SOLAR GRASS CUTTER

MECHANICAL
DEPARTMENT
YEAR: 2020-21
Group Names E.r. number
1 Patel Vraj K. 176440319066
2 Patel shivam C. 166440319567
3 Patel Tirth V. 166440319568
4 Patel vishv. 176440319067
4
Project Guide: Prof. Sunil V. Patel

B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology

 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Patel vraj k.
of Mechanical Engineering Department
Enrollment No: 176440319066, has
successfully completed his term-work
on Subject code: 3351908
Subject name: Project – 1 within
the four walls
of B.S. Patel Polytechnic in year-2020.

Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D.

 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Patel shivam c.
of Mechanical Engineering Department
Enrollment No: 166440319567, has
successfully completed his term-
work on Subject code:
3351908
Subject name: Project – 1 within
the four walls
of B.S. Patel Polytechnic in year-2020.
 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology
Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D.
 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Patel Tirth v.
of Mechanical Engineering Department
Enrollment No: 166440319568, has
successfully completed his term-
work on Subject
code:3351908
Subject name: Project – 1 within
the four walls
of B.S. Patel Polytechnic in year-2020.
 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology
Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Patel vishv.
of Mechanical Engineering Department
Enrollment No: 176440319067, has
successfully completed his term-
work on Subject
code:3351908
Subject name: Project – 1 within
the four walls
of B.S. Patel Polytechnic in year-2020.
 Ganpat University
B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology
Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is always a pleasure to remind the fine faculties in the B.S. Patel Polytechnic (BSPP) for
their sincere guidance we received to uphold our practical as well as theoretical skills in
engineering. Project work would not been possible without the kind support and help of many
individuals and organizations. We like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

We like to express our gratitude toward management of BSPP for their kind co-operation and
encouragement that help me in completion of the project.
We are highly indebted to prof. Petrosal Harshad P. for their guidance and constant supervision
as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & for their support in
completing the project.

We like to express our special gratitude and appreciation to him .

Finally, we like to thank all other unnamed who helped us in various ways to have a good
education and people who have willingly helped us with their abilities.
Our team of three student from GANPAT UNIVERSITY decided to work on project SOLAR
GRASS CUTTER.
 ABSTRACT
A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding blades to cut a lawn at an even length.
Even more sophisticated devices are there in every field. Power consumption becomes essential
for future. Solar grass cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in construction. It is
used to maintain and upkeep lawns in gardens, schools, college’s etc. We have made some
changes in the existing machine to make its application easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in
pollution control is attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate easily and maintain the
lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project, ―Solar grass cutter is used to cut the
different grasses for the different application.

We have made some changes in the existing machine to make its application easier at reduced
cost. Our main aim in pollution control is attained through this. Unskilled operator can operate
easily and maintain the lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project, Solar grass cutter
is used to cut the different grasses for the different Application.
 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

Table of Contents

Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………..i
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………… ii

Table of Contents..........................................................................................................................................vii
List of figures............................................................................................................................................x
Design of parts..........................................................................................................................................x
List of equations.......................................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR GRASS CUTTER..........................................................1
WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY ?..........................................................................................................................1
SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA: -.........................................................................................................................2
APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR GRASS CUTTER..............................................................................................3
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR-GRASS CUTTER...............................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2:- SELECTION OF PROJECTS........................................................................................4
2.1 COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE.....................................................................................................................4
Applications of compressed air engine: -............................................................................................................................5
2.2 Electricity Generation by Speed Breaker: -............................................................................................5
Applications of electricity generated by speed breaker: -.................................................................................................7
2.3 Design and Fabrication of a Pedal Powered Washing Machine....................................................................7
Application of a Pedal Powered Washing Machine: -........................................................................................................8
2.4 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC POWERED HACKSAW.................................................9
Application of pneumetic powered hacksaw : -..................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 3. DESIGN OF SOLAR-GRASS CUTTER.......................................................................10

Working of solar power grass cutter: -.............................................................................................................................10
Design of cutter (cutting blade)........................................................................................................................10
Design calculation: -............................................................................................................................................................11
External Frame Work:......................................................................................................................................12
Solar Frame Work:...........................................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 4. DETAIL AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING........................................................................13
4.1 Front view : -........................................................................................................................................18
4.2 Top view : -..........................................................................................................................................18
4.3 Side view : -........................................................................................................................................19
 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University
4.4 iso-metric view : -..............................................................................................................................20

