
F o r i n s t o n c eF: o m i l yl i f e - H o b b i e s- C h i l d r e no t p l o y .
Reflectedlight Meosuremenl
It is olwoys conside,robly dorker indoors thon outdoors.Be sure to excludewindows or
l i g h i sf r o m t h e m e o s u r i n g o r e o ( s e ep o g e 2 0 , " l n t r u d i n gS u r r o u n d i n g s "Y) o . uwill be better
off usingthe
IncidentLight Meosuremenl
I n d o o r i l l u m i n o f i o nu s u o l l yf o l l s o f f r o p i d l y ; e v e n o s l i g h ts h i f t o w o y f r o m o w i n d o w o r
lomp hos o consideroble i n f l u e n c eo n b r i g h t n e s s .
Therefore,olwoys meqsureexocflyfrom the subiectlowords the cqmerq!
t i A v o i d m i x i n gd o y l i g h io n d o r t i f i c i o l i g h t ! D o y l i g h tw, i t h t h e o d d i t i o no f o r t i -
UQ$@llD ficicl light, usuolly,producescolour distortionwhichconnotbe correcied:too
r e d w i t h d o y l i g h tf i l m , . t o ob l u ew i t h t u n g s i e nf i l m .
New possibilities.Eventhe for off, dork cornersof rooms con now be gecurotelymeosured
with your LUNASIX:Thus it opens up new oreos into which you did-hot venturebe,fore.

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 FqstAction
Here you hove:
A u t o m o b il e o n d h o r s e - r o c i n g
- Outdoor sports - Grob
s h o t s - W i l d l i f e - S e r i e so f
fost moving scenes.
T h e s u d d e n n e s so n d s p o n -
toneity of mony events moke
n o r m o l m e o s u r e m e n ti m p o s -
sible - if only for lock of
time. However, to be pre-
pored, you simply moke ad-
vqnce meqsuremenls. You
moy do this shortly before
the octuol picture is ioken,
of the some ploce or, in o
p i n c h ,o n o s u b s t i t u t es u b i e c t .
O f c o u r s e ,y o u c o n u s e e i t h e r
the reflectedor incident light
meosuringmethod, depend-
ing on ihe prevoiling condi-
t i o n s .l n c b n s t o n t w e o t h e or n d

29
especiolly oround the middle
of the doy, such odvonce meo-
s u r e m e n t sw i l l r e m o i n v o l i d f o r
some time. On the olher hond,
should there be sufficient time,
you might check up on your ori-
g i n o l m e o s u r e m e n to f i n t e r v o l s .
The volue of odvonce meosure-
ment is not limited io fost-oction
photogrophy. lt increoses your
reodiness generolly ond oids
you in ochieving consideroble
freedom in your shooting tech-
nique.
Low light
T h i s t h e m e i n c l u d e sm o n y s u b -
i e c t sw h o s el o w i l l u m i n o t i o e nn-
h o n c e si h e i r p i c t o r i o vl o l u e ,b u t
olso increosesthe purely tech-
nicol difficulties.
Street scenesot night - Lote
d u s k- S e m i - d o r k n e -s sC o n d l e
l i g h ts c e n e s- M o o n l i g h ts c e n e s

30

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 - S n o p s h o t si n d o o r s . A l l t h e s e
s u b [ e c t s l,o r g e l y b e y o n d t h e r o n -
ge of conventionol exposureme-
: ters, ore brought sofely into the
reolm of unerring photogrophic
t e c h n i q u ew i t h t h e L U N A S I X .
Street Scenes i
wi tl i i l l u minoiion
lignsondm o v -
ing troffic ore best meosured
with ihe reflected light method.
Neorby street lights should be
k e p i o u t s i d e t h e m e o s u r i n go r e o
of rhetuNAStx.
lote Dusk
provides o speciol mood for
interestingpictures,porticulorly
o
rn cily ond town when the light
9f theskymixeswith the lighted
disploy signsin o colourfufsym_
N phony. For exposure meosure-
ment, the some conditions pre_
voil os for night streef scenes.

3l
Mqtchond CondleI
probobly the mosi modestlights for photogrophy,offer no problemsto the LUNASIX'In
i st m o r e
monycoses,reflectedlight n , ' J o r u r " r u nits p o s s i b l eb, u l i n c i d e n lt i g h t m e o s u r e m e n
relioble.

