CLEAN WATER SERVICE POLICY

Water is a basic need for humans and other living things. Water is found almost everywhere
in the world but its quantity and quality depend on time and place. In the beginning, humans
could use water directly from the source, namely the gathering place for water. In later
developments, humans felt that the quality and quantity of water at the source was considered
insufficient. From the aspect of quantity, the development of population and the increase in
the quality of human life has increased the demand for water quantity exponentially.

With the re-enactment of Law no. 11 of 1974 concerning Irrigation, in accordance with the
legal opinion given by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, the implementing regulations
of the Law were re-enforced. Regarding the re-enactment of the Irrigation Law and its
implementing regulations, the ongoing implementation of water resources management has
no legal basis anymore. Apart from not having a legal basis anymore, some of the
nomenclature and technical substances used in the Water Resources Law and its
implementing regulations are no longer in accordance with the current conditions.

reason

1. Clean Water Supply Management

Hydrologically, the amount of water available is fixed, so if there is a shortage or excess of

water, this is due to wrong water management.

2. Water leakage, both technically and administratively, is still high.

3. Water rates

where the needs of each region are different so that the rate per cubic meter is also different.
Thus it is necessary to determine the coefficient for each region according to the UMR and
others to determine the rates.

4. The level of proper sanitation and drinking water services is still low.

This is mainly due to the limited funding capacity for the development of drinking water and
sanitation and the not yet optimal management of facilities and infrastructure that have been
built.

5. The rate of provision of drinking water and sanitation infrastructure has not kept pace with
the rate of population growth.

6. There is still a high number of families without sanitation facilities and access to safe
drinking water for the community
7. The community's knowledge of sanitation and drinking water and its impact on people's
welfare is still low.

8. Community behavior does not yet support clean and healthy living behaviors. As well as
the limited economic capacity of the community. Thus causing the community to be unable
to build sanitation facilities and do not get access to adequate safe drinking water.

UNESCO (2006) dan UNDP (2004) menyatakan bahwa krisis air global tidak hanya
disebabkan oleh suplai air yang berkurang, tetapi juga kegagalan pengelolaan air oleh
pemerintah. Sebenarnya, suplai air cukup untuk setiap orang, tetapi pengelolaan air
belum mampu memastikan distribusi yang berkelanjutan. Menurut Castro (2007),
pengelolaan air melibatkan interaksi antar-pemerintah, korporasi, partai politik,
organisasi sipil dan organisasi lain yang mewakili kepentingan sektoral, agensi
internasional, lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan pihak berwenang lainnya. Aktor-
aktor tersebut terlibat untuk memutuskan bagaimana sebaiknya penyediaan air dan
jasa yang berkaitan tentang air dikelola oleh pemerintah. Dalam skala lain, pemerintah
juga harus menyentuh persoalan politik mikro dan makro yang pada akhirnya akan
membentuk tingkat urgensi isu. Dengan demikian, kita dapat mengamati apakah air
dikelola dengan adil atau tidak adil dengan melihat dua aspek: (1) keterlibatan banyak
aktor dalam kontestasi politik di belakang penyediaan air, serta (2) bagaimana setiap
aktor diuntungkan dengan adanya konstruksi dan bingkai isu krisis air.

UNESCO (2006) and UNDP (2004) stated that the global water crisis is not only caused by
reduced water supply, but also the failure of water management by the government. Actually,
the supply of water is sufficient for everyone, but water management has not been able to
ensure a sustainable distribution. According to Castro (2007), water management involves
interactions between governments, corporations, political parties, civil organizations and
other organizations representing sectoral interests, international agencies, non-governmental
organizations and other authorities.

These actors are involved in deciding how best to manage water supply and water-related
services by the government. On another scale, the government must also touch on micro and
macro political issues (Commission on Growth and Development, 2010) which will
eventually form the level of urgency of the issue. Thus, we can observe whether water is
managed fairly or unfairly by looking at two aspects: (1) the involvement of many actors in
the political contestation behind water supply, and (2) how each actor benefits from the
construction and framing of the water crisis issue.
Actor-actor

 Bappeda

plays a role in preparing planning documents related to sanitation development, as well as

ensuring budget allocations for existing plans

 public health Office

plays a role in the success of the Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) program, its
role is not physical, but how to change people's behavior so that with their independence
they can change to become cleaner so that in relation to the provision of clean water

 The Department of Housing, Settlements and Land Affairs plays a role

in the physical development of clean water supply

 environmental services

plays a role in monitoring and supervising groundwater and surface water pollution from
domestic wastewater.

Actor-actor

 Community and Village Empowerment Service

plays a role in fostering the community so that they can be empowered independently and
carry out clean water management behavior properly.

 Village government

plays a role in providing assistance in the water sector by finding springs that are suitable for
consumption

 Community Self-Help Groups (KSM)

its existence is very important in the development of sanitation and clean water, both in
preparing the community before the implementation of development and the sustainability of
the program after post-development.

Alternative Policy

● Presidential Decree No. 123 of 2001, December 5, 2001 concerning the formation of a
Water Resources Management Coordination Team chaired by the Minister of
Economic Affairs with the Daily Chairperson of the Minister of KIMPRASWIL. The
task of the Coordination Team is to formulate a national policy on Water Resources
and various other policy tools needed in the field of Water Resources.
● Decree of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy No. Kep. 15/M.Ekon/12/2001
dated December 10, 2001 concerning the Establishment of the Secretariat of the
Water Resources Management Coordination Team consisting of a Steering
 Committee, Implementation Team and Working Team. The Secretariat of the Water
Resources Management Coordination Team is tasked with assisting the
implementation of the tasks and functions of the Water Resources Management
Coordinating Team based on the directions of the national Water Resources policy.

Alternative Policy

● the structural strategy carried out by the government in maintaining national water
security is that there are four draft government regulations originating from the Job
Creation Law and Law Number 17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources regarding the
supply of drinking water, water resources, management of water resources, and
irrigation.
● The government also formed a National Water Resources Council through
Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2017. The National Water Resources Council is
a coordinating body for water resources management at the national level whose task
is to provide advice and consideration to the President in establishing national policies
for managing water resources, as well as coordinating making and implementing
national policies in the field of water resources management.