VOC e VOC SS ESSE GIT HIFHSHHHSOHECOBOD LA The Social Structure of the Early Christian Communities + DIMITRIS J, KYRTATAS arecroveca wan1 ‘The Oppressed Class Theory mers inthe scl origins of he east Chrisians an tei posible eo crt Chrsan decries was being eres 2 ty Mee cca centr by Earl Gon. Te ‘community of ERE porcd mr Asm ogc wih» ew sateen pent Sees tet ito te comton ® & E eae estan mewn inte, ene) To remowe the impuatin of aan og scary whch ae See so arog cast ox the Sst ‘res of Canam A caty me, when ough ie work of Fe te Renn, he hy of ery Cs bd eae SESE Sep anton, he stot was Bing werd as 2 ater of sre Tage A hs, Css were poe and sett ae thc chrch sje pepe of Can and wea abt var or exurely cee, bowenrs was bom hme ech 86 PaMeta oeninl itee at e oe CH He EEE Sd nthe ftps f Act ord its ong 8 Cai were rected by ns Recast forthe ft te emis of the ‘Grnstun ce When Enel podied fs poplraton ofthe wrk the Gemon Pracsont ht col be fvared the ond he hve The hay of ty Cisne auc Rad ec pts [Trocntane oa the moder woke movement” AS we ae tion ihe nmecton an opis oncaon wat we Tee ‘inde year ser st appearance Christy wan he recite ‘pon he oman Word Emp ania barca yen som {Stak pen ch ake cn ty cera iste Sndeand why Mars red he steno 0 cay Chrotansy,scrpng te oppresetce” ory advent by Enis As Kass odesond only too wel Engels wanted to pint txts ironic tad donctl ase the prog a00 sae ‘Set wich te nd owed nce 10 te ose of {Seren ioe army, ot twoald om best ra een he ‘oat power ancrato el”On th cv of he Oca Rewlton ‘es cpar t caa nemetfrie Chiiy tS denorrae reautmry spe Onee gun Prive Chana ‘es Crestaney salt wes pre he sat of faa ego 1 Imereing to ter bower tat the It intent sentry the “pment char ory war ceed by umes bal cols who one thing br Mave Th evcce cours by Cabo had ‘rout cotromet toh vow, bt tse hove af at can trad oe Cope ecemay pone towards he oped et (crsta Ss peat nl fore who aimed at eevg the wet ‘SiS to de erat conton a wich they were ngayon {he Goel wer radar a popemne for soa form Rang he ‘Shacentcomry trate tthe jer Harsch sted that or eats ant pam hve tec itn den wth he Gospel in ‘Siteue'S Haan tml seca tvs be agree ‘a were wit ry be wool wih thon who ae making eat enw tee te tard tof the pats Proce em. beter ‘Sections ttt in ener, ek te Cope ana onnig 3 ‘Smeaty smeeg nen cr vc ts bomen Mc oo and ar deep itmannecd'* testing stra of cry Cristy, Harack Sabo’ s silat Prost, and spe of the fat that hs rn ‘ting of he Gongs eed redo wo soc popamme, be tise of se oem ech vee cing any og fo ‘lamar wioges Pott, he dead, us be umes fine and foremona, by the cota whach tof to Cubs, and te ares Smt crecina wich any eit oman ake, it The Oppressed las Theory 23 fe kemation and seconily 2 Revaaion was a reformation in SLO TNE ct af svat; revolt io repr the Cich, ‘Fray, an apy Bebe the evolutions charac of SN Canny siengened the cae of Prowstnts apie! Cato aA can be sen, Protestants and Mares wee, for gute Seer cen, to siniar views about erly Chistian. But See oncoding hee ror | would abo ke o make it mention ‘Tred group of people whos cause eas eaing the 1 3 the Speccoat anes a4 the poncpal spares of the ay Cirstin Siem "Tite Ene developed hie “opres ae theory fey Ck sats beta couse, spiog ow a wry rade pte of Roman S50, "Fang tne vc of so mst atria, he eH he ‘ietion of he Rowan wa Bangsar dd mo Oe tea together oo the met aegis 0 SE prop tang ot ow contd ves TEitvccs et wares or boat ton proper te iho PRG Cee ean muey h s"nthe rovies iy 0n EOS Sal by themes = ad aly the gest mas the ave* Each Cire, conmoqraly was omc th ep of see i amayr es per ae emda ol op sow dupe by Rome * Err nh same enarySotbt EF ibeiy at coming at Cnty oh he ee "a de ances worl "At tne whe the recon 1 ‘Rae srry wa making stations a te te in Eure see tase aay wth eee of act saver ®t hel SCTLETISMIy depen On te ene hand, hte wee the mo TRcyead a show sat Christianity ha conti othe dc of Bomar, nthe oy, re eve ws nt arp fo he ‘anc ei 147 wean Walon roel x no Wor ‘Siang hich ws ghy favourable tw Cin, Mar ms de cy tat the soa pipes Of Chin Josie the vey of ‘Rony ope tweaker he ew that Cray Ba append cney became ey popular mong colar Even EC: ‘cay Chrsinnys waviness to advocate a getera aolion of ‘Srv felt compet in 1653 argue it, ‘ac yet we cant td at he sion of dey ie of SCTATtanc por apf Ch fs was not tes canny expend thought that prem, The ‘et teeae dominant war tat of asl Allard, who ied‘tthe craton of ver. It woul be sro mistake, [Secret to been tat tiwery a histor pheoomenoe cold be ‘cama we ey bmw more about the mbes of les a 0 root saver in oct to cabs is elation oo type inunee auija” and o determane cotaion to economic "Tie mer enanee of esa a ren society sho na [Sts imply tht in it parla soccty thee cass 8 de of froducton breed oe se bour.* Unfortunate, te incon (een day a 2 frm of econ and as a ve em Str Ming roducton stv Arstole'sfftential moa argument. ‘Rims talon, comm to wich "any naman teing who Oy ‘Mire blogs nt 1 ham Bt to seth by natre a ave, 8 {lon 4a dead ene or posophl netigto. The probit ‘Siritctnr dovery bret ae Arto beloved, cr coat 1 fate, a some Of his comemporacs clined, based on te tapy of the concept acre (ad arral) an the even eater pty ofthe coupe so which Arse coors ot of the 2smapas at argue tha ee (he te Sul that the mata (oir and we nun sject are we found A diferent tendency cunning om set drive frm Hepes oe ‘dd ein raters sd sver be demonstrated by employing BS SEARS Rao the pect tansoraation f ths typeof subjection ‘Aeay Suntan ence the elt character of he coeep ata ‘Mivy 2 Sven eed Ween" the Gress amd Romans ba 0 Jeo wo the Nos snoitefecdom "Savery and (ray Ye thertve inthe oy of ators neces) sage and Benet ‘lates Te they of stapes wa syste by Marx td (he Marte wy making tom conngent on peda, developed The ba fr tre pein. cin he git of ths that vey Lipoic ode of proscon tobe dsigaied fom Savery 2 Wom of man anjetion: te ter may only be found ew hatoral sets, the ler tay be found im vwaly ny “Te is ao aed 40 css here the notion of slave made of production ad the pot o it aplletion sn atu. For preset Purpose it adegune to repeat Arse’ obseraton, according © ie er mt te tent ‘tthe employment of aves i production ‘Scar Maen werent jst eed oa nal our; they wee ao Rel by employing ovensers (fen sete among ses) 10 “eve Thenwchesto ecto piasopey *Siverydomonsatedte, nt nesdotl entre any Dat nero baked othe sats ree inns In clad Aten were fecdom sbived highest fm, ‘Every dep oe tse oom, rsoming cata slavery As a spe of human fitry, very has ts ori oii. Sino ‘Aol the lation tetweon saver and war hasbeen wel own abd ‘camoniy seepted. Hitorans bie propel he flowing cx ‘crcl ett ene cr os ee itp ese of. move of prt) Though ma nd ome te Visor aque et fran wich vested tnd comping Sal landowners fe petans =o thee property axes OW ing and gr the sory foun cheap fo toy ware thes os agua ses ntend of aang tee workers the need fo ‘Eyes consqocty edo fut war (nv bunt): and 9 on” Ale ntl, he eal sequence canbe tet he demand fr saes— nly har aged ~ preceded the sop. "The Romans eaptred many feo of omande of men, women aod crea dang he Han and usc wrs snc te deoan oes nd ese nh th a eg conons roe forthe wanda, Sa ca ny peas atthe pte own i,» en a sonmaiy pose; snd wv Sia ut ta = ee) Paley hs Bo hal De Sr ed oat asformai of 9 a ese The Yat een m2 ino Se icc mit i tose oaks opt Pe ee ena wich py ess sane es psnenilton ar ania Se demands ale ox compe eno seach fr a ten fn oe rena fhe eg oa Sti nes ec oh le fa eb Roman empe, we sett aa Sa oun esr chnged. The wont of rk 1 rh snr in moncuno, C Tene tt tin oo == ‘othe towns and provinces. The ey df he at cet BC he Fo ee mad by exami, Aik