Sho Windows
becouseof their strikingdecorotion,often moke very interestingpiciures.Use.thereflected
light meosurement, thro-ugh ihe plote gloss,bui with coution,so thot strongreflectionsfrom
* i t h i n d o n o i s h i n ei n t o t h e L U N A S I Xw i n d o w l F o r c o n d i ds h o t so f p e o g l e w i n d o ws h o p p i n g
- oit"n o fine studyof expressions!-iust be sure during reflectedlight meosurement thot
o r e o o f t h e L U N A S I XA. s i t w o u l d c e r t o i n l y
t h e p r i n c i p o li n t e r e i tl i e sw i t h i n t h e m e o s u r i n g
be presumptuous to mokeclose-upmeosurements of strongefoces,you mightstep up to l!."
*into* yourselfond moke on "qdvqncemeosurement" on your own foce (seepoge 29).

FloodLighting I
ona
t h e n o c i u r n o l i l l u m i n o t i o n o f i m p o r t o n t b u i l d i n g s ,d e m o n d s r e f l e c t e . dl i g h t m e o s . u r " t " n ,
if
coution inot rn" meosuring oreo. be filled entirely by ihe flood-lighted building.front,
p L * i U f " . i " c i J e n t l i g h t m e J s u r e r e n i m o y o l s o b e c o n s i d e r e d ;i i i s p o s s i b l e o n l y , t h o u g h , i f
you .on olrr;lit so,id righioi the front oi th" flood-lishted buitdinE."

32
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',#.
t
e Pictures
during o performonce (theotre, circus, coboret, voudeville) ore o lreosure-trove of often
s u r p r i - s i n g ' s c e n e s .R e v e r t t o t h e t r i c k o f " o d v o n c e m e o s u r e m e n i " ( s e e p o g e 2 9 ) u s i n g t h e
reflectediight method. lt is olso importont thot your seot be close enough to the stoge so
( s e ep o g e 9 ) .
t h q t i h e m e - o s u r i n go r " o o f i n " t U N R S I X d o e s n o i i n c l u d e s u r r o u d i n g d o r k n e s s
H"ru, the LUNASIX, with its norrow occeptonce ongle ond high sensitivity, scores porticu-
lorly high.

"Grqb Shols"
o t b o n g u e t s , i n t r o i n s , b u s s e s ,r e s t o u r o n t s ,o n d i n l i g h t e d i n t e r i o r s g e n e r o l l y . H e r e t o o , o d -
v o n c e m e o s u r e m e n ii s o d v i s o b l e ( s e e p o g e 2 9 ) s o t h o t y o u d o n o t b e c o m e c o n s p i c u o u s .
W h e t h e r t o u s e r e f l e c t e d o r i n c i d e n t l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n td e p e n d s o n c o n d i t i o n s ; i n c i d e n l
l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n ti s p r o b o b l y m o r e u n i v e r s o l l yu s o b l e , o s i t d o e s n o t d e m o n d t h e e x c l u s i o r r
o f d i r e c t l i g h t s o s i n r e f l e c t e dl i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t .

tr hos not yet moved the needle of ony exposure meter hitherto used in photogrophy. But the
Moonlight I

L U N A S I X g i v e s y o u o r e l i o b l e m e c i 6 0 r e m e net v e n h e r e l T o p r e s e r v e t h e c h o r c c t e r o f n i g h t ,
i t i s w i s e t o m o d i f y y o u r r e o d i n g s h e r e o s i n o t h e r n i g h t p i c i u r e s .,

33

..t
 Tips for Night Pictures
ll NightMood
l f y o u w o n t t o r e t o i nt h e c h o r o c t eor f l h e n i g h tw i t h " d o r k n e s sq" n d o m i n i m u mo f v i s i b l e
d e t o i l ,s i m p l y u s e o s h o r t e re x p o s u r et h o n i n d i c o t e db y y o u r L U N A S I X ;o t h e r w i s ey o u r
"night" scenemight resembleo doyiimescene.Frequenily,however,the "reciprocityefiect,,
producesthe someresultos o shorierexposureThereore no hord ond fost rulesobout this.
To goin experience, you might stort ofi by using,without modificoiion,the exposuretimes
indicotedby your LUNASIX.

ReciprocityEffect For more informotion,see poge 42

For street scenes oi nighi, in moonlight ond for illuminoted signs, use doy-
l i g h t f i l m . S c e n e s i l l u m i n o t e d b y i n c o n d e s c e n tl i g h t ( o r d i n o r y l i g h t b u l b s )
d e m o n d t u n g s t e n f i l n i ; , i n b o r d e r l i n e c o s e s t h e d o y l i g h t t . y p ef i l m w i l l u s u o l l y
'produce more ogreeoble colours.

