MADAAN INSTITUTE®

SPOKEN ENGLISH
CONJUNCTIONS
By: Jitender Madaan

37, STREET NO. 3, OLD GOBIND PURA EXTN., DELHI – 1100519811725920,

9643725820
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Preface
A STEP AHEAD

 At MIEL, In the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, We Impart

AC - Advanced Course

HC - Higher Course

MC - Medium Course

BC - Basic Course

PC - Preparatory Course

Keeping in mind the level of the learner.

 We develop command in the Spoken & Written English Language throughout our plans.

 The New London style methodology is adopted including Practical Sessions, Finger Tip
Presentations, Small Speeches, Group Discussions, Intensive Grammar Patterns, Daily
Routine Tips, Slangs, Advanced and Exclusive Vocabulary, Pronunciation and
Expressions, Super Writing Skills and all the Modern Aspects of English Language.

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CONJUNCTIONS
DEFINITION: The words which are used to join two words/ phrases/ sentences are known as
CONJUNCTIONS/ SENTENCE CONNECTORS / SENTENCE LINKERS.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS: There are three types of conjunctions:

1. Co-ordinating Conjunction
2. Subordinating Conjunction
3. Correlative Conjunction

CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTION:
A co-ordinating conjunction joins together words, phrases or clauses of equal rank or
importance i.e. they are independent, not dependent on others. The common co-ordinating
conjunctions are –

 AND
 BUT
 FOR
 STILL
 ONLY
 YET
 OR
 OTHERWISE
 NOR
 AS WELL AS
 THEN
 THUS
 SO

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DETAILED EXPLANATION OF CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ARE AS

FOLLOWS:

 They add one statement to another.

Example:
 I went to the market and bought a cycle.
 She likes tea and coffee.
 Radha as well as Sonam is intelligent.
 Meenal as well as Keerat was present.

 They add statements expressing opposition or contrast.

Example:
 I went to the market, but the shops were closed.
 I was tired, yet I stayed up.
 He is eighty, still he is strong.
 He is very poor, yet he is happy.

 They add statements expressing a choice between two alternatives.

Example:
 You must rest or you will fall ill.
 My dog doesn’t like meat, nor does he like vegetables.
 Work hard otherwise you will fail.
 She will prepare food, then, she will meet you.

 They add statements expressing an inference.

Example:
 He will do well in life, for he is sincere.
 Her father has fallen ill, so she has taken leave.
 She will do nothing only weep.
 I helped her, thus she respects me.

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PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 1

1. Sanya is very rich. She is very generous. (use ‘as well as’)

2. King Bruce had been defeated six times. He went to war for the seventh time. (use ‘yet’)

3. I was exhausted. I had to go out. (use ‘but’)

4. She was unwell. She went to doctor. (use ‘so’)

5. I will go with you. I have a condition. (use ‘but’)

6. He is not a scholar. He is a good writer. (use ‘but)

7. The hotel was not good. The good was good. (use ‘yet’)

8. He gave me a new dress. He gave me a chocolate. (use ‘and’)

9. The concert was cancelled. We went to theatre. (use ‘so’)

10. He will succeed in his mission. He is a committed worker. (use ‘for’)

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PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 2

1. He is an architect. He is interested in creative writing. (use ‘but’)

2. Dhruvi drove to office. She did not want to be late. (use ‘for’)

3. Hurry up and close the door. The dust will blow into the house. (use ‘or’)

4. Jayant doesn’t like studies. He likes to do work. (use ‘nor’)

5. It was raining. I put on my raincoat. (use ‘so’)

6. Pooja is talented. She is successful. (use ‘and’)

7. Run fast. You will miss the train. (use ‘otherwise’)

8. Nikunj is crazy for video games. Yanik is crazy for video games. (use ‘as well as’)

9. Sohan is poor. He is honest. (use ‘yet’)

10. Do whatever you like. Do not make a noise. (use ‘only’)

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SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION:
A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another clause where once clause (subordinate
clause) is dependent on another clause (principal clause) for its full meaning.