CoE SRS APs woman depict as demanding teers of re pcr he ses ene” the stad is "Yo8 Si als, IEE iy co be to ong when «man's tae heat i ene folowing ep“ 2 sas a man 0, He OR Se ape oy 4 ean wo hots ens =n EE Si nore a of which had probebly pec y then,Soe sccsssssceseses See eseesesscecese ut the same expeson can be wed 1 indicate «form of dependent ‘tour wc cated ant everywhere ad wasn practice comer ‘Sher deecboodae "A tie sdanage 1 the appation ofthe eal etegny ‘ve’ in sesh analy tht oocels some of the ile Teen pes of sve. Awe shal ace ie conicing conversions of ‘ives to Cristy, nara eat dernce wheter hey belonged to te ert othe ral fie. (Sach dsonctos, regret Be ‘Coded tobe ogctod nthe mort of oven charch historians) The ancl ant Iring sandare of sban aves ay afer costa they depend aot oly on the sver_owe oupabows ot on tet ‘mater nyo we Even within ove bowl te can wean © (robles compete bythe ft Ut 90 sage dfn of ‘Sar has boon genral sceped- Webrians conser fancon i the ‘cake a cna, ut ves, rule, i ot fncion in the markt (mir own: ot Mars potion in be elmons of production bas end by Heoloped bomopneiy, farce plial ssn Recent ‘avincgy fat chr dat coscounes ao pal aly it ‘See sr cements oxemnry to Mars coneption of acl anes {Gt ten dtd se relatos of expan ~ adn heme ‘veo augaty were coud ome ofthe cases mot ely ie ise Fee present pars however ~ wheter the dene Po Ise talent diferent poup of ave seperately. For at a of ‘hem a hese neces oe els tees ad paces of hie This bigs 8 10 the ction wheter snes ie atguiy fd et i a oe ig We se, Me it omer tre the rarer of «dint ype of cin” This iw apa ‘tym by one of the fewer of formation onthe sgt (Gren by to ancuat wre Tastor roponr tat 2 Seater once ‘exchimed: “nowadays oar huge oaehal ar inteuational They SEMI cry alc ripon = cx ane a a™ I oni be tht sme ‘Set fnad ence in elgonwhstocrer:bt the tateent may also ‘SASS Ter tnowe stale of Romina wo, 2 are ‘Sed eye Custne she Romans B68 signs they dsp ced napciions I's mach afer tome Weber eral: Saves Sz in qo we nyse ta aes cher retainer radi TEs (opel te they poco bere theca) or (Re wee coed to new reign long with te ouchols to which ‘25; Peboge There neve hat ry ever developed ay el ‘pow of tor own. 5 Chistian Atitedes to Slavery “The ety Christians never developed a atid tarts avery whic TESTS Sie opposed toe nian vw ofthe psn wh This Wipe ts soni fave been cet eoouph to colar texan with ‘Cillian teat. aston, eer since te ent ieteeth ce, the (Geen tes provoked lengthy docsion ad great confuion. There Sei ces test reno forts conf, In he it place, SES; hone toc concer prt of the more several question ‘St poner, scorlngy, almaging cre or wows orans and others ‘cited ter way to the dncsson- Burin pte oftheir nanes ‘Shey an avery are two compeely dint socal phenomena. A Fees at of lp procere eset dives in wa at id ota a a retest thar mses ess nthe “ne Roman ‘Scala comoin ser ni seve ayy but pa 0 had et ropes fowl afvneemet han ary ene ee Soa the Chen pone of anverst quay te ee =f as ee haeond ae an mpi el ee be abolition aac. Sa a 80 nec the ct tars only c sight ol God arate ere coe ‘Sees The dearation fund nthe Epstothe Gata 2h tit ban queda te cotent "Tete 90 sh ing ow 2nd Greck sve and ean fo jou ae ll one pon n Cs es ‘i dsaion a ci l eaane cal ow ‘icon men and women; for he same age an sp ta er 90 ‘och hig ae ad female: Thee rally td, much moe “hae sme poe he esse Chat si {Grist he moray of ndvdet bad to be hanged lore soa efor cou be achive early Csi, eee, ocd ate ‘in 09 moray ater tha on se eo, Ts aia east cepts {fat teal Chstaty bad ting o 5 aout very bt ‘ster svereaions Aca, vendita lef nines toemany Fatt ves andth seme sal wae no he ee) heaton {very as such mld remain safest. Moray pete nds ‘ould alvay es and wih them the bonds ast soe dates. ll Tee atonpe to ducer an caetal company betwee avery nd Chriaanigy were proce of the inecentyceaary aba Tonit movement; and they may have elpa to promote fe Bat by ‘Sckingohstse jaticaton i aay they ave row coi ‘age! dumiated te adequately nour sour. Cram) ~ve ini cate form — though expesaing concer forthe poor, weve ned te tao avery mck “Te dine af severy in ft, had ite odo wih either Chistian or ‘Stick inthe i decade of the etch seney the Meat ‘Gees ezine the economic crewmanacs which bowpht an end ‘he nto faery. In the ms mente comary Mare Hoch dem ‘onstrated tat twas ot wl he age of Charemage that very ip [eed fom mont area More recta, Fnley and te. Cr ae ie {town scot fhe devine of atet davey tn spac of erences cher an iw siglo sg ators, Tis ibe toned ha abtoaain vss avert ew Crt)’ eae eat Chany nese med my cea aaron Beh lt of ney had to ee a aube fa on ‘ey Cran oar soc Casini ‘GAR Reter acre me fa ok hack a the prealing HEM sa slvey tebe Graeco-Roman wok Atze was te tet apcen author we know o ve folate state ews on ver te ou aay ave bee he ‘rete a enn id ONDE tee eh ese cn toe sve was postin Te ate bt not ener aeceptd in Ass, fr ep Forse are ep oy ry The pe is elo aor saver ce roa titan fy ‘elt Ring aes seldom rl hy force oe; cusing uals, ‘eek cung ery, st be expe asin vomne way nal Ar Shelia epunents Bower ete intends, ty ve, (0 Se erect oe choad menor he sein Bee ater tanto pein tes ofthe use of ti te. What ‘Sem tome wo have Lep ny es (epi Gomes ves) ‘Sition Gest far, whch st ale ane remained the prin MaRS ease praia ppchology nich eden f entity heir sa trots watts fc ste The woe arte 1 Meer in he wap ps sch ar Mat’ ck mie’ (Agariernon ‘hou hm met sve sf ber omer the tow Rs Ber (Med 35) se pte mento of see "Acs Acc te theory -ttralvey as 20fa a 1kOW, cer apt sey sdvocted. la he Helens ood Roman wor SS itn wren Crs a uray on ih he of “saat auvery depended, ot mach fs ac. Once gs he i (ERcRos tar Nave sense for sdavery bse peas, sistent, Ont the hand, hgh exponent ch {S'Stnce, Sc pote at at men were eal pei thee ‘Sakon te of dey owe are tore uncial, we die ea Senect ‘Tote Seneca prot opis te inhusnan Behavior of sme Save, TEeSa, Set i eminded asc of the power fortune a or all’ , , , ’ ’ ’ » ’ » ’ . . > > ° ° . ° . * ° ° * e ° a. ’ * > ‘avery and freedom, all men were in realty equal: How son recite he pen youll your stern gn ck Jurca berespes cn nn tLe er yontrawn ae Seucca was cbioady airing hielo skve-ownee: when be ‘ho reed th il war Chr’ ae (1 C722) oes te were isechnrtie ot Pls nin ae tee ot frtae (or Fee) tha bel epoca fo 4 a's postion bat ‘God hinbat nan cp wich i oo aus ony, ety Deg Eo om sir em tne ee ‘moni: Saves cy your ely nates with ead wemBng ‘Snpemindody, or serving Ct (Eph 6:3), Formule sch a ‘amc Ge a snot Chen wings Another Rew Tear ‘meat epi gos ito farther deni “Saves, sce the auoty of You masters wi al cabin ok Oo whet ey are Kad ad ‘nse ba rea when ty ae pervea (1 Peter 218) eae wou mac at Go te a a ‘emer po th ast ene Maver ere (Eh 63) wre Maver a bene” (Eph 69) ‘Belial Csi pecs me ep ee fom te Ramon corch cho Cte Te roe nto seth ek aero (ha er y of Spa vin, cle ‘ich i echng): mers wee ny sh Nee ea py when ing ord. save wl ses mere a ey ‘tou ey thee masters ith rete nea he epee 1, Gat (Dice) anh eae er ae ‘gin (The Epi of Baar 19) Ws Ger tae ea ge (Csiian seth startet copying om 0 moter and om hi sabes {ei they bed eto change he conination f ths dition can treed ong the flowing cetes (we fr example The Apostolic (Consors 412,713). "From wat me fave sen we may ine tat Csisanity inden wo ferher Une Seca ence ba ale fort mde Weximet of SERS Chet cal snes to voluntary eubision ~ ven 1 ‘tte ate {cher Eres and Cavin nprted Paine ys 1 Cox hans (7:21) ora avin aes to aoe te redo they wee er pce he chance ut mnt scolar tds aco the very OPP ‘Seto "you may bosom ee rain ater slave Stor We ‘Se Dice wih