34 *r
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t
T
 Reflecled Light Meqsuremenl
I n o s n o w - c o v e r e dl o n d s c q p e t, h e m e o s -
uring circle of your LUNASIX is oi-
m o s t e n t i r e l yf i l l e d b y g r e o t b r i g h t n e s s .
The indicoted exposurewould be too
short, porticulorly when there ore
people, onimols, or trees in the fore-
g r o u n d . E x p o s u r em o d i f i c o t i o n o f 1 / zt o
1 stepshouldbe mode.

I t i s s i m p l e rt o u s e t h e
Incident Light Meqsuremenl
becouse it indicotes correct exposure
olmost directly. lf you wont to get
s p e c i o l e f f e c t s- f o r i n s t o n c et h e s u b t l e
",iu&i:#'
shodows in the snow d e c r e o s et h e '
indicoted exposure by 1/z to 1 step.
N o t u r o l l y , i n t h i s c o s e ,d o r k f o r e g r o u n d
w i | | s h o w s o m e w h q t l e s s d e t qi I o n d , i n
c o l o u r ,h o v es t r o n g l y s o t u r o t e d c o l o u r s .

35
 Architectures
Here you hove:
F o u n t o i n s- M o n u m e n t s- G o i e s - B u i l d i n g so f o l l k i n d s . I
l n t e r i o r s- S i q i r s - C h u r c h e s- M u s e u m s ,e t . . - P o i n t i n g so n d M u r o l s i n d o o r s o n d o u f d o o r s . i
r

Reflected light Meosurement r

F
Outdoors: this method presents no problems in most coses if you use o normol or -
for
e x t e n s i v eb u i l d i n g s - o w i d e - o n g l e l e n s . H o w e v e r , i f y o u w o n t t o p i c k o u t o n l y o s m o l l
sec-
t i o n w i t h o i e l e p h o t o l e n s ,y o u r e x p o s u r e r e o d i n g w i l i s t i l l b e u s o b l e i f t h e r e i s e q u o l
over-
o l l b r i g h t n e s s .T h i s m e o n s m e r e l y t h o t t h e s o r e d i s t t i b u t i o n o f b r i g h t o n d d t r k e x i s t
in the
s u r r o u n d i n go r e o o s i n t h e s m o l l e r o r e o y o u o r e c o v e r i n g . l f t h i s r o i , r " n u s d o e s n o t p r e v o i l ,
t o k e y o u r m e o s u r e m e n tc l o s e r t o t h e s u b l e c t ( s e ep o g e 2 0 - ", l n t r u d i n g S u r - r ; d i n g r , , ; . '
Indoors: you must ovoid meosuring towords bright windows or lomps! - Generolly
it is
preferoble to use the
Incident Light Meosurement
Y o u c o n g e i m e o s u r e m e n t sf o r i n o c c e s s i b l eo r e o s b y u s i n g i n c i d e n t l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t
ot o
subsiitute locotion (seepoge 6, "Bosic Operoting Insiructiolns,,).

ktlaut,ili:U;i:::i;'dh'ffi::":::,.?l',:,,TJ,?l,l?,:1X.i0".d
fllilff:i.,,;
lorge cleor gloss windows, doyli(jht colour films will usuolly produce-
results; if
o n l y o r t i f i c i o l l i g h t i s u s e d , y o u s h o u l d o f c o u r s e e m p l o y f i l m s b o l o r i " u d" *f.oL1i .tt"unnt g s t e n
light.

36
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t
TechnicolAppendix
The LUNASIX Principle

Unlike conventionol exposure meters whose photoelectric cell consists of o selenium

element, the LUNASIX hos o photo resistor (photo-conduclive element) ond is powered by
2 liny mercury botteries. While o selenium element converis light into electric energy, the
p h o t o r e s i s t o rm e r e l y c h o n g e si t s c o n d u c t i v i t y i n t h e p r e s e n c eo f l i g h t . T h e e l e c t r i c o l e n e r g y
which powers the precision mechonism of the LUNASIX to deflect the indicotor needle is
here supplied by botteries.
P h o t o - c o n d u c t icveel l
Diogromof the LUNASIX

Resistoncefor

n
colibroting

37
Reodinsrhescqres
Eorfier ShutterSpeeds -+ ffi ,5025 ,10,s
,100

'2'4'8
e i c . o r e f r o c t i o n so f s e c o n d s : 1 / z - 1 / r - i / s s e c .e t c .
U n - m o r k e d n u m e r o l s1 , 2 , 4 e t c . o r e f u l l s e c o n d s .
1m 2m 4m etc. ore minutes.
th 2h 4h etc. ore hours.
corresponding exposuretimes (sec.)
l-
Y

Cine fromes per second ond

Note: On cerioin motion picture coirieros,the exposuretime of normol.speed.(16f.p.s. is

not1/sosecond.)Checktheinstructionsforyourcomero!