The common subordinating conjunctions are:

 AFTER
 THOUGH
 ALTHOUGH
 WHEN
 SINCE
 TILL
 UNTILL
 WHILE
 BECAUSE
 BEFORE
 WHETHER
 IF
 AS LONG AS
 AS THOUGH
 LEST
 THAN

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DETAILED EXPLANATION OF subordinating CONJUNCTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Types of subordinating conjunctions:

 Subordinating conjunctions of time indicate when an action happened.

Example:

 I left for the school when the rain stopped.

 Seema will leave before the vacation starts.
 The doctor came after the patient had died.
 Wait here till she comes back.
 Don’t go until I allow you.
 Shruttee crossed the road while it was raining.
 No one can harm you as long as I am with you.

 Subordinating conjunctions of place indicate where an action happened.

Example:

 You can place the trunk wherever you like.

 The students can stay where they are.

 Subordinating conjunctions of reason introduce the cause or explanation for an action

expressed in the main clause.

Example:

 I cannot dismiss him because he is my oldest employee.

 We were forgiven by our parents since we promised not to repeat our mistake.
 It looked as though it was going to rain.

 Subordinating conjunctions of result tell us that one idea is the result or consequence of
another.

Example:

 The bus was so crowded that we could not get off.

 Such was his condition, that we lost hope.
 Work hard lest you should fail.

 Subordinating conjunctions of purpose introduce the objective of purpose of an action

expressed in the main clause.

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Example:

 She is working day and night so that she may complete the project on schedule.
 We work that we may lead comfortable life.

 Subordinating conjunctions of condition describe the conditions under which something may or
may not happen.

Example:

 You will lose your job if you are late everyday.

 You will not get any tickets unless you reach early.
 I had a doubt whether my answer was correct or not.

 Subordinating conjunctions of contrast or concession introduce conditions or events that are

different from what is expected.

Example:

 She has not given up though she knows the obstacles ahead.
 Although I arrived on time, I found no one at the bus stop.

 Subordinating conjunctions of comparison help to compare two persons or things.

Example:

 He is as quite as I.
 Karan is cleverer than his brother.

 Subordinating conjunctions of manner indicate how an action takes place.

Example:

 She behaved as if she knew everything.

 The people spoke as they had been advised.

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PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 1

1. You say so. I believe it. (use ‘if’)

2. Hurry up! You will be late. (use ‘or’)

3. He is leaving. We are giving him a farewell. (use ‘because’)

4. You wish it. It shall be done. (use ‘as’)

5. I thought so. I was younger then. (use ‘when’)

6. You are tall. My father is taller. (use ‘than’)

7. You eat too much. You will gain weight. (use ‘if’)

8. Your brother is in London. I know it. (use ‘that’)

9. He ran to the station. He missed the train. (use ‘although’)

10. The musician played. The children danced. (use ‘while’)

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PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 2

1. He was not there. I spoke to his assistant. (use ‘because’)

2. He will not pay. He must be compelled. (use ‘if’)

3. He finished first. He began late. (use ‘although)

4. He apologized to the principal. He was sorry for his behaviour. (use ‘because’)

5. I study hard. I will not do well. (use ‘unless’)

6. Take a torch. The night is dark. (use ‘as’)

7. The flat is small. It is surprisingly spacious. (use ‘but’)

8. Please meet me. You have time. (use ‘if’)

9. Rahul is intelligent. Sahil is more intelligent. (use ‘than’)

10. I roasted a chicken. He studied for his test. (use ‘while’)

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CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION:
Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that are always used in pairs.

The common correlative conjunctions are:

 AS...SO
 NEITHER...NOR
 SO...THAT
 EITHER...OR
 BOTH...AND
 SUCH...THAT
 NO SOONER...THAN
 NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO
 HARDLY...WHEN
 THOUGH...YET
 WHETHER...OR
 RATHER...THAN
 SCARCELY...WHEN
 WHAT WITH...AND
 JUST AS...SO
 IF...THEN
Example:
 As the morning is, so is the day.
 Neither he nor I can accompany you today.
 He spoke so fast that I couldn’t’ understand him.
 Ronnie will either meet you today or call you tomorrow.
 The student was both applauded too and rewarded by the school.
 Such was his motivation that he refused to give up.
 No sooner had I entered the station than I heard the announcement.
 The flood waters not only damaged the earthen dam but also contaminated the drinking water.
 Hardly he had stepped out of the house when the roof fell.
 Though he is poor yet he is honest.
 I don’t know whether he will accompany me or not.