ery Crsian stds to der, it pastculaly ‘Eitan ths stad iterpctation war the obe aces tpn ely Chrch Fathers tnd sbowe al Joba Chto, who was os the ect With sich overwhelming spor fr he ew ‘Sit Paa nd te cay Chitan preaches called dives to remain i (hese of erate, een iene chance wo Bee, thre shoul Ae bec no nod for further dacasson.T myself ve rebeaed the [SSs, chic ture teen wel resented by Mannie Gog oly Dems SEaoy ea New Bap le (rt pubenson 1961 ns onthe ‘timex. “Esco inthcpiloeopbil version advanced bythe Alerandrian scl came oss oS nse eect wich deserves te ee“Toae sopstated works of Clement of Aerandrs i the Be athconucy is clnmed atin the mors Seneca, thats a 8.0% emma dave i he docs nat dsr he one. According Str ‘Sim ma becomes ve boas of is tad character accor 1 (hima became of hist ater, be pote saves"AS GASP Se cad ins woo ale Soman the Sx ews hase SSSI Tene vss the lover of plese and of he oa In matey work the Pandepgus (The luc), Clement, toogh ima tie Arcotian cn, dh pt sort te theory fanaa Sia Te cmuidred i preeae fom the Christan pst of view, Sieh Guero tne eto of th ies, adopt he nama of SEEASe oo ae tobe eae ie cures fr they ae haan SETAE ET ony te for Cnet the common haman oar isPee e seed sees eS SEE SEED VLU BU EEE BEDS Gosh hese ce an ban’ Da ike Seneca the ay, Gone hh sine cone adieu Reset hae sven betas om: he aaiomaets betwee ase ae S'S Cents ote Char" Onbe eh ems cna Chan hon tea sve shond Seep Saat fee mind tn coe ne bk eon eae Satya shoe Canin wa cet ceyrteetee a nent ae cens cy iin ata as btn ice ace Reeeeree Schiele ene re i i ay eno ay ae ae coo Sau pat cei rs ze Temoae scm enoe ts Fee nude a eae rcs Sofa tierce age Sil Suc caer oe nee ESL ora: Sonceed Seer ie tee SE Sas cacao naar ames See ren Spe iad tmeteecae Sieh cata oem een Spycam Seep et ae Soa nee Sy mecmme swegmeesneg ne problem of stave emancipation ” me Thee pean ute tra pt ne ae cr pete ra seine na gcse fag) on he cotton that se fad cae is chien ad tt he ‘etter wiih no oer man, Again 3 bebeve who fa 1 sone howd ier ary her if she wee Gee, of lee er ast sr “Geter if che were sve (enlesathcy seady hd Sure ont ‘aay. s Chrcuan woman fn consrtod with 4 uave was rected ‘Gechch se did no dns Ths tat eon wx prompees "= CGesnmys ctneriance of the Homan la 9a Subse ‘eodied under Cala, Buhop of ome fom AD 217 to 221. =i (Sowgh the cuss comtnry 10 he interns ofthe Chesia coma (Sa decided torte church shuld teat unos between Cssh over oun and saves ar they were a ropes marge ‘wok eipnated nthe wet, drow pn varius fens eos of which ‘rec of cern oni, dnte cot be Rae Svea eins belong Dike son und third cama, es fo te th an fourth The “Apmoke Consinions, among sib wesroctons repre che ‘attra on ser wih was found i the Apostle Tradtion. In Siena scctons, which may belogg tthe fourth ceetuy, the ‘Arosa: Consinconsexabished several ays during which Uaves BE be alowed tore Ls dye mee all Suurays 2d Sus. Holy: Week tnd the wok lier, Ascasion Diy, the. Pesess, Carinae Day, Eppa, the samerdys of the Aposts ad of ‘Segbc the ft erie Fi the fc that saves are fo be ested ‘Mii i thar suffered and rose apa We ma infer that 20 (tnem wee stl gam Ina document nwa the Apso Ca (nt afd othe Apso Cnstns, the edition of aes nto (Se cerey nt petied without thar mater coset. Two resens NC ge. inthe Bint pace, orion without the master’s consent toi reve thot who owecd thew snd, sch apace oud ‘Senso the stweson of fame Thr et ano cen wich me=_————— “pmoag the erases ws Hoss of Coto, famous rough he Arenas) ant tein Seu in te Comal of Nea, Te SSS eve tok for grunt at any Chnisins were ve re tome tie owner lage umber of saves a a0 Sree a these slaves mse fen pagans (hm cen me dot FCDESPIE to tec hima ta home. The sme Ononc dealt WT he meer of ver by thr masters In a manoesccaing te Joni ein (ce Exado 2:20-1) fd a penny of sven and {etter best ad maid pun wes croommanicated fx "Acts pout Ste Ci ar Gran tention toa poblen wich has ean poe over in sina by oer commento. Apart om Che ioretmentoncd Conon refering to he anges of Koay, nowbere ‘Gos cartnn erate cone the eles fave othe masts ‘Shee anu wee freaeny subjected to coral push Sel ort: hey wor fe th victims seal abe I ang, Shy the at dat no Chinn legave or mor document ever ‘Slane wo davery a the isan wich lod masters nto the Gave ‘Sop, to com ace f cru and > Tis compat a8 nye ovesatc. A stcbiogapbial et of he id ith entry tyr Chesin Pins of Pell piesa pce of wht ay masters ‘Cemches must hve fe shou te problem. I's wor gui fot ‘aome ents SSE SAI Nome in mt SETA Say SSC ena Lote es ay eee poy ak) aor tie Nowhere do ou ety Chri youre reler to his problem, hough thoy prin est et abot eer mares femal Dba. The eof slavery ws ted om the ais days of Chin, a ‘Reagan ehevr ti 0 Gol or Sous We readin a noe Seek et numb in he ae of od, ves shoo fein he face (Ser mastan in no ei wa, Chg wrote, tw render Cob sens at eat at owe Sn rr 1 iN Tanta innnaon of cain the ences BWR Sanne ad wee he beomi-nonk Antony (ecoding ST tangapher Adnan). Autny eared Christians to teas Hae eee fcr of God, br dd ne ied by ths a avason of the save ea ea pen ms Al ot Ss eae ny sn PRS Tan aby aeae tp int meee “The ies of seer, moron, was employed in Csi wings to Pe Sagi st mona genera, js the ratinkcal wen ‘er x mnie evens wo mega he execs of merous Ci Fen eee nth eat ct tall deal wth all manber of tan Citta dans ae reported o have i i pone Sing van maser re en eso Reo ee 9s Nw meno res were fe wed, somes unt te aaa err rere, ay emus fete prsectow of hie Chi TEPER: so we leon ow stn’ Second Apology (124), 005 Re focuwenes A document preserved by Eisen ins 9 i a, cerning theses of ears in Lyons ad Vien (AD TTS cmc ic wens t= nora Chests had pase ave. report ha “Tere wee tte etn se four mbes ad he re ee ES ty ae tig, we o> saga ly no wo Tye fos a One te ‘Atagnent of renacus ies the sae inforaton, ang he following ‘rponao: esi, hving oti 0p which wos mest he wish feJee owners Hye though was el soup sated tthe man a aw potonet bu tmx hve been sews problem fr Mino kad propery consent ns abandoned whethet Tae cecsy om real once, tw ay Scone ety chrch Rem fly count hve bee rans tage: Engels helt hat The tase a como gic we a found nthe cay sag the new tion ei sey tony he ac ie an 0 gos ta at fst Coca of soy shoal Tema me Sacre re wou he tees to oe 1 buy he pose Mote teers" mas Truc wen Soper mt he tot pedo as aan po iy 2am tha ing by pte etre "BY pots etre Trecch vs cheningthe eplaily fhe oben Thais bu Ieee ne stg ee fre. To pat nou ay, tllowng Heck tt oo ss commun "ing of te Lind eer xi" The peonmenoe ‘ahem a ot cote + wig or psig pase i he the pe Cs non Hs aot He hat nts Hcy” Tracie of common woecbip song the ety Chriss Terao catry papa tit Lace, wi i he Deak of Pegi, gs # we dep 2 Cha as te sng er ner, bin wes ce ens yA 77 ets me ‘oseor sein, He writes at heathens sate the Chriians "ke rasa Sve" nthe a th tee ek Oo pie Cheese (hh fesking ott of save pene a mines, at sort of pe ‘Seale The siusten fmsace cncanged ntl the ie of Counting: Choon 3 ofthe Camel of Anes (e. AD 31) Spemoned Chas rye ts saver’ confirming ht he "ey wee ke Origen developed so slow an opinion of slaves a8 6 the Chitin tescber doer no dacowre on the Die rato te unedcatd and ose thoy we sa above be ive! master teach the bow abate d= ‘hs alegd rive communion ofthe erty Crisis communi tho rant toe preset dicuson. lal often quoted pasage ‘Acs (29 epee in 32M), the ist Chats are epored ‘i it thi pesos nd drut hc wealth othe a nee, Tas Seon anderoed ae commune, sem aot py to of siney for tow could people with a0 propery poses sve ee poten however, far mame compat than might Ppa ‘Gers bon rere ncn a whee ake mar epg Thea facto a seas