38
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 ASA D I N ASA DIN
ASA ExposureExposure ASA Exposure Exposure
Degrees I ndex Index Degrees lndex lndex

i 7o 400 27
lo 69 500 28
8 10 7.50
650 29
r* 1.50
20
10 11
12 12
8o 800
r000
30
31
16 t3 8.50 The ASA scoles (7 ond 14)
1250 32
2.5" 20 14 show only thevolues printed
9o 1600 33
3o 25 15 2000 34 here in bold types; the inter-
32 16 9.50 m e d i o l e v o l u e so r e i n d i c o t e d
2500 35
3.50 40 17 by dots on the scoles.
100 3200 35
4o 50 t 8 .|0.50 4000 37 Doubling or holving on ASA
64 19 5000 38 Exposure lndex volue is
4.50
80 20 llo 5400 39 equivolent to one sfop.
5o r00 2r 8000 40 I n c r e o s i n go r d e c r e o s i n gt h e
125 22 I.|.50 '10 .
000 41 ASA Degree by 1 is equivo- .

fr 5.50
6ro

6.5"
160 23
200 24
250 25
320 26
120 12000
16000
20000
25000
42
43
44
45
lent to one sfop.
l n c r e o s i n go r d e c r e o s i n gt h e
EV number by I is equivo-
lenl to one sfop.
:

39
N
W h e n e x p o s u r em o d i f i c q f i o n i s i n o r d e r ( s e ep o g e 1 2 ) , y o v s i m p l y c h o o s e o n e ( o n d o n l y o n e ! )
of the following odiustments:

OneStop
rI
F
l f o c f u o l L U N A S I Xr e o d i n g nore less
I
is, for exomple: )osure I expos(
r e q u i r e so c h o n g ei o :

I n d i c o t o rS c o l e l 6
EV Scole l0
t5
9
17
il
$
Shutter Speed r/ro

f
1/ts 't 60

LensAperture f/5.6 4 8

N o t e : T h e A S A s e t t i n gr e m o i n su n c h o n g e d !

Colibrqrion Dqlq
The toble on the bock of the LUNASIX shows the opproximote colibrotion doto. Theseore
t h e f o o l c o n d l e o n d L u x v o l u e s ( l f t - c = 1 0 . 7 6L u x ) c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e L U N A S I X s c o l e
reodings obtoined by the incidenl light meosurement method. The LUNASIX should not be
considered o full-fledged footcondle meter becouse, strictly speoking, footcondles of
ft
i l l u m i n o t i o n c o n b e m e o s u r e d o n l y b e m e o n s o f o f l o i i n t e r c e p t i n g s c r e e n .T h e L U N A S I X i s
F
www.orphancameras.com
T Il

equipped with o sphericol diffusing screen ond thus ochieves superior collection of the
p f r o i o g r o p h i c o l l ye f i e c t i v e i l l u m i n o t i o n : P h o t o g r o p h i cs u b i e c t so r e u s u o l l y i h r e e - d i m e n s i o n o l
il
o n d t l " r e yo r e i l l u m i n o t e d f r o m m o n y d i f f e r e n t d i r e c t i o n s ( s u n , s k y , r e f l e c t i o n s f r o m b u i l d i n g s ,
trees, ground, etc.). However, the footcondle toble con be of procticol volue for meosuring
direct light beoms (orc lights, spots).
F o r r e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n f ,f o o t c o n d l e v o l u e s c o n n o t b e g i v e n o f o l l , s i n c e t h i s m e t h o d
meosures the light reflected by the subiect. Reflected light meosurement does not reveol
-
t h e o m o u n t o f i l l u m i n o t i o n - u n l i k e i n c i d e n t I i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t b u t t h e b r i g h t n e s so f o
surfoce, expressedos Apostilb, in short osb or condles per squore foot. The colibrotion of
t h e L U N A S I X f o r r e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t ,e x p r e s s e d i n o s b , i s o p p r o x ' 7 . 5 t i m e s s m o l l e r
t h o n t h e L u x v o l u e s f o r i n c i d e n tl i g h t m e o s u r e m e n t .