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PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 1

1. Every night, ................... loud music .................... fighting neighbors wake John from his sleep.

2. .................. Debra .............. Sally expressed her annoyance when the cat broke the antique lamp.

3. ................... did Mary grill burgers for Michael, ............... she ..............fixed a steak for her dog,
Vinny.

4. She is ............... intelligent .............. beautiful.

5. I will ................. go for a hike ................. stay home and watch TV.

6. Jerry is ................... rich ................. famous.

7. He is .................. intelligent, ................... very funny.

8. Would you ..................... go shopping ........................ spend the day at the beach?

9. ............. that is the case, ................... I’m not surprised about what’s happening.

10. I like ................. to sing opera, ................ to spend my spare time practicing ballroom dances.

11. Have you made a decision about .................. to go to the movies ........................ not?

12. ...................... had I put my umbrella away, ................ it started raining.

13. This salad is ................ delicious .............. healthy.

14. The test was ................ very short ............. quite easy.

15. .................. Joe ............... his sisters could understand what their parents were saying when they
spoke French.

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MIXED PRACTICE BAG – 1

BECAUSE NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO OTHERWISE OR WHILE
AS LONG AS YET HOWEVER THAT UNTIL

1. He is rich. He is greedy.

2. Run fast. You will miss the train.

3. Make hay. The sun shines.

4. Shruttee will not visit my house. I don’t ring her up.

5. You are lucky. You have got the price.

6. Sohan is poor. He is honest.

7. She doesn’t labour hard. She will succeed.

8. I waited for Riya. She got up.

9. The thief ran away. He had seen the policeman.

10. Study well. You will fail in the exams.

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MIXED PRACTICE BAG – 2

AFTER FOR BOTH...AND ONLY AS SOON AS
SUCH...THAT SINCE SO AS JUST THEN

1. The police arrived. The thief had run away.

2. It stopped raining. He reached home.

3. You are a rogue. Nobody likes you.

4. Chetali is wise. Chetali is intelligent.

5. The nights are long. It’s the end of December.

6. Let us occupy our seats. The cab is about to move.

7. The students were making noise. The principal came.

8. You see Mohan. Ring me up.

9. You are my best friend. I shall not punish you.

10. He didn’t practice Mathematics. He failed in class test.

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MIXED PRACTICE BAG – 3

IF ALTHOUGH BEFORE THEREFORE UNTIL
WHILE THAT SO THAT BUT LEST

1. He ran hard. He should miss the train.

2. He worked hard. He failed.

3. I am glad. You have come.

4. He is working hard. He may pass.

5. He failed. He didn’t study.

6. He spent five years in America. He came to India.

7. My uncle was roasting the bread. He burnt his hand.

8. You serve me. I shall pay you.

9. Don’t allow him to enter the class. He brings his parents.

10. He worked hard. He failed.

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MIXED PRACTICE BAG – 4

AS AND SO...THAT TILL NEVERTHELESS
WHEREAS WHEN WHERE HENCE AS WELL AS

1. You are very week. You must take Bournvita.

2. She runs fast. She can catch the train.

3. Sohail didn’t drive fast. He missed the flight.

4. Vani is smart. Kritika is smart.

5. They are rich. They are healthy too.

6. Work hard in vacations. You will fail in first periodic.

7. I saw her. She was getting into the taxi.

8. Wait here. I come back.

9. I know the place. You keep the books.

10. Neelima is intelligent. Yogita is dull.

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MIXED PRACTICE BAG – 5

ALTHOUGH WHICH BECAUSE UNLESS AS SON AS
NEITHER...NOR WHERE AS AND THAT

1. He won the race. He fell down at the start.

2. It is a very nice watch. It was given to me by uncle.

3. I put it somewhere. I do not remember the place.

4. I cannot give you my book. You will not pass.

5. I reached the station. The train steamed off.

6. He ran fast. He could not win the prize.

7. He did not work hard. He has failed.

8. He did not come to me. He did not write a letter.

9. God made the country. Man made the town.

10. Return me the book. I gave you yesterday.

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