Seton * (The le of emimon Ome Coen! ung the wh of the Een) To judge Fos be SEeecate Othe teat il, seems unreasonable bel that ‘Eatcr ns ings prety ste dstaration, But to eal dec ie © mleadng” we actualy have to do wih pasing ema Sepated ice sn mach the same manner. Lake mus ave fou the. ‘Ske in bis turns, for he had o reson to vent ‘Stowe tos on tine, specally ice ts abandonment ‘ene soe Lid of explnsion, wich he does nat povie. therefore scept the stoy ofthe accovat, but ot que in th say mnt scholars do. In paat of fact,shas bve Bebeve sine th ‘Sretecsh cenry, when the subj arated mach atentio, ta ‘Sher the whl ids of commana tos or ates no moe ‘Sona psing poe inhe ie of tery community. Tas mania’ ee ht egret he ht iy a tes foe ae Sy No entender ay ene he Grek A rts sph antag ne sa Tre account & mote of Jess correct i creas poblns that pst cir to igure. For ifthe soy in Act represets a ely Teich wes ran superacd bw are wef explain = ft camny bee? (Fo make no meton of snd practices "be Cuportinns an oer Reet! poups) Rena tle Js mary west mere improson among teatbes, Katy thet ty oct be token erally, and many movers wre fo ere Lamy opiion we mas Fok at he ate: may.tie in an egalitarian sce; the members ofthe Qumran et belongs! to penton Hover socvcdbevcs |. ae crc sl ans” b. Chrtionity aad the Steves 7 ‘Asal numbes text, monty New Testamct tes, encourg the ” ew that Chrniy Renmei among ses Te fat at y {Say Cian toes wey a we sa above a a rie a 5s ‘Sete to seston he Garche scevast. Christy td 2 ‘pinion of women to, butt quite clear that hs comsitwed no mao =] (Eicce to ter concnon Since he maccefh camry mos cos 3 sme rl dn we ach ped (46) {Se thee i for past tat divs wee tomers in the cy = eas speaks aie fie nx ofa xsd een arapeemee Te he ef omnes csp 2 Th « og ofan again practice mn “Ter have of ee re ° ‘onsite Our inflaton cone he econ of Ie nace cory Wine Ramey ft opposed be domnt ° opie wh were cabling blo fhe aint of he exatlogesl ow, arpung at he fn covers wre anoog te educated dame rs Sn pt mo il cme nk {tame ten te te of Gos sa eat : fever scared he to quion the mua of very. Th okt. Toy ta cresting mer of toa among * ation, Haack pied ost, were volta fact ich she ees Hein Kec EAC Cra and WA. Macks oe qostoning I Frrcholoy of pope who ae expecting he endo te word. Beane the open cs ory wich view saves pial cont But 7 {Cis fen be obser emeng poe whe King nie ‘ae ioe! vw at omnes Bl Sl nd we el 1 7 iene sin: nd we fda se pal oe Vor ot # Cr erchstay srs mtn end ys at ‘Ses made oo ‘Ee wp Pot inthe ate cme ey, when scars would pa seahie yu ofthe commonly. * We shall core fave 1 #0 sje tthe ey "commana bloga 1 te pa Acong 8 iatempocay wines, det (robebly 1 bidop) of a Christian ‘Smmenty i Poot coivinced Me ok tt te geet” would ‘Gane within a year. Those who head im propberying that the day of {he Lod was eight 0 pray dy and mg inet “And ‘Sch apc were the betiren wkd ap by fer a ero tha thy seid hr ek ad Wb, oto he Sing of Ue property” ‘We cn ee at ths veacon was spontaneous, organ ad coh silva. Those people wet on spending their money for a2 tong 38 Insta ty fe for while on thing they Gon nd, we eat hal psd aod th exhatopalexpevtatons we ot flied "it mauoem mao a the now wen tek ote boy, whe ose who ad sold off his property in ase wee whiney oud ‘easing Thus cade the tory n Pots; the adr ry rested in ‘Acs nt psy tat told by Lacan la) et bv had beer sing and tas eplaie why gos wx The alge commun ‘inet casty Cristiane, wos orcesoaalVluntaycommunsm et Sonsumeon non ightoed people with no (semblance othe se Ttonaaed pacice ofthe Exenes Even he Essen afi did ok ‘Group the eos coc aga an Sexi we aie a any ren ol or methanol purposes Inve pred aves in ow catego: fara caves urbe sven awe ‘ines ad the saver of the ‘Gnreror The lst pow, which cal seal nd asa special ‘Spurcnc, sal min ns separate chapter. Savemies Woo, are ‘Sey wenable ie our Sources an present no major diicly. On the other hand, wie the iio Between ural and tan lve (Quoc onthe Romans Gtncn beter the fam sca ad te Jeri urbana) won oles valid athe a of pe and ich ous alin ober ancrt slot impossible to determine whether ave srs employed ss domestic ra ats Fin apical nd pastoral Tere iiny cae he hada mumber of dle tas. A good ramp ofthe ck ofan earcat inci between alan wb ‘Ever vn ina pmb eprted by LeRINT eats on a pur aera 178, ‘Ava woking dfation I have tet 3 ra aves onl those who LDSNUS/ ne day ote entre dy, out he elds and ad ec ve no petal contact wih thi masters ich sve asthe On (cena ete New Teaument parable T have ied ih wan Svcs tives hing in th mass! hones and wer hei cose sper To est of my knows, rl aves are nowhere topo to fave fcr convened to Christan tho or eid. The nly Che {Soe anen to have moked 3s ral saves ave toe, who were ‘Sneed to oso dring the perseatons. We ae od that thse {Seabees of he imperial hth found tobe Cisns daring the pprscamion of Valran (AD. 238) were tbe seat in cals as mupt Chsar xa (sme gh already have tec aves bat {he cenpt poly eer 10 ecdmen or estar persons, nce ‘dh ta the propery shoal be eoatsata). On the oer and, ‘Trepoed tint Christa landowrs te Rad pagan aves, and ‘onnctimes Jews, woking he eats Ti fc tt ea snc eno eto our sours shaving non eomered Chatty docs ot aces manta this eer ‘Cops sly Christan, a srl, had no mtr i eporig such Cnvcnnons tater the lining cons of acl sve — Sr estona by Chetan = whch jot our exp a 19 Sea ere cea es Me (ata ia ape of Sc Acros he te pesos Ati were scaly ‘Se meno tea hoy tn the lfian vineyard, where saves wer fen cate, ony overs (rere allowed oi fies thereto th eves vd and worked (ins miliary dacipine" From the tombstone of a ave trader we ‘cr tat nein eatury AD ih been ovimon practice oad [EN chained topo by the neck; chained saves ao depict frinangr and sige” At roughly the sane perio, Pay the Yomnes infos Hien tat at erin place, Deas cain stnes could not be eaployed there gp eye of an’ wast be ESE ine oe of emcee aves nas bwin recommended ese i etceptin®: and he resp of Vlesan menioacd stove cones ‘fat ypeurl sve te ile fhe hed cemary wee sl of tei Te inmuspcromnse fr Christy of Fal shes SE estes cds ao fortes common what has ead) bes ‘Spe ta vo congregations! elon sod a pet chance fc SH ms upe of ive Afer Consanuae that comerson == oe ‘vane by force ban Saves Let ws gow tum to the utan sliver: domestics, asa, exiled outer: Some of hem, Ive asomed, woul hve ben enpae 2 ‘nora or pst employment as wel but te cmon of ie nthe owt rt wr masters opened other fous of “a ther owner’ fay el. Bet we a Dot ‘gee th preg ving coaonsThowgh i practice es {Ga ve fais (he mall! comtberntan), the aes wee 90 der Raman Land col be Gssolved at any ine by the Imes’ dccion Cao, ais fed rbana ad esablisied #syers ‘pronto to ene forthe scalp fs saves: a eta, ‘more common tr sen, Ye, een inte tex Eamethe S00 {lndy tous whic em to have bombo exeatal to all congepiosl ‘Ripon suchas Chtnity were eting among ses" 'R tuber of New Testament eps, however, sigs a ome domestic dates tay hve bon comet a ab ely ape Pl 6 ftv sen above nde msl toboth masters and slaves te Fin Epi of Petr ges ace to uaves oe, Sina admonins are Fepeted ion nue of ober esl Christin ext But Wis ot 0 est (tut te saves memmnmed were Css, at i taped members of (he conteptions try oul fata wel ve been pagan aes of ‘Ghisuaebonchalie Me corte eieace speeded to support the ‘penne of tae Venn ae omit om the Greek txt a0 ae (pocealy consdered a Chinn itpolios; autbete Or 2,thy8 abe cece ea bessescecceseeesesseed i maybe tke to fle the conditions ety Chin ie. One mc sige runs ws flows: Setoo tee only shocmakers, others cobtiers, others labourers” ome “The decrigicn, cleat concerned wih ewan