Lux osb
S c o l ev o l u e ft-c cd/squore foot
( l n c i d e nLt i g h t ) (ReflectedLight)

F. I 0 .1 7 5
0.35
0 .0 1 4
.028
0.023
0.045
0.00075
.0015
2.
3 0.7 .055 0.09 .003
4' 1.4 -
0.18 .006
"01
41
l
As o result of this colibrotion, such o medium grey tone will be reproduced by block-ond.
white os well os color film with o density or color volue, respectively, thot lies opproxi-
motely in the middle of the stroight line of grodotion. Thus, sufficientlotitude exists in
correct exposure for those ports of o scene which ore lighter or dorker thon the ,,medium
greY".

Reciprocity Efrect
P h o t o g r o p h yu n d e r p o o r l i g h t c o n d i i i o n s c o l l s f o r " o b n o r m o l l y " l o n g e x p o s u r et i m e s ( t r i p o d
!).
This results in the so-colled reciprociiy efiecl with oll film types: the times meosured
must
be extended for shots to ovoid under-exposure (however, see poge 34).This effect is
difie-
rent with the vorious film fypes. This is the reoson why it is not token into occount
on the
scole of the LUNASIX.
This effect couses olso o shift in the colour bolonce due to the longer times (colour
cost).
This shift con be bolonced with the respectivecorrection filters.
The following exomples ore bosed on doto which we received from film monufocturers.
These ore overoge volues i.e. some emulsions moy differ from others
which con be found
e o s i l y w i t h t e s t e x p o s u r e s .l n c o s e o f d o u b t s c o n i o c t t h e r e s p e c t i v ef i l m m o n u f o c t u r e r .

Kodok: The Ektochrome Sheet Films os well os Ektocolor Film Types L ore
supplied with
s p e c i o l d o t o s h e e t s w i t h i n s t r u c t i o n sf o r l o n g - t i m e e x p o s u r e s . O f h e r f i l m s
see opposite poge.

42

www.orphancameras.com
I EktqchromeFilms

r
Meosured exposure
time in sec6nds
1 | r0 lrcol1000
Note 1)
'oF
C =

YL Su p e r - X X
I tAp' = Pon

co; Royol Pon

Doylight '1"I I I l'l. | _

IOASA

Doylight
q, 25 ASA
E ( K o d o c h r .l l )

u P r o f e s s i o n Io
TypeAl6ASA
Y.
T'
ProfessionoI o
ypeA32ASA fa
( K o d o c h r .l l ) ()
3l
21, 1'lz | 2 5 l0 20 €O rco 2cl 500s.r
|
l0M t20M meosured exoosure time

$ ri Foi f'lqt-speed Ektochrome E - 2 d o y l i g h t f r l m ' . l 6 0 A S A , T y p e B f i l m 1 2 5 A S A .

on,VerichromePon.
N o t e l ) P o n o t o m i c - X ,P l u s - XP o n , P l u s - XP o n P r o f e s s i o n o l ,T r i - X ^ P o n , _ R o y o - lP- X
iiiiil'B"formended KODAK fi[ters' ]) For doylisht filni E-2,32 ASA ; 2) For doylisht film E-3 50 ASA .
. F o r o r i i f i . c i o l - l i g h tf i l m E - 3
T ' V p eB 3 i A S A n o f i l t e r i s r e c o m m e n 6 s d . T h e f i l t e r f o c t o r s m u s l b e c o n s i d e r e d . o d d i t i o n o l l y .
Agfocolor ReversolFilm CT qnd CK
(from: Agfocolor Umkehr-Plonfilm, LeitfodenfUr
Aufnohmeund Selbstverorbeitung, .|963)
2. Aufl.
l n g e n e r o l ,t h e c o l o u r b o l o n c e s h i f t s t o w o r d s
yellow, respectivelyyellow-green with longer
exposuretimes.Exocffilter volues(tokingcorrec-
tion filters) con be obtoined by the Agfocolor
Servicesof your country.

q5t2s

m e o s u r e de x p g s u r e t i m e

44

www.orphancameras.com
 Perutz-Color C l8 Adox Color Reversolfilm C IB
( s e ed i o g r o m ) o c c o r d i n g t o P e r u t zI n f o r m o t i o n s
4 / C o l o u r f i l m1 4 . 3 . 6 0 .