CHAPTER 5. COST ESTIMATION.....................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 7. FUTURE SCOPE..........................................................................................................26
CHAPTER 8: - REFERENCES............................................................................................................27
 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

List of figures
Figure 4.1 Solar panel.......................................................................................................................................12
Figure 4.2 DC Motors.......................................................................................................................................13
Figure 4.3 Battery..............................................................................................................................................15
Figure 4.4 Castor wheel....................................................................................................................................16
Figure 4.5 ON & OFF Switch...........................................................................................................................17

Figure 4.1.1 Front view.....................................................................................................................................18

Figure 4.1.2 Top view........................................................................................................................................18
Figure 4.1.3 Side view.......................................................................................................................................19
Figure 4.1.4 Bottom view..................................................................................................................................19
Figure 4.1.5 ISO MATRIC view......................................................................................................................20

Design of parts
Figure 4.6 Solar panel.......................................................................................................................................20
Figure 4.7 Frame...............................................................................................................................................21
Figure 4.8 Blade with motor.............................................................................................................................21
Figure 4.9 wheel.................................................................................................................................................22
Figure 4.10 Motor..............................................................................................................................................22
Figure 4.11 Final assembly...............................................................................................................................23
 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

List of tables
Table 5.1 Cost estimation table............................................................................................................................24

List of equations
Eq 3.1.1 Force analysis on cutting blade.............................................................................................................10

i
 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR GRASS

CUTTER

Moving the grass cutters with a standard motor-powered grass cutter is an inconvenience,
and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily
accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving with engine create noise pollution due to the loud
engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a
motor-powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though
electric solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience.
Along with motor powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also hazardous and cannot be easily used
by all. Also, if the electric grass cutter is corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous.
The prototype will also be will be charged from sun by using
solar panels.

The grass cutter is made up of an electrical motor, a battery, an alternator, linear blade, and a
link mechanism. the power and charging system comprise of an alternator which
charges the battery while in operation. The electric motor forms the heart of machine and provides the
driving force for the driving blades. This is achieved by the combined effect
of mechanical action of the cutting blades and the forward thrust of the mower. The system is powered by
an electrical switch which completes the circuit comprise the electrical motor and the battery. Solar power
as an energy source will address a number of issues that slandered internal combustion engines do not. An
electric grass cutter with a solar charger will be easier to use.

There is no messy dangerous gasoline to deal with most importantly it eliminates the
emissions of an internal combustion mower. A grass cutter is a device which by mean of one or more
revolving blades issued to grass cut or other plants. Grass cutter employing a blade that rotates about a
vertical axis are rotary mowers. While employing blade assembly that rotates about a horizontal axis are
known as cylinder or reel mowers.

The main components of the solar powered grass cutter are: -

 Solar panels
 Electrical motor
 Mechanism used
 Blade
 Batteries

What is Solar Energy?

Solar energy is radiant energy that is produced by sun. Every day the sun radiates, or sends out, an
enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more energy in one second than people have used since the
beginning of time! Where does the energy come from that constantly is being radiated from the sun? It
comes from within the sun itself. Like other stars, the sun is a big ball of gases- mostly hydrogen and
helium atoms.

The hydrogen atoms in the sun's core combine to form helium and generate energy in a

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process called nuclear fusion. During nuclear fusion, the sun's extremely high pressure and
temperature causes hydrogen atoms to come apart and their nuclei (the central cores of the
atoms) lo fuse to become one helium atom. But the helium atom contains less mass than
the four hydrogen atoms that fused, some matter is lost during nuclear fusion.

Figure 1.1 Nuclear fusion

The lost matter is emitted into space as radiant energy It lakes millions of years for the energy in
the sun's core to make its way to the solar surface, and then just a little over
eight minutes to travel the 93 million miles to earth. The solar energy travels to the earth at a
speed of 186,000 miles per second, the speed of light.