poplaon mar 0 ‘mento of ves, hough seems an appropriate cmt ia wich 1 Speak of theo if anys mumbor hd been wom. Two Sidr pasges cect in Albeoagora” Lea ad To's Ora ‘ie eet Save” Manns Fe, ih page wok f the ite second or easy tind entry, Ovi, conf the inp ‘Oca reports ets betwee» Corin ands papa; 3 One pat ‘he pagan acwses Citas of eng tow who prt trate hedge fe pope sn ‘Sear wow we say sta eS ope # stil psn comme ‘otis acoton the Chistian anor: “Tat most of wae ep poor mo eat x ret re id ‘mise yaya ned yy Te epted por ae evienty members f te ie popelaon once in, theo elec ose. ve "Too further docomcas fave sometimes been put forvad as vides tothe etary. Teta's Apology cosines page me {ine unentoo a ering to sve’ Actor to TORR, one of the rae Or whch Cabin cob becy wes fr ameee ‘buveics sci, which can be nated ‘os own OX Dk ‘hich can aso mean "ot people contd tote eA any ae ‘Tenullan dows nt even sy Bat these peopl ae Christan, merely Uh they were ake cre of hy Ct (ln Om tary. ean Bode cc Chan sown ag mnt the expen highly oval td, Ptapm, ost desl valu") Expat cea to the exec of aver amen the sly {logon writen aa AD Ib be prs flowing pore Some ego en Ie ges the folowing pct of me thet a hy the ae pp ae wy i ‘Gos, ey sw tat thy want aa tle wo coins oly the fh, mp eos en ea Dat ors ec, pane ag ayes ected aye wo same tchoncone ty teisto be cterved tht aves ae aot mentioned. Rerefoe looks if (Clo dodeon was ase on nwa to rect Crisis. ‘Asani mer of slaves i ein he arly Cision commons Ia {hee eo Tn ping oni region est te SIE emia Feo gene Aa Py ees 00 conn ges) ane Pa a TET PS) fe kr oe mye a “crv te cama se Sa a eo at ‘lm ba op and mare writes ht xe Cin es Aerts tee he ras spat in buying thee fom the Jor Fre Siete hse tres ae roped fo be allen eas teatpemcresons aeies repr ta anne the ma of PoSEIE tire ec even en ares tr es he oe cal one EASSE CS Uusranaray, he uence v0 pacar A 89 SEE cau money Zan be daw, Wn ses cera at SOON Seats apc mia ia the ery Chen St tiea mao were tae mt of xpos Sas ot aber rete “Tac ten cpl ugh Cote he vw tat City sc pray scl on he sve popu feng 0+ TEES Catia cvs of won some bog dts ae TieLe T anc scoring, tnt te ison oft een tt HOTELES tuo, fs amo out Ot mato a ses NOES Saves ha Chau mans Sch ae Ones, he re eninod by Pal ish pate Peon: ch wre "Shan po opts een wee weer aves a SURLESRE) Geaoncd ort Cents (211) sh te es TEESE tn ene to Papen, Bnd, be ne mareLume ny sere along ih er mies Felis. caechen epharaesve and elma ofthe pester Pampa Te ‘me ean bes nly Cali sve wit, fer aang i do a ft fen foretr nease kop of Rome (Cala, however aay test te senadeced wis oe ater Chetan member of The Fama Cacsot) We Kacey aka of bt ne se, Seba w0 tia pagan areata wan oped wo fn aay om he ‘On the fans ths codec cannot be led hat Cri singer were ara tle. feing mse longi maser and ‘sire the tamber of Snowe case forums eens Stat, Ba he fat ta los a Loowm cn of ave somerons ois ype owt othe pase hyphens tat aves wo Bese Chast weve normaly the nner of Ct fais. A fag eave who tou tit way back 1 hs Chin mate hough te en tate sever! saver nh slant fedowed the mates and ‘nstems sto cpt and ction; dave who became "onker trough the suport of ht Chin mater al thse stances Saget tht we are dang wih exceptional case which ate Bes sen ‘he gt ot te piieged retry some saves ejayed he ‘wets: Sach lions were, anything, strengthened by Chia IA mut-econd-entary Chinn Apology presente scar pure ter ‘permac hem to boa China thet ta hy have owas Slave Mines and Convicts in Peal Servite Working eoaions had avays deen very hard foe ines the oma word ues were ork predommanty by ives od tine ‘onic seus eimes “hoop his ay ot have bee the case ‘all gad amd avermines. Hsing chews ment oot of te {esto foe sive mie Sat bad sian to be owe fo Work tom cuade fo fry short pesos unt tog rates they le i he mist ofthe torr Diodorae Seah rom whet boow the expesion, gos on 10 giveth following aun othe ondiero ones p Comet pcr sft tees, bce i pie 0 SSE ee See rete a Ye a of ot on comeron 9 Cringe mics the poncumons Chstans were of condemned (0 the mite tetanus fra we Kom, they newer succeeded st cvetng ‘he anv ming poration. Tato ha thatthe poste ohn 8s tnd oe ites wc en ee sh aed aa aeoning to the apocryphal ACs tht bears ae, These A, thowgh umehable as haory ofthe pamive age of Christy 10 NR they preted wo refi, teflet the condtons of Me ya Giie mcbscond century Except for am cca Staten ‘fate te mincs Pal oorked fasg, etches, or Trovdays wa the psec he Ac nthing aout acl ane Sons*"ie te scind hal ofthe sen century, the Rowan stp Scat known to une tent saps o Chis condemned to the trees ie inthe same cenury, 4 tambet of Chas were ‘oncemal ote mics of Sarda (Among them we Gd Calis, ‘Seine whose gaining bis feeds team 1 hop) Though he (fod wi of a cabin of Commedia cndeaed Chretars ‘xg Ctl, were ceed (Callus, mee to, eee ta he ‘Skewbe sig cclowal abd was aly emanated) No ce oweve, ples on bal ofthe ther eons Dura he pe (Soar of he cay fou sat mumben of Cries were ‘Savcmnad 10 the mines of Egypt, Thebas and Pesto, sar ‘Srvc of Mange fa fueine ae Enowa, The churches (Spemsct concen forthe wins ad orp das 2 pose ‘lor, however, naling th py fo tact other nr othe {EIR An can ener of Cypean to Chis tary coer 10 the emacs courage be mae but syeshng woot the Heathen ‘Bhar Fee ceo to Chvetins conned tote mips apc [SEcinas Marys of Palin (© AD 306310) sa the Ape ‘Comma, wih 90 ober innate fers seer ines {© te pore arbi ns a Tet bt writes ohing stent the “Te above i complete t,t cet, hoe 0 mak he pt Th fc tt aes er stil conde to woe the men ‘Boge of the Cirsianemper Costin the mature of tone erly otcy winch had never qusioned the isttaon of {tivay, not even in wot form ™ “To cama my remaks, 1 won ike w deal rey with poten ‘ich hs remuted ope since de Row’ petion a he CasteVe: w eeses yi bese cece ew eee JS eee eees “nema, acon sd thee i nt alow te op set, SiGe ent as of cea ray wee ciel eed ‘Te ator tenes dove Sega nae om ‘Seeds one og ca acts ‘re, Kno ave athe ancl ad unexpected concn Jes ac a he inn of te a of serine he tet My om view i ta he snot ‘srs avec ofthe ke {yaw cn ed ay ye ey pean saa yee NEL wt Quon aut waters happened othe famous equal o the rs Csi fr wes ey atte at nt ‘Sere cl nda nce Some pase who wee lng to {Ske Ces scr hee queon in nd. "Ar tb Son you sone por tel eds fo some tne and ober ass? isthe not we eiference brwer eas” they ke. There oe, repli the ex-ourtrcrmay Chan aplopt Laas For soce we meas’ al Bra this ao By he ty ut Byte Cristy, Sevry ind the Staves 49 sprt, athongh the contion of bie is diferent, yt we have 20 ‘Eines bor we both rear and speak of then as totes i it ‘gona owedaves"™ ‘Slaves and their Cristian Masters tn the eter sections of his chaptr I deat with Cristi tides ‘Leey and the ett o which domeaic dave were Chetan, The Soir cipmment advance was that Christin ot question the nst> {aw of swery oe fat Chitin exited o partntaregercs 2 Ssrvertng dave Only + small somber of saves embrace new ‘hte sd tks af hse converted wee favours ote Chi {reer [shoal now fief tr any om ts sll pomber of ‘Cartan ses scl comet the tik of saver How oh thse people feact tte rend ofthe Chistian torment, and ow did they fo ‘Shou ther Corian masters = when they bad sch mate? Pagan ‘arcs gie ao tformation shout masterave felis in Chrisan eck Chitin documents have very Hie to yon he subj, tc want they day & eacumely fom the tas” piat of ew, ‘come, arr have sen, he Chis pit of ow war he pot of ew of Can dweowners. Not that lo mn Crisis owed ‘Eee e now it abou the mums "bt the laine aoe ‘eet documents refit, 2 re, he interests ofthe vere, ‘Shower tar numer Oor dination of he tpi cua thereto (ey opon sy cer evidence, Bat mat base St on irene and ‘Amat al rsarch ito reir sentiment aman the oppressed sects of ance! ues fn ernmom Seay ev we tere ‘Tomato owt he blo the open and ths ema {etl ite posted fom the pit of ew ofthe upper cases. Tis ted canoe go surpiaCawr were wed Yo secede ove the (ppeesed cers whe Meray tent were write by peo who ‘Sry the requed eesti ut a lie, ts he pegs of the ‘feomunt cases Tie, mal umber of exsaves managed 1 acguie ‘Tiph dope of elation; Dt wars hee new saw, the sts fa “Smmicpted ve that ty wonld wie and swe hey would wit for Stapp cos ince, So oven Pr sch ences we wet ave sity ‘peaking sdave vow, When we re i authors sac a Vito of saves ‘Zine tie econ’ the mane no ore tan «Knowledge of eading Td wring tesa al. Tuten abot the clos sndiment, and the feings more poctly the opps cies ut be fase oe aerationCORSE SDs sides sree rDbewvederoveres ole beharour ote css hough acc xamistion of the vim ‘(ance author: Bur such infeaces, however pau can aoc ‘sore shan speclndon The pacolopctsores mecca employed in sch avesignton dere fom moder ma an tee ths in mind, we cam proceed to peut on sme apes eign sentiment sno avn s may be sent die sep ‘We might gt the impreson, reading the soci sources, thas ‘ough tense and bent on exe sven asa nu ‘oamtimes to asep thee potion me oe psy se a tines fr xampl- dre have mach sherae. Tego tions were weched aed the supaviso extenely dre Datos ‘eth thy took ore deathar meets dene nn eh "Ray ao have been far eo the th: The of te apna ee ‘ho labore in gangs wee sometimes In cin ser equly ca ‘Moervsoa = though hard to bere tat clan nth cated ste could hae been wey rottbl ter pes of dave ar koma ‘ave peste unr senda worse eons The py of koe ce ow ncn pe te baviou of domes aes rm sel Tage. New Coe ‘and Roman Comedy, wre we ead so mach about hers deat ‘Hal ange that the idx of the sabi, file sto gy {et 2 distortion of te pte by sinve-ownen thang Bo Since, to Some epee st ln, aver were thf ete Te prope of eventual emancitin, fc singed ut by schlan a hs concn, mat become + sic, though ht Ore ‘aig risen for sbmiineness among sven Very he ke shout the minber of anomie ser ay sve ines crea oe 8 know more abot somber and prentgrs wld sl be Woy ‘ca to determine the ects prop cf emancipation had Oey shve's genera tehavio. Bet we can att i's hip Jeo Certain hat thousand sees ved ot ei ves saney rope tp of cman Wy i ty fem sive, td etn athe, bring no Snot rhion fr aoe ‘Se ucation we cam kam from in cases cami b Christy, Savery andthe Sines 5 ade: ch oo, eno moder ch tet wh tse sl hr aun = iy cheying tual wh ets slo's deren Hee hem he wre the foc orate for rway of hking tte dae cance Kea selenite and 0 rae conconaes ofthe maser demande Unde hee "Wer dove bythe sve grey’ accorting wo Hee. Se be pr fe mse ae wing coe only gest eta it, Yarying wit he deal Eroversegped, the mused ggroson of the mast? thereto domestic gurl rs against mars ‘icv had fo ter sare othe pat fen sr est eat alas moe gene 0h thea and Png he maser ay be fsored Literary Sores Sth oy tr dives remade We abo know of evel ces of oreo maser ane we ayn that ny ar ch occ or which a encce barred ™ an leptin mate Ca ta ses capes eae veya ety exceed ig Tere Owner at ie kat ted ew of ‘reaper ak tpave sve Sverre ako know 1 chee a atten rom mee” and mae ends.2 ‘ene, ee, ntetonlcemsnes even ck of clean ot torpuatve sorcrng tuck: “The tongue i 2 slave's wor par, te ‘Suter howght” An earpona! gece of laformation about saves ‘Seige by Phere» focdman of Aug In the inte ‘econ to hs fourth Book of fates, Phaedra wits Now wil pin iy wy he ye hinge ie waive. The ‘Sv, Sone ket pment oy ans sce be dre 6 ‘Sent be wel wy, rods snl nen her 1 Sed cme end pu of fot he es Whe ‘Koop mat oa he bit = is. te og op more ‘Mees thn be Hd bh sn of the sacs ew ao ‘Sorte tn several ae sees re coporedto ve partpted inthe dominant f= cubed religous tae ach ar te Lares (Compl aad ‘Angus, the cuts of Cees, Venus, Spes and Merry Fel; the ‘Scthanls a Stora Miri and other Syrian ros: end se on Some sees aso took prt inthe rigows ceremonies of the mes they sed inxs county ale In oer Wo undesand the Hea of partcpation fay elt we mnt bestia ind the ‘sigur charac ofthe ancient iy: when the ad of hase Ss converted a ew elt or adoecd a ew gn the ther members tat howseold (oo were oe itt. AS for as Cision Simple iden (eclding the gaint testimony of the prope Hermas) sigs tt he eomerion ofthe head of bowl 1 Crstanty was often flowed by he coowesion al the depedeat Imembers of Ut howl” though ar rm clea 0 what eet shves to were converted. (a ape 6 Tall cus this olen isso deal and commen onthe config ence) soul he Steced, nevertkss, that although sats di parte in eve ‘stipou cl they were tower thematvs the Dears of dtncve ‘ype of lipo. Ths ss npr etre of Save popcholoy which ‘mot be cone sng a te Ick of 3 inte sve cons ‘es Slots, irhermor, me ot even know f ave adapted any of ‘be relons thy embraced to fer we Cl Intex the eres ‘Sow th ding he Sta mt ee a conc he ‘ewe ve rion” ‘Very = Known about he ressonantang sve tthe pent of ‘St salty." es ot hard tose that bends eactmet a he ‘Soe cetants of ot at wome pga dvs to tbe mae? ater to conver them i Chrstniy. Pte evdence pgs a een ore atl tind of ives twas heir Chstan maser pga aves ~ iC baustod mse documents ha boa tea tts forthe ‘rode he floes sbviowy ft nea about and tempt to [ret the swe teas a the rot Of tre the Kar tre. We eanot mjc hs explaation; but tha ae undoubtedly ‘Gorn which ses assed thr mater spontaneous. Snes brew "me frbemoc, hat denouncing her mates they ten [ikl terrane al even he death pena “Anite sy i he coco ied i he iret ‘Act of John A erin Callas, prominest Guava of Epes ‘iat the se oft Chan couplet be lowe to sBsbonour the Udy of the eas Coan matey dre tereton the ave Was ie, wile Calimachs was preveted om pefomane is eco- fii act Te sponte John Comet Caimachu Dt reais) that {be acer sive was hopes. Having teen bough ck 1 i, he Syvtssts stow end nthe tote mers of ee tebe mc! T ‘So oo won abe rented, but wold rather be den 3035 00 {Se tem (atthe Christians)" Nels 0 a8 hat Dy dee ine fenton te swe wat rc dead a second ine. Thxe obs mo {ihn tbe acy. bu he cas pectic ofthe uaenry Chron (cumple sss cha the saves cpt reaction = Tear tofack 1 or oa Quen ae they any grounds for pontlating tax Cheam Hada dance spew ses? Judging Tom the fidence gece above sony an agent) a 6 mae{hee wee ofa le bond of flection between maser ad lave ‘sting nthe voluntary naryeom ofthe ae long wh the master, ‘rst, wel asthe oporte phenomenon the vinfciv dente ‘le taser by sane, sui not think be tte o ay parc Jar mora or sada tue of Chistian, Tey eve rather mas fain of the pial amialence of saver Yeclngs towards thee (nutri ce wisosrence to pagan maser woud thre {ove ast ta the pyelopea specs of asersfae relations were always complex an ambalat By the selection of examples we cn rove abot siting we te and Yo coaclde fom the exsing ‘Sidene that materia eeltions moog Chrsns were charsctr™ ‘Soy preter humanity or aeons ry to coal ta he serv fides ws peal pap aves . 3 Christianity, Manumission and Freedmen Manemision ‘acs avers na famous passge, Ha feedmen and ther desc sats are everyone “They rom the map te oe, pb rene, cnn of fish {nt pes watch, omen” Most Engh and any esa eee mers Sen nda wl Seles re ded aw how seriou thi stent sho be ake, tis genera aprend, weve that, cpl tom he Print wat the tmbe of eednee~ and the deacons - esd ‘Seserely aod that smc at east mane to age peat fon Sc eve ce the highest ake in the Roman racy. Narcs Pallas, Np the fbr of Clade Brus re th bes cw ‘ase bet the fst cool gp on to Ince Seaton, mach mr Lact ‘Macedo, or (gobi th emperor Petinak, wo were sos of 3 » s * + ; ; 3 s * : 3 ; ; : » r > * : + * x a & 1m he mid hr conor sco Cian group inSain Minor may have boon ung church ae tery ke three represented the four centay ‘ames ar the Apococ Conaion: This dcameot tetaye am aoe emency peta to Esse Chatty {tan apprendy cert omannasion. The Aponte Cont tions rut Bat the been ae 1 cles money aad spn for Sania sarascas ‘This pssge would be nig in hrisin erste i what it meant was ‘fot Church fis shoud be ie forthe emancipson faves in acral The conten, keer. soggess tha the eneiaies Wee Dot ‘riary saves but fiat caper fee Christe Th fod (Christian, Manion and Freedman 69 cnfimad by the grcral postion of the Apostolic Contains on ‘Sever: daveryb not condemned bt sce a noma Than neato at ch etary, Chins look afer the wellare of cptred flow Christin, sie ae 19 tev 1 Clon tat ny tae sence hemes cst x zn fr he Sar ye ence sey undp arn oe sorte, 1 Clemens highly rhetorical, and dos ot make car eter ts redering to Castano to Jew: te expesion ou Owe ‘eo’ bear bath ese in his text ad th example hich flow the Satemeatsbowe are dav from he Ok Tenet A Tete of Dy ‘Se thop of Alesana of the sume pid athe pose Conse ‘aon (he mil third century), nfs the ew tht sey (apreciated! im mind when they we the ‘Gkverance af tver™ Inthe content ofthe fescue of Deca, Dion erst some Chisinas a having teen “esc to ie svery by bari Suraons of then eaved Chin, oe west ‘eth tia some fr largess ter ave nos ye bee, op ‘he day. Cyprian oo writer ofthe nee ces nd soem ‘etiren fom brian bande Bat the Apostolic Consinions contin 2 faker passage ich eds crf examination In, Chto ae atarted oaved ubie ‘ete ofthe heathon el the sponte wach ae erate in Fors ttt ought mt 0 go tay of ne pe mein ww (pecan sed ie 2 Saat by ch et Slpcarmeacenae “Toe contest mae it eae hat Cras er allowed ogo 6 ie were pagans ead an ovrabcimang ory, oly whee tea to {ty peosions One ofthe things they cold st fd ewes wat ‘Sivoo snes, obvious, wll ot be bough ply ont f0 Be ‘etre Bute quacaton and save 9 il etn perplex i (may team terpoltion rs smetimes usd eet the bap ofthe save the efor fhe Eaghsh rslaton of etext ‘opin Hs meaning ta ‘Slaves were bought tobe tps The ossbltyconar be exclu he pau sos fo faves ch Sper cag: the sel of the sve would be saved Uy the ae fat that he was prcosed by @ Chan Sach seve moa blog #0 8Dorr pne CCrisin household and would terete be under the protecion of (ur examination of early Cian aides to mnuison ends with the ele of Comtanine te Greece and Rome anuision ws oe fred inthe page empl in Gros took he orm of sk {wil im Rome ad be arcs dng the Roman per wat Fesformed in the presence f pists =a sald yan ath othe pas Zn the empetor Jews tao pacion! mani at tir sce hes, loving rte pan sad elesng he sve at "he house of Jesh prayer (A Jew rpion fom Paatcapacn ta the Crimea, dated to AD 81, cons the iw thatthe Jews of hs art ofthe Diaspora koe ds custom saltrad) From AD 313, {Crisianty uned s nw postion in the Rowan Emi on seca ‘scogiton aa gal repo soo as grated alte ight pen ‘liga tate years 316 and S21, ets were promt, Sedan, tha the Christan could emancgte hi saver hi ow chores This practice was clled manumsi mel eeu dst ic model was flowed the new Chistian practice: the, Oreck ‘stom may he served a precedes Bare as ate, ee ‘as the Chrsian cae“ anloge ofthe ale or Sten tote Fv orpaess pete tat Constantine heey pve cago, {oa pracice which bad gan an nol sone on he pater of ‘mansion iter amicoe® Tas new pees pind by Cheatiny seen by some a forthe eanimaton of te batty to dawcry, ‘Cristy on tc mew, padhly tee one ofthe ene peat ‘asso manunision"™ A rerence othe Lvs of Constantine byte ‘hrc histori Sozomen on be se ging thi impesion "Owing 'o the sricine ofthe laws ete untlngnen of tr the wet many diets in he way oft acqiston of ths bot feo (On closer examination, bower, sch ies mas be ttl tee Fs ofa masters wee wowing, no ype of mansion cold Ince th numbers of emancipated aves whe Chas who a Sich dere cou berate hase ther way: a four cetary Ey, or eumple, ses were maniie ty Crates the eal ‘ayy testamentary gant There ate ao grounds for tsi at Tumis inrened afer the eit of 36 an 321, Soeomen’ fet ‘il mentioned wthing ofthe ind. By ‘eter eam be cay eat ficcdom accompanied by Raman chip: ‘Constantine terre made tree ws, eoacng tat all hoe inv the hares, hese fe shal be ace th es sh cee te Som of Kors: "We ers toweer om one ke sons ac ett were ncasles omer Ses an tha they wee pre Inti thr che ont dered Th esol Cas tev then ao be omstued ss Costas antonio a sme eipor The CIvsin churches tol Oe wanton ‘he pen ‘eps, and ong them he lea pte anc sn {Astwe hans se inthe revue sti, sats tte Pato ve system) The ae of Aca be aed fare Fe tat Crsian pace wise conor wi socal Senco (the age There, manumisio neces was wt ined oo te ‘at ith ot, though stony Christan commune hd used fom se cif The me crc Ces wich ted {new Chestan pe of macution groped fecmen sine ch ves afore 1 ing eens ting ea (Christian Frccdmen ‘Threat ee tht Chri wa perc fo ‘on etn Anent rogers aan wes) ‘tes nda aes ye ope of Wane tae sarsen Sinton cape wet tp pees wre es ‘ling sis Sent oppose 0 the been ose ths (ate eat 2 ie il be teed ester inp ie wee source fms te Drs ‘atin ve fin ck eg ‘etn Mest bs eopoyed the weap etepry ase. sites charcsar atnen>” Rei pet mes ‘ive bc a ry o cpg ncn Spm ric os ‘tres pr war no ean teeny ery Oc Sth Sra nowy heen tere tae ee ‘Shesand ered tee sever these cet eu ab oo ‘rane ad te hem: wel tne ge Than oe ‘caine Est i PerotrSuprcon te koe soe einen Seg cist bore Ao Kaptoe Tena nc ‘ccna wo cx pcb s sane nay nt oe ‘Steps fig of age wales i Foss tagcat he ron 5 fener i rota owen wok Cds we had Tw cea fc mes oe oxpoten ato beaten oe Sento wc ated at Oe genni, ta En hon mse,v are Bee ee cee eee eee See ee ” a a (tee n pemcs ir le born aie hee pre’ aneminion” Freie, ‘orcove, lie snes, oul asl be dpsed sect, cpl {me cles and mae er. We cn onl ac ssp a ‘emneve wat frcdran if we are expel tal wow pve ha fal ‘ee In Cty Cian documents thai arly the oe: wee weal ‘Breas coe mae, and the prs entned wesc 2 are a0 ‘thigh ua we ae mt normally old sbowt hs state oo re Chan ‘ singe soc (Seepny tn fac a we sal se, they costed an cle rp, sy ‘tthe perl sys having bei esl prompts han owt oh ee fepected mvourable treatment The. capeors ‘Srourt including deve were mec mane fom the ani ‘meat poral for eter sevens was abo common fo sumer ef ‘Sper slaves and featmen o recive «pec o spec eas tn, which meant that thy met regulary inthe relevant educational ‘Retinons For ll hese reas, he memes ofthe imperial hose {old developed x common seme of speionty ave ote sol ous is therefore not surpeing that wale oe ves aod eedmen he ‘somber: ofthe Fomiur Carr tok cre that ir sats wold be ‘ended in ho spurl rp ‘Promotion sad emancipation at mre os Sue ap, topthr with «seme of shared Ment beled upto 3 point, to overcome isons ween ter and fect i the imperial ooscold. OF preset (pacical comecnee was the dstiaction between those ase the ‘Sepcror, or under hi mens cemtl sod sper, sd tw, mech ever i number whe were jaddcly and cconnmaly ‘Bdependct,comerted to the emgeror by name (Se sues ha omic ut wx uri abtonory and is not away ay wo date frat tr enact due of dependence wa) The Fema Cuca was (Bride to enepre acta the maar of the dts Sapa ‘dence were dengue fom ours ofthe ais, ke fe beer were vided tne sabi, til and procs puke face at some impel freien managed Uo ree tie Rote sdeinseatne portion! impose, bet te someon ‘Hime tthe emperor employed tern nde inh de Fron in order to sere tigr cool over From the second ‘Satur onan, however fesden nthe pce sdmisraton Bea tebe supervised by equstane though procures sum 10 have ‘sina ther independence Fes geod example a rena i ‘Se nlminsraton elevated 9 potion ores poe “As aston to te tepcioe ty sine as tera, Srvecs screed the pu aves ofthe Rep ut vanced Wo ae ‘pi pons ttc ne sco cemiy, wee prc pactevducaisy ‘nts at the customs ofthe Danube (and pohly eewhere as tel) te cereal staff opps beng tne of the conic ad ‘came imperial saves*impva ennen nd aes wh sce igh rsitons (eating that of proce wees cnpayed ype ‘ feole difeences betwee seneabe ofa” Bea of eit fil ey inp tc chee as lige frnes and considerate property Ti fiance! postion alg sh the prestige of thither Sued sme member Ie peo Sitse teases trough the opp grades of Roman eal ce he empire We often meet th ames he powcr sich ted {cy rendu of welts expel rede etonble to ‘Sum tat these names belaged wo descendants oe fede the ‘elltoown peril eedme. Sach theca ofthe Church Ens of lean, Cement, hose fll ame Lat Tits Favs loc, ' exact the me a that of emperor Domitian’ en, ones cnsal and ner pat to death om + Serge Of atic (Ube by ‘ome tht the exconsl may ave ako Boon 3 Chrison and at the Chureh Faber was a manter of the mperal fama) Recent ‘cles are aio begining to she ight ote mages of mera sives in Egypte where mast erence has served” Ts Familia Caesars then, ts or goa eon bon tr wheter \w0Up: impel aves ofce Macrae, and even we male anes ‘aed fetwomen or women fee bith ~ whch na nt anc, ‘ton = thi hren ere ome a impel dawes o, pocioe ‘hit stcred the nity and vay ofthe perl fama? (Cri sacs among members es rou frm mich aol er recated cou not ve bre weet space Chant Imperlfesdinen, a they themaces advanced socal, wuld lp Girisiaity to penetrate te wpe meow of Roman sky: ok the sce of convertns mth impel fama wa mich raat ‘tan os church hitoran we main. OF coment al hypo 's ths connection can be prod ae mach roms pus spoer ‘oe, Bu he exiting eeaee el for s mace dctded exis than has usally een poomdod 1 awe therefore nt coneed the ‘idence and then stand ase ee as rsa and he Faia Cae he Chvistianization of the Familia Caesars By shows AD 56 wen Pal wrote hs Epis to the Romans, Rome steady hd + Chistian community of sine sgnteane a Oeste eid Pal wee they ae tli the rye yor fa (13) stout AD 50, scoring wo Seto te Spero Clues expe term Rome she Svs becuse they tse comings dserbaecs {he atin of Christ aot ely Carat What he ons of (hs commnty were we ca hardly ell buttery dt ad the at tht itmas mot aed by an apc or oer portant pron sing Stil more sing hat Fal wat sega th ames Roman Crist before evr wating Rome” Among thee Pas ce in’Rome wer he Csan of BE hoscols of Abul nad Narn al of thom nebo of he Familia Cris Aton a foe Pat ot gt pec pac oes snp ou a ecg geting 0 ‘elongate essen (22) Ge Pat aunty t= and secno aan or doubting he abet ft accunt~ ete ee Song the atest Chas ome memo the pal se. oll of some spcalignicance av grup, The exch free ‘ted by the seconde apc Achof Pet and Aes of Paul bts ies tens He he Sher apecyptal Acs we gence trl ahs Sovments: The Aa of Pd pt hat tet Auber of ices came to (Pa) fom the hoof Casa» Se the Aw of Pr ges more tal Pau i repre, ss rode Dy ‘Christians ttm Cac’ hosel, th oso seven pes ae Bren, one of them preter ed Naam Thee documents ‘ide ry on the esi ofthe Palin esa hae tare ‘reo ndepoden ae the presbyter Nac we ral rly 2 con base on the imperil fresma Narcan of wee fowsebols were Cisse bu we cao ci the one of 4 ivi” Naru being is pate’: same" THe pment Pct asian the Chis of he pera bach ay beer + {stra ecltio ot Backward pejetin of setae ste tion arn hae pokaty b0, 'A th edo he tent the Roman Crisis eter to ‘te Goithinn Christians, writen, econ to Udon, te Roman ‘Sabop lene (The crm sop" aot say appeaie to ome inthe early yas) The eter wes ete ote me who nd ‘teen irepmacabl fom jouth to ge hese Chane tat bane {cen commen at abou AB 50. The tesa two ten, Cans (Epbeb) and Vales (Vio), abo or fo impr saves at Meroe besos that hy bonged tho of Cana aeee sadossses ey ee aa beeeee sot n eseuc the ei mentioned by Pad. Cement hima tought to have teen ‘member of he ing ewscboll and was petops 2 fem f the ‘enml and emperors cumin Ts Favs Clones, eater meson. ‘Acoring fo tr wns Clements mother abo belonged to te nperor' amily.” (ie were specs may bo be exe, {fre be sry sono che Clement of Aranda (© AD 150° ‘Cente deena of esd of the me Clemens ‘Ournext evidence mes once sain Com Rome atound the year AD 165 In he Act of June we read that ceva Eocene of ‘att companion, wet amines save (later ae hmgee ‘cron of te teat Encpas feed hat he Was ‘Once Case” tot now 'stve of Ca) The farther ilormation gen about nes its of some incre Essar cme 10 have rected ‘i ft rom hs parents who weve atthe ine ofthe mate in ‘Capyds: were bx pret in he sev othe emperor or war be at ‘Gulied cope? Fron wh we hae aeady soe, Eva ete It bonged na Cains son of tbe Fumi Cas Iremeur(AD 190290), contemporary ofthe Aleman Cement, gave (pe of aoraton in tes dated 19 abot AD 10 nit work Apa lersere sot And toc nn mh a ath rp plc do thy et ve {Sm ey py em te propery ich tg Cx a ‘Met woohie noe aera Sn of hs ge scring 9 ray “Te ame ides of mating proviso fo he por ot of goats belonging to theempror cepts nthe Ach of Perr this work, whch 2 fe swat veges fr Boia a he emperor (NER?) sad ‘ne of senator eed Marcel, 1mm tein you oof ery t,o yo wl ede th eins ‘eft he Chun om Marts eps pos Yue (Ci ohm, ay wont iyo epee ore ‘This wk i contemporary with ens text and perhaps elt the Sane realy, tat Camar's hounhold had an portent Christian ‘Gement Ar he sme time, enarar artes eer fe Rom re loner Florin, some figment uf which are preserved by Ease Irenaeus wes tat het oy in lower Au (in about AD 1203) be ew Ferius who wun sendy 2 Csin, a ma of rank the ‘opal Court This seam imply tat Fm al Enc 3 ‘ocate ofthe Bb of Smyan,Pljarp. bong v0 the Fama Cesar Cristy andthe Faria Css 81 “The sory of Cats (who became biop in AD 217) als most infrmauneCiliatr wast sive of the Grin Corpora, wh srs fredman of the perc Commodi; bons Cals ng 19 ‘Be pera fons. Calta at some’ tine (© AD 185-92) ‘edema (0 the mines of Sania Through te ood works of Morem sconce of Commodhs Cals and hisfetlow Chas (he mies were set fe. The eter of Heaton was taken he BO tow of Sard by an tnperal eunuch called yeas wo wa al ‘Batons a Chistian pester From = tale ory, hes, wera tat four menbes le Faris Caesar in Rome mer Cin” A le esr, in tho ae ofthe caper Spi Severs a cea rom {Be etinooy of Teraliag, there wre sll Chia he imperial ous, soe of tem of high rank * From te tine ofthe emperor ‘Comes theve ae two lnsipions meaning an imperial feed Sc ewo saves who were, al Ketbood, Chstians. (Both nso: tril consered in some dtl in he vest ape) ar the mibmauent period we hive the combuocd testimony of eschaeant Cyprian, te famous bop of Carthage. Acco (2 ‘Eatin, when sini ceo Sowers Alrandr Se Cas wong i i ovat ae Alc, sin emo he mest eva teres (inn) pen, odie de he (Giace obec we punto deat meg ropa re enchig f e 5 Come ‘Dring the eat prt of the reign of the emperor Valin, bias ‘ome hr mn oe Ys alerans sep of AD 238 ys esis he lees ot {GE chnch ad the higeraing Romany, the Chrstans of Casas ewan were slo severely penceted™: he fet that fit sho Foca na cap 10 rele mapa aves a eed bas ‘Stns to their npieans, Eta ao mentioned an Amoi Jstyts and impel servant led Dowthos who, bingy nate inet es horoued by the einperr wih the charge of he parle Semnenttye Foy, a me esr the forth centr, there ie neresing cides forte erate of Cartan niger seve. ose trodes IS ends to the prod ofthe ‘gent pencetions’ ih an aserioe thr ntl tee, jor nd poverore had alowed mbes of hi chat (es can) gat faa te Os (iy pene conse i fin o ford the practice of Cam