Swarnim Gujarat Sports University

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Meeta R Vyas SUBJECT: Judo

SUBMITTED BY: Adesh Srivastava BATCH: MPEd Integrated
Introduction to Judo

 In Japan 1882 Judo was developed by Jigoro Kano, it was originally designed to help
people who are physically weak to overcome those who were much stronger. That was
the starting point for this great sport. Judo has evolved considerably from its roots in the
Tokyo Kodokan to reach the Olympic Games as an official sport.
 Since then judo – which translates as “gentle way” – has spread from its Japanese
origins to become of the most popular martial arts around the globe, with even Vladimir
Putin being a keen practitioner
 Similarly to other martial arts, Judo is sub-divided into weight categories as well as being
differentiated by gender and grade. Each gender is divided into seven weight categories,
with men’s weight categories starting at under 60 kg then 60 – 66, 66 – 73, 73 – 81, 81 –
90, 90 – 100 and over 100 kg. Women’s weight categories are under 48 kg, 48 – 52, 52
– 57, 57 – 63, 63 – 70, 70 – 78 and over 78 kg.
Judo waza (techniques)

 There are three basic categories of waza ( 技 , techniques) in judo: nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing
techniques), katamewaza ( 固技 , grappling techniques) and atemi-waza ( 当て身技 , striking
techniques).]Judo is mostly known for nagewaza and katame-waza.
 Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to ukemi ( 受け身 , break-
falls), in order that nagewaza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct
types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi ( 後ろ受身 , rear breakfalls); yoko ukemi ( 横受け身 ,
side breakfalls); mae ukemi ( 前受け身 , front breakfalls); and zenpo kaiten ukemi ( 前方回転受身 ,
rolling breakfalls)[30]
 The person who performs a Waza is known as tori ( 取り , literally "taker") and the person to whom
it is performed is known as uke ( 受け , "receiver").
Players & Equipment

 Judo is competed on a mat – or tatami – measuring 14m x 14m, with a smaller 10m x
10m contest area marked within.
 Judokas must each wear a gi (traditional uniform originating from the kimono and other
Japanese garments). The gi must be durable enough not to easily rip and the arms and
legs must be no more than 5cm above the wrists and ankles respectively when the limbs
are extended. A belt must be worn which is wrapped around the jacket and tied with the
traditional knot.
 Scoring

 There are three types of score an athletes can achieve in a judo bout.
1. Ippon is the best in that it results in immediate victory and can be achieved by throwing an opponent
in such a way as to make then land on their back. Alternative methods of scoring ippon include
trapping an opponent in an armhold or stranglehold to the extent that it forces them to submit or
immobilizing an opponent on the floor for at least 25 seconds.
2. The next best score is a waza-ari, which is a half point in that the award of two waza-ari in a bout is
the same as ippon, and hence the winner is declared. Waza-ari is awarded for lesser throws than
those scoring ippon, and for immobilizing the opponent for less than the time required to score ippon.
3. The third, and holding least weight, is yuko. These are awarded for short immobilizing holds and
some less effective throws or locks. One score of waza-ari outscores any number of yuko, while even
if an athlete has one score of waza-ari and many of yuko, one score of ippon by the other athlete
would supersede them all.
Scoring

 There are two types of penalties awarded in judo

1. Shido – for minor rule infringements
Shido penalties are awarded for stalling tactics, prolonged periods of non-aggression,
with the first penalty being a warning, the second giving a score of yuko to the
opponent, the third a waza-ari and the fourth, ippon – hence the match.
2. Hansoku – for major rule breaches, or for the accumulation of four shidos.
An award of hansoku make to an athlete automatically gives the match to the opponent,
and – if for a major rules infringement rather than for four shidos – also results in
expulsion from the tournament itself.
Winning the Match

 Athletes, or judokas, win a match by either achieving ippon, gaining two scores of waza-
ari (and hence ippon) or having accumulated more points than the opponent by the end
of a bout. If the scores are identical at the end of a bout, a period of Golden Score
ensues. In this overtime period, the first score of any kind wins an athlete the match. If
the scores are still level at the end of this period the result is decided by Hantei, that is
the majority decision of the referee and the two corner judges.
Nage-waza (throwing techniques)

 Nage-waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke, usually with
the aim of placing uke on his back. Each technique has three distinct stages:
 Kuzushi ( 崩し ): the opponent becoming off balanced;
 Tsukuri ( 作り ): turning in and fitting into the throw;
 Kake ( 掛け ): execution and completion of the throw
 Nage-waza (throwing techniques)

 O-goshi (large hip throw)

A hip technique throw. Break your opponent’s balance to his
front or right front corner, enter deeply with your right hip to
float him up, and twist to throw him over it.

 Osotogari:
This technique is to break your opponent’s balance toward his
rear corner so that he is forced to balance his weight on the heel
of his right or left foot, and is to parry off his weighed leg from
right behind.
 Nage-waza (throwing techniques)

 Ippon seoi nage:

Ippon seoi nage begins with one judo player (tori) breaking another's (uke 's) balance in the forward direction. With one hand holding uke's arm, tori steps forward and turns inward. Tori then passes
their arm up under uke's and clamps it. Tori lifts uke off of the ground and throws in the forward direction.