Introduction

Jiu- Jitsu or Jujutsu is a martial art and a sport developed in Japan. First, we need to know what
Jiu-Jitsu means, with the Ju in Jujutsu meaning gentle or flexible and jutsu meaning art Jujutsu means
“Gentle Art”. There are different types of Jiu-Jitsu that are competed as a sport. This is because this
martial art is composed of grappling, holds, throws, and immobilizing holds to subdue foes. One type of
this sport that is competed in is the JJIF rules sport which is organized by the Jiu-Jitsu International
Federation and is also recognized and competed in the World Games. In this research, we will figure out
the history, the types, common moves, and the rules of Jiu-Jitsu.

History

Jiu-jitsu originated in Japan and was mostly used by samurais in complement to their use of
katanas. But after the decline of Jiu-Jitsu after the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877, with the goal of
establishing the Japanese colony in Para, Brazil, and accepting challenge matches across the globe with
his Judo or also called Kano Jiu-Jitsu, and this is when Jiu-Jitsu arrived in Brazil Mitsuyo Maeda founded
his first Judo academy in Brazil in 1921 and this event founded the world known martial art BJJ or
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. BJJ founded its way to the US in 1972 with the help of Carley Gracie that taught the
first BJJ classes in America this led to the martial arts gaining popularity once again. Following up on this
once again rise in popularity Jiu-Jitsu became an official sport in the following year 1973 of June.

Types/Variations of Jiu-Jitsu

There are 3 variants of Jiu-Jitsu these are Duo, Fighting system, and Japanese/Ne Waza. The Duo
System of Jiu-Jitsu is a disciplined presentation of techniques by a pair of jutsukas or Jiu-Jitsu athletes
from the same team, they demonstrate different possible self-defense for a series of 12 attacks that are
randomly called by the mat referee. Some scenarios may be strangulation, an opponent with a weapon
or a knife (armed attack), and hit attack. Five judges score the move by the criteria of powerful attack,
biomechanical principles, control, effectiveness, attitude, speed, and variability. The scores given are
from 0 to 10.

Fighting System is articulated in a three-minute combat between opposing teams. There are 14
categories in all that are classified by weight and sex of the athletes. According to Jiu-Jitsu International
Federation, the categories for Fighting System are “Male categories: -56kg, -62 kg, -69kg, -77kg, -85kg, -
94kg, +94kg; Female categories -45kg; -48kg; -52kg; -57kg; -63kg; -70kg; +70kg”. Going into combat
when observed it is separated into three parts, first are controlled attacks to the arms and legs and
distancing themselves when a grab has been into play hitting is not allowed and is moved on to part 2
where clean and effective techniques are judged and given points to this is also where jutsukas use
various throwing moves and in part 3 when the opponent is on the mat the other justuka will attempt to
grapple here points can be accumulated by immobilization techniques. The one with the most points
accumulated wins or if a justuka who is competing did a perfect move on all three parts this is called
winning by ippon.

The last variant of Jiu-Jitsu is Ne-Waza this is an associated discipline competition where in order
to win the jutsukas need to lock the joint of their opponents, strangle them, or by points. This was
introduced to the official JJIF competition program in 2010, there are two categories (-85kg for men and
-70kg for women) when it was established in the 2013 World Games. In order to win in six minutes
submissions by locking joints, strangulations, and points are the deciding factor. To gain points a jutsuka
can go for controlling positions, actions that will give one an advantage in the fight, throws, and
takedowns. At the current time, the categories were increased and now are held in 14 weight divisions
for the male we have -56kg, -62 kg, -69kg, -77kg, -85kg, -94kg, +94kg, and for the female division we
have -45kg; -48kg; -52kg; -57kg; -63kg; -70kg; +70kg.

References

https://www.topendsports.com/sport/list/jujutsu.htm

https://www.britannica.com/sports/jujitsu

https://www.elite-mma.com/tracing-the-origin-and-history-of-brazilian-jiu-jitsu#:~:text=Jiu%20Jitsu
%20first%20originated%20in,with%20the%20help%20of%20Maeda.

https://sjjif.com/publicPages/pages?pagesType=history_of_sport_jiu_jitsu#:~:text=In%20June
%201973%2C%20Jiu%20Jitsu,Athletic%20Association%20Bank%20of%20Brazil.

https://jjif.sport/duo-system/#:~:text=The%20Duo%20System%20is%20a,punch%20or%20kick)%20and
%20armed

https://jjif.sport/fighting-system/

https://jjif.sport/jiu-jitsu/#:~:text=The%20goal%20is%20to%20win,the%20progression%20of%20the
%20fight.