Solar energy is very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The power from the sun
interrupted by earth is approximately 1.8/10MW, which are many thousands of times larger
than the present consumption rate on the earth of all energy sources. The quantum of
energy India's land area receive from sun is equivalent to 15,000 time sits consumption
requirement (500 billion kWh) as projected for 2004. In addition to its size, solar energy has
two other factors in its favors Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is real challenge in
utilizing solar energy is of and economic concern. One has to strive for the
development of cheaper methods of collection and storage so that large initial investments
required al preset in most applications are reduced.

SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA: -

A large amount of solar radiation falls on India and for most of the country very few days are
without sunshine. India lies within the latitude of 7 N to and 37 N with annual average intensity
of solar radiation as 500 to 600 Cal/cm days with more such insulations
available in arid and semi-arid regions. Average solar radiation falling on India in arid and
semiarid regions is 7.5 Kw hm day.

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Solar energy 5x 10 K w h/year potential to meet basic energy needs of teeming millions
who lives in rural India. Solar energy is an important, clean, cheap and abundantly available
renewable energy. The sun radiates heat and light. The heat, light received from the sun
supports the environment on the earth through the following well known natural effects.

1. Temperature balance on the earth

2. Photo-synthesis by biological plants production of oxygen and organic Materials, production of
organic chemicals and biomass.
3. Wind due to unequal heating of water, land surfaces
4. Heating of ocean water: ocean thermal energy (OTEC) 5. Waves in ocean: ocean wave energy
5. Tides in ocean: ocean tidal energy (due to gravitational forces)

The sun produces enormous amount of energy of heat and light through sustained nuclear fusion
reactions. The solar energy received on the earth in the form of radiation is used for heating and producing
an electrical energy among the non-conventional sources of energy solar energy is the most promising.
Hence our project is based on the solar energy conversion to mechanical energy to run a nominal grass
cutter.

APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR GRASS CUTTER

 For cricket ground.
 Football ground.
 Garden and Playground.

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR-GRASS CUTTER

 Easy to use, because it is cordless.

 With battery powered grass cutter, there is no more messy oil & smelly gasoline. 
Now we are safety with no pollutants emitted. There are also no air filters & spark
plugs to bother it.
 The cost of electricity to recharge the battery is minimal compared to the high cost of
gasoline, oil, air filters & spark plugs.
 High conversion efficiency.
 Has fewer moving parts.
 Less space required.
 Noise less operations so readily accepted in residential areas.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University
CHAPTER 2:- SELECTION OF PROJECTS

2.1 COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE

A Compressed-air engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by compressed air. A
compressed-air vehicle is powered by an air engine, using compressed air, which is stored in a tank.
Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in the engine to drive pistons with hot expanding gases,
compressed air vehicles (CAV) use the expansion of compressed air to drive their pistons.
They have existed in many forms over the past two centuries, ranging in size from hand held turbines up
to several hundred horsepower. For example, the first mechanically-powered submarine, the 1863 Plunger,
used a compressed air engine.

The laws of physics dictate that uncontained gases will fill any given space. The easiest way to see this in
action is to inflate a balloon. The elastic skin of the balloon holds the air tightly inside, but the moment
you use a pin to create a hole in the balloon's surface, the air expands outward with so much energy that
the balloon explodes. Compressing a gas into a small space is a way to store energy. When the gas
expands again, that energy is released to do work. That's the basic principle behind what makes an air car
go.

Some types rely on pistons and cylinders, others use turbines. Many compressed air engines improve their
performance by heating the incoming air, or the engine itself. Some took this a stage further and burned
fuel in the cylinder or turbine, forming a type of internal combustion engine.

One manufacturer claims to have designed an engine that is 90 percent efficient. Compressed air
propulsion may also be incorporated in hybrid systems, e.g., battery electric propulsion and fuel tanks to
recharge the batteries. This kind of system is called hybrid-pneumatic electric propulsion. Additionally,
regenerative braking can also be used in conjunction with this system.

Figure 2.1 Compressed air engine

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University
Applications of compressed air engine: -

 Mopeds :-
Jem Stansfield, an English inventor has been able to convert a regular scooter to a
compressed air moped. This has been done by equipping the scooter with a compressed
air engine and air tank.
 Buses :-
MDI makes Multi CATs vehicle that can be used as buses or trucks. RATP has also
already expressed an interest in the compressed-air pollution-free bus.
 Locomotives :-
Compressed air locomotives have been historically used as mining locomotives and
in various areas.
 Trams :-
Various compressed-air-powered trams were trialed, starting in 1876 and has been
successfully implemented in some cases.
 Watercraft and aircraft :-
Currently, no water or air vehicles exist that make use of the air engine. Historically
compressed air engines propelled certain torpedoes.

2.2 Electricity Generation by Speed Breaker: -

Increasing demand of energy adds to the need of identifying non-conventional resources of
energy. In my paper, I will discuss about power generation from speed breaker and the possible
mechanism required for it an energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy
resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other
natural resources.

An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage
electricity crisis. While not entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese
antigovernment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise, the Russia-Ukraine gas
dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged
crisis stage.

On road vehicles waste a tremendous amount of energy on speed breakers, where there is a
necessity to provided speed breaker to control the speed of the vehicles. The annual rate of growth of
motor vehicle population in India has been almost 20 percent during the last decade. There is tremendous
vehicular growth in year by year. The increasing traffic and number speed breakers on roads motivate to
manufacture an innovative device which can channelize the energy of vehicles that is wasted on speed
breakers to some useful work.

In this practical manufacturing processes and steps of speed breaker device for generation of
compressed are described which can be used to generate compresses air on highways in
remote areas. The reciprocating air compressors are used for pressurized air generation taking advantage
of design simplicity and also these are the most common type of compressors found in various
applications.

This paper based on the principle of reciprocating air compressor in which compressor compresses
the air by reducing the volume of air that has been isolated. we put our machine underground of road exacty
below speed barker, the head of piston rod is bringing up to level of road surface. When vehicles move on
rack it will be pushed down.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

The piston is reciprocating in the cylinder. The piston and cylinder arrangement convert
reciprocating motion in to air compression. The second part is specially planned to design and fabricate
the conversion unit for utilizing the available unconventional energy source. That is tremendously
available energy in low intensity with ample quantity can be utilized.

This machine converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion. The rotational power is
converted into the electrical energy by using speed increasing gear box and generator that generate
electricity. And this generated electricity is used in various applications.

These machine unit kept underground of road exactly below speed breaker, the head
of piston rod is bringing up to level of road surface. When vehicles move on speed
breaker it will be pushed down so rack move downward and rack is jointed to piston rod so the
piston is reciprocating in the cylinder. The piston and cylinder arrangement convert
reciprocating motion in to air compression.

Now during the dome shaped part press stroke, the piston is coming towards or away direction
pressing the already admitted air to be compressed. Thus, the pressure or air increases due to
compaction of air in the restricted air i.e. more amount of air packed in the low volume area
caused by the sweeping of the piston inside the cylinder.

The principle parts of kinetically operated reciprocating air compressor are same as that for the
I.C. Engine. Inlet and delivery valves Automatic in their operation being spring loaded. They are
operated and closed due to the difference of pressure created on either side and a spring provided
to close the valve at its seat.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

In Working there are two strokes

1. Suction Stroke.
2. Delivery Stroke During the suction stroke.

piston moves down ward due to which pressure in cylinder falls down below atmospheric
pressure. Intake value opens and the atmospheric air is taken inside during the whole
stroke. In delivery stroke the piston moves inward with the compression of air in cylinder.
Both the inlet and delivery are closed and compression proceeds. At the end of
compression strokes, the pressure increases above the receiver pressure. The high-pressure air
overcomes the spring force on delivery valve and the air is discharged to the receiver tank.

Applications of electricity generated by speed breaker: -

 Power generation with low cost and using non-conventional energy sources which will help us to
conserve the conventional energy sources to meet the future demand.
 By using this method, electricity will be generated throughout the year without depending on other
factors.
 Easy for maintenance and no fuel transportation problem.
 Pollution free power generation.
 Less floor area required and no obstruction to traffic.
 No need of manpower
 during power generation.

2.3 Design and Fabrication of a Pedal Powered Washing Machine

Washing clothes is one of the essential parts of life. We all wash our clothes either by hands
or by machine. AA washing machine is a device designed to wash laundry such as clothes and sheets. In
these days there exists a wide variety of washing machines in the market and there is stiff competition
among the manufacturers. These washing machines cost between $350 to $750 depending upon functions
and features.

All of these washing machines are powered by electricity and the basic principle of operation is by creating
a turbulent flow of the detergent around the dirty clothes. Almost 60 percent of our population lives in rural
areas where it is impossible to use electric powered washing machines, mainly due to the unavailability of
electricity or the absence of the machine itself due to high costs of purchasing a new washing machine.
Washing clothes by hand is laborious, strenuous, takes a lot of time and leaves one breathless. This paper
intends to directly address the problems faced by people in the rural areas when washing clothes by
designing and fabrication a pedal powered washing machine. The machine can also be used in urban areas
to save electricity and also to exercise. The machine does not require electricity or an engine but uses
human power. The transfer of human energy through the use of a foot pedal and crank mechanism is what
is known as Pedal power. This is the mechanism that has been used to propel bicycles. The paper designs
and fabricates the pedal powered washing machine. Experiments are conducted in order to determine the
optimum operating conditions.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

Application of a Pedal Powered Washing Machine: -

• Open the outer and inner drum doors.

• Put the clothes in the inner drum and close the inner door.
• Pour about 5 to 10 liters of water and add a detergent.
• Close the outer door and sit on a comfortable chair.
• Begin to cycle starting slowly and increasing pace. Pedal for about 15-20 minutes.
• Remove the soapy water by opening drainage screw at the bottom of the outer drum.
You can add
rinsing water and pedal for a short time. Remove the water. Drying will require a faster
pedaling rate.
The heat in the drum will also help dry the clothes.
• Now remove the clothes from the machine. The machine has to be maintained at
regular intervals. A preventative type of maintenance every 5 years is more suitable.
The components that require. replacement is the sprocket, gears and the chain. Chain
has to be greased regularly.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University
2.4 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC POWERED
HACKSAW

In mass production industries and workshops, there is frequent need of cutting objects in a very quick
manner so as to meet fast processing tasks. This study aims to create a proto-type Pneumatic powered
hacksaw that utilizes pneumatics components to provide motion to blade, solenoid valves, an air
compressor as a source of power and a programmable logic controller (PLC). This helps in reducing the
overall cost of the hacksaw right from designing to manufacturing since expensive electronic circuits are
not used. When compared to motorized hacksaw this pneumatic hacksaw with simultaneous and
sequential pneumatic circuits is capable of performing the same task automatically with assistance of even
an unskilled labor which in turn reduces the running cost of the machine.

Pneumatic hacksaw is a metal cutting machine which uses pneumatic power to cut metals. This machine
involves the use of piston cylinder arrangement and a system to provide compressed air for its working.
The machine is aimed at achieving mass production along with better and efficient way of handling work
piece. It is used for cutting both hard and soft metal. Pneumatic hacksaws can be either gravity fed or use
hydraulic arrangement for feeding purpose. The solenoid controlled pneumatic cylinder provides a way of
controlling the machine by a micro-controller, thus enabling automation to cutting operation.

Applications of pneumatic powered hacksaw: -

1:-Pneumatic hacksaw can be used in used in mass production industries for quick cutting
operations.
2:- It can be used in automating the industry.
3:- It can also be used in the workshops.
4:- It can be used in locations where regular power cuts are seen.
5:- It can be used to reduce the labor cost and in areas where less labor is available.

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University
CHAPTER 3. DESIGN OF SOLAR-GRASS CUTTER
First of all, we need to understand how does the solar grass cutter work.

Working of solar power grass cutter: -

Coming to the working of solar powered grass cutter, it has panels bunted in a particular
arrangement at an angle of 45 degrees in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity
easily from the sun. These solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy as studied earlier. Now
this electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger.

The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the panels while batteries are
charging it also disconnects the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully charged and also
connects to the panels when the charging in batteries is low.

The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires between these two mechanical circuit
breaker switches is provided. It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power
transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the
grass.

The working principle of solar grass cutter is it has panels mounted in particular arrangement at an in such
a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert
solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger.
The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the panels while batteries are
charging, it also discounts the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully charged and also
connects to the panels when the charging in batteries is low.

The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires between these two mechanical circuit
breaker switches is provided. It starts and stops the working of the
motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the
fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass.

The desired solar powered lawnmower comprises of direct current (DC) Motor, a
rechargeable battery, solar panel, a stainless-steel blade and control switch. Mowing is
achieved by the DC motor which provides the required torque needed to drive the stainless- steel blade
which is directly coupled to the shaft of the DC motor.

The solar powered lawnmower is operated by the switch on the board which closes the circuit and allows
the low of current to the motor which in tum drive the blade used for mowing. The battery recharges
through the solar charging controller. Performance
evaluation of the developed machine was carried out with different type’s grasses.

Design of cutter (cutting blade)

Cutting blade is main component of solar grass cutter. For blade we decided to use
stainless steel material because of the mechanical property of stainless steel. Its light in weight and
it has good machinability.

A blade is that portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to cut and/or
puncture, stab, slash, chop, slice, thrust, or scrape surfaces or materials. A blade

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may be made from a flaking stone, such as flint, metal (usually steel), ceramic, or other material.

Figure 3.1 Cutting blade

Design calculation: -

There are three mathematical quantities that will be of primary interest to us as we analyze the
motion of objects in circles. These three quantities are speed, acceleration and force. The speed of an
object moving in a circle is given by the following equation.

The acceleration of an object moving in a circle can be determined by either two of the following
equations.

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External Frame Work:

The external frame work is having 135 cm cylindrical hallow pipes are welded. at the end of
the pipe we have attached electric motor with gears arrangement and shaft to the blades.

Solar Frame Work:

To avoid weight on the frame the solar panel is separated from the panel. The solar panel is
12 watts which is connected to the battery

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 B. S. Patel Polytechnic/Institute of Technology, Ganpat University

CHAPTER 4. DETAIL AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING

4.1 SOLAR PANELS: -
A solar panel is a device that collects photons of sunlight, which are very small
packets of electromagnetic radiation energy and converts than ink electrical current that
can be used to power electrical loads

Using solar panels is a very practical way to produce electricity for many applications.
The obvious would have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means living in a location that is
not serviced by the main electric utility and remote hones and cabins benefit nicely from
solar power systems.

No longer is it necessary to pay huge fees for the installation of electric utility poles and
cabling from the nearest main grid access point. A solar electric system is potentially less
expensive and can provide power for upwards of three decades if properly maintained.

Figure 4.1.1 Solar

panel

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4.2 DC MOTOR: -
A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repels and unlike magnetic poles
attracts each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field
aligned with the center of the coil.

By switching the current on or off in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by
switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be
switched 180°.

A simple DC motor typically has a stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature
with a series of two or more windings of wire wrapped in insulated stack slots around iron pole pieces
(called stack teeth) with the ends of the wires terminating on a commutator.

Figure 4.2.1 D.c. motor

Advantage of DC motor: -

1. Low initial cost

2. High reliability

3. Simple control of motor speed

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Disadvantage of D.C. motor: -

1. High maintenance

2. Low life span

4.3 BATTERY: -
Electricity, as you probably already know, is the flow of electrons through a conductive path
like a wire. This path is called a circuit.

Batteries have three parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+), and the electrolyte. The cathode and
anode are hooked up to an electrical circuit.

The chemical reactions in the battery cause a buildup of electrons at the anode. This results in an
electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. You can think of this
difference as an unstable build-up of the electrons. The electrons want to rearrange
themselves to get rid of this difference. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each
other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons.

In a battery, the only place to go is to the cathode. But the electrolyte keeps the electrons from
going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is
closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the
cathode. In the picture above, the electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb
along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow
through the circuit.

Figure 4.3.1 battery working

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Figure 4.3.2 Battery

However, these electrochemical processes change the chemicals in anode and cathode to
make them stop supplying electrons. So, there is a limited amount of power available in a
battery.

When you recharge a battery, you change the direction of the flow of electrons using
another power source, such as solar panels. The electrochemical processes happen in
reverse, and the anode and cathode are restored to their original state and can again
provide full power.

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4.5 WHEELS: -

Figure 4.4.2 wheel

There are so many types of wheels which can be used in our project. we decided to use wheel
which is shown in above picture. These wheels are big in diameter which can be beneficial in
uneven ground.

4.6 ON OFF SWITCHS: -

An electric switch is a device that interrupts the electron flow in a circuit. Switches are
primarily binary devices: either fully on or off and light switches have a simple design. When the switch
is turned off, the circuit breaks and the power flow is interrupted. Circuits consist of a source of power
and load. A load is a power-powered device. The function of an electric switch is to regulate the current
between the load and source of power.

The power source is the electrons that push through the circuits. The voltage is the quantity of
force or pressure applied by the power source. Power sources must have a negative and
positive endpoint. The negative terminal connects to the charge, and the electrons drive
through the circuit. The load receives the current and returns it via the positive terminal to the power
source. The electrical switch is inserted in this loop.

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Figure 4.5.1 On off switch

Function :-

Electrical switches work according to a basic design. The most common switches are the
on/off toggle ones. Three-way and dimmer circuits are similar in design. Three-way circuits consist of
two separate switches that control the same device, while a dimmer circuit controls only the amount of
electricity that passes. Electric circuits work when electricity can move in a continuous loop.

The electricity cuts off once the circle is broken. This is where the switch comes in. A toggle
on/off circuit breaks the current when it is off. The current or loop completes itself when it’s in “on”
position.

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4.1.1 FRONT VIEW: -

TOP VIEW: -

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SIDE VIEW: -

BOTTOM SIDE VIEW: -

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4.1.5 ISO MATRIC VIEW

4.6 PART-1(SOLAR PANEL)

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Part 2 (Frame)

Part 4 (Blade with motor)

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Part 6 (Wheel)

D C motor

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Final assembly

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CHAPTER 5. COST ESTIMATION

Sr. No. Name of Components Quantity Rate Total

1 Solar Panels 1 950 950

2 DC Motor (3000 to 4000rpm) 1 550 550

3 12 V Battery 1 700 700
4 Blade 1 570 570
5 Frame 1 1500 1500
6 Wheels 4 100 400
7 Switch on/off 2 30 60
8 Connection Wire 2 meters 20 40

Gross 4770
Total

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CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION
 The output of this project can be improved by reduction of cost, increasing the efficiency
of the blades and weight reduction.

 We can implement with booster circuit and speed control circuit for more
reliable and stable operation. If panel used of high watt, then the machine can be used during
night time for garden lighting or room lighting. Because we
can store more power. And at night time however you keep aside. So, the power in the battery
can be used for this purpose.

 Due to the power demand we choose the renewable energy. So, there is no running
cost. The DC motor is operated in low power with high efficiency. DC-DC converter
is maintaining the output voltage is constant and high. The Components are not
affected the environment and animals

 It will be very much useful for the user. This project concludes that the DC motor is
control in a constant speed by control circuit. The DC motor
maintains in a constant speed in the condition of the load applied.

 The battery is charged by the photovoltaic panel in a constant voltage. The

DC motor speed can be able to maintain constant and the performance can be done
in proper manner

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CHAPTER 7. FUTURE SCOPE

 We completed our project successfully with the available sources. But the results and
modifications are not up to the expectations. This can be further improved by
incorporating the following modifications to obtain better results.

 The speed of motor is reduced because we have used heavy material and this
material can be replaced by using light weight material and design of blades should be
done based on types of grass is used to cut.

 The project which we have done surly reaches the average families because the grass
can be trimmed with minimum cost and with minimum time

 Finally, this project may give an inspiration to the people who can modify and can
obtain better results.

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CHAPTER 8: - REFERENCES

Web links for reference

www.learnmech.com
www.solartechnology.co.uk
www.micromo.com
www.researchgate.net
www.luminousindia.com
https://www.google.com/search?q=loads+on+cutting+blade&ie=&oe=
https://news.energysage.com/average-solar-panel-size-weight/
https://www.science.org.au/curious/technology-future/batteries

Books for references

 Solar Electricity Handbook

Book by Michael Boxwell

 DIY Solar Power: How to Power Everything from the Sun

Book by Micah Toll

 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS: A Manual for

Technicians, Trainers and Engineers
Book by Chetan Singh Solanki

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