tN.
,ooo

50t

tuo

,oo

&

45
The Color-Finder

C o l o u r t e m p e r o t u r e s i g n i f i e st h e c o l o u r o f t h e l i g h t . H i g h c o l o u r t e m p e r o t u r e m e o n s b l u i s h
l i g h t o n d h e n c e g i v e s o b l u e c o l o u r c o s t . L o w c o l o u r t e m p e r o t u r em e o n s r e d d i s h l i g h t - p i c -
t u r e s o f s u n s e to r l o w - v o l t o g e l o m p s - o n d h e n c e m e o n s o r e d c o l o u r c o s t .
l f n e c e s s o r y t, h e c o l o u r t e m p e r o t u r e c o n b e o d i u s t e d o n d t h e c o l o u r c o s t e l i m i n o t e d b y t h e
useof colour-correction
filters.
Note: blue colour-correctionfilters increosethe colour temperoture,red filtersdecreoseit.

# C o l o u rf i l t e rw i t h .€
Colour
Doy lisht T u n g s t e lni g h t
Colourfilm Temperoture
Colourfilm

818 B6 2 600"K
812 no filier 3 2000K
B6 R6 4 0000K
no filter R12 5 8000K
R6 R18 1 00 0 0" K

Note olso the filter foctors!

46
www.orphancameras.com
Colour TemperotureMeqsuremenl I

w i t h t h e C O L O R - F I N D E Ri n t h e e v e r - r e o d y c o s e o f y o u r L U N A S I X . T h e r e o d i n g s h o u l d b e
t o k e n w i t h t h e C o l o r - F i n d e rh e l d v e r t i c o l l y o s f o r o s p o s s i b l e i n l i n e w i t h t h e f l o t f i e l d o f
v i e w t o b e m e o s u r e d .N o t e b y c o m p o r i s o nw h i c h o f t h e 5 f i e l d s i s e q u o l o r n e o r e s t i n c o l o u r
t o t h e l o n g c o m p o r i s o ns t r i p . T h e n r e o d t h e f i l t e r v o l u e s .
YourGossenIUNASIX I
i s o v o l u o b l ep r e c i s i o ni n s t r u m e n tm , o d e w i t h g r e o t c o r e o n d o c c u r o l e l e yc o l i b r o t e d .l t
d e s e r v egso o d c o r e ! T h ee n o r m o u sm e o s u r i n rgo n g e- d o w n t o f o i n t m o o n l i g h t -w h i c hy o u
g e t i n y o u r L U N A S I Xi,s d u e t o i i s u n i q u ep h o t o c o n d u c i i v ec e l l . L i k e t h e h i g h l ys e n s i t i v e
nervesof your own eyes,the photo conductivecell shouldnot be exposedunnecessorily to
b r i g h tl i g h t f o r e x t e n d e dp e r i o d s .W h i l e t h e c e l l d o e s n o t c h o n g ei t s p e r m o n e npt r o p e r t i e s
under long exposureto light, it tendsto retoin the impressionof light for o while. lf the
previousimpressionwos "dork", you con be sure of utmosimeosuringoccurocy.Therefore,
olwoyskeepyour LUNASIXin its cosewhenyou ore not octuollyusingit!
The bottery ond zero positiontestsdescribedon poge 7 enoble you to checkthe proper
functioningof your LUNASIX.
Meosuringcomporisonsof your LUNASIXwith similor or other types of exposuremeters
connotbe modeproperlywithoutspeciolloboroioryequipment(opticolbench).
lf your LUNASIXshouldfoil to operotesolisfoctorily,
pleosedo not try to repoir it yourself,.
but sendit immediotelyto our fociory

48
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I
F

n
*
----

Reviewof Subiects t8...36 Low Light 30...33

Street scenes 3'l

fr The normol scene

l n t r u d i n gS u r r o u n d i n g s
Seoscopes
BockLighting
18
20
21
23
Lotedusk
Motch ond condle
Shop windows
Floodlishting
3t
32
32
32
Portroits ond Groups 25 Stogepictures 33
P i c t u r e so f o n i m o l s 25 Grob shots 33
Londscopes 26" ' Moonlight 33
Luminosity 27 Tips for Nighf Pictures 34

tr lndoors
Fost oction
28
29
Snow
ArchitBctures
35
36
 ..'=^olj=Nl

P. GOSSEN & CO GMBH.,-

8520Erlongen(WesternGermony). Telephone870ll . Telex 06-29845

Printed in Germony www.orphancameras.com 76511e

, .-&: