Chapter 1 final revision

Question no. Answer Question no. Answer

1 Asteps↓ 72 C
2 A steps↓ 73 A
3 C steps↓ 74 C
4 B steps↓ 75 C
5 A steps↓ 76 D
6 D steps↓ 77 A steps↓
7 B steps↓ 78 A
8 D steps↓ 79 D
9 B 80 A steps↓
10 B steps↓ 81 C steps↓
11 D steps↓ 82 A steps↓
12 A steps↓ 83 A steps↓
13 A 84 D steps↓
14 A 85 B steps↓
15 C 86 B steps↓
16 C 87 A steps↓
17 D steps↓ 88 B steps↓
18 A steps↓ 89 C steps↓
19 A 90 A steps↓
20 A steps↓ 91 A steps↓
21 C 92 D steps↓
22 A 93 C steps↓
23 A 94 B steps↓
24 B 95 C steps↓
25 B steps↓ 96 A steps↓
26 B 97 B steps↓
27 A 98 A steps↓
28 C 99 A steps↓
29 B steps↓ 100 C steps↓
30 B 101 C
31 C 102 B
32 D 103 A
33 C 104 A
34 A 105 B
35 A 106 A
Table belongs to
Q.34
36 A 107 D
37 C steps↓ 108 D
38 B 109 B
39 D 110 A
40 C 111 B
41 D 112 A
42 A 113 C
43 C 114 B
44 D 115 D
45 A 116 C
46 C 117 B
47 C 118 B
48 D 119 D
49 B 120 A
50 D 121 A
51 B 122 B steps↓
52 C 123 A steps↓
53 C 124 B steps↓
54 B 125 C steps↓
55 B 126 B steps↓
56 D 127 D steps↓
57 B 128 A steps↓
58 D 129 A steps↓
59 D 130 C steps↓
60 B 131 D steps↓
61 A 132 A steps↓
62 C 133 C steps↓
63 C 134 B steps↓
64 A 135 B steps↓
65 C 136 D steps↓
66 B 137 B steps↓
67 C 138 C steps↓
68 A 139 B steps↓
69 D 140 B steps↓
70 D 141 B steps↓
71 D 142 C steps↓
Equations and steps:

Question Step
no.
1 Elements X and Y are :
1- Copper  CuSO4 is insecticide and fungicide in the purification
of water  lies in IB group.
2- Manganese  MnSO4 is used as fungicide  lies in 7B group.

2 26 Fe : [18Ar], 4s2, 3d6

Fe+2 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d6
↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Fe+3 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d5  half-filled 3d-sublevel  more stable

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

3  Question 3 :
Click hints ‼
• difficult to get reduced form X+2 to X+3 means difficult to get
changed from its most stabe form to another forms
• Most stabe forms of the compound are d⁰ , d⁵ , d¹⁰
• Read this question again carefully

Try to answer this question again by yourself using these hints ❤

________________
Total answer :
Form the most stable forms of elements is when it becomes
Half filled → 3d5

So it would be easy to change it from any other form to its stable

froms

Which of the transition element is easy to get oxidized from

 Z+² --> Z+³
 Iron :
Iron(||) is easy to get oxidized to Iron(|||)
26 Fe+² : [Ar] 4s0, 3d6 → 26 Fe+³ : [Ar] , 4s0, 3d5

less stable form-->Most stable form

Its very easy to convert the element from any form

to its stable form

The answer is choice A [Fe] ❌

❌❌❌
_____________
READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY⚠

He need to know the element that follow element Z not element Z

itself
The element which follows Iron (Fe) in periodic table is Cobalt
(Co)

Choice C ✅
✅

4  Choice a  excluded
26 Fe : [18Ar], 4s2, 3d6
Fe+2 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d6
↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Fe+3 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d5  half-filled 3d-sublevel  more stable

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

So, it’s easy to obtain FeCl3 from FeCl2

 Choice b is correct
 25 Mn : [18Ar], 4s2, 3d5
Mn+2 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d5  half-filled 3d-sublevel  more stable
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Mn+3 : [18Ar], 4s0, 3d4

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

So, it’s easy to obtain MnCl2 from MnCl3

5 Zn+2  Zn+3
30 Zn: [Ar] , 4s0 , 3d10  30 Zn : [Ar] , 4s 0, 3d9

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
Stable form

Its very difficult to convert the element from its stable form.
to any other form.

6 Element (X) is from elements of the 1st transition series, the

electronic configuration of its ions is [Ar] 3d 5

 Choice A : Excluded
Zinc has only one oxidation state which is Zn+² only
30 Zn+² : [Ar] , 3d10 , 4s2 --> 3d10 not 3d5
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓

 Choice B : Excluded
V ions are V+5 , V+4 , V+3 and V+2
V+5 : [Ar] , 3d3 ,4s2  3d0
23

V+4 : [Ar] , 3d3 ,4s2  3d1

23

↑
 23 V+3 : [Ar] , 3d3 , 4s2  3d2
↑ ↑

23 V+2 : [Ar] , 3d3 , 4s2  3d3

↑ ↑ ↑

 Choice C : Excluded
Sc has only 1 oxidation state which is +3  There is Sc+3 only
21 Sc+3 : [Ar] 3d¹ , 4s²  3d⁰

 Choice D : Correct
26 Fe : [Ar] 3d⁶ , 4s²  3d⁵
+3

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

7 Click hints ‼
• Uses of elements
- Fungicide ➡ Zn or Mn
-Hydrogenation of oils ➡ Ni
-Car springs ➡ V
-Dry batteries ➡ Co

Try to answer this question again by yourself using these hints

❤
_____________
Total answer ❤
 An ion (X+³) has electronic configuration [18Ar]3d⁶ , so the
element is used in ....
  Choice A : Car springs
Vanadium is used in car springs  

Vanadium , its +3 ion ⬇

23 V+³ : [18Ar], 3d² , 4s⁰

Its +3 ion doesn't contain 3d⁶

Excluded ❌
❌
 Choice B : Dry batteries
Cobalt is used in Dry batteries =.

Cobalt , its +3 ion ⬇

Co+³ : [18Ar] , 3d⁶ , 4s⁰

27

Its +3 ion contain 3d⁶

Correct ✅
✅

8 Click hints ‼
Has a greatest magnetic moment
That's means has the highest number of unpaired electrons in
3d sublevel
3d⁵

Try to answer this question again by yourself using these hints

❤
____________
Total answer ❤

A transition element from transition series, in its oxidation

state (2+) it has a greatest magnetic moment  
  This element will be Mangenese
because its oxidation state (2+) will be 3d⁵ --> has 5 unpaired
electrons in d-sublevel

Mn⁰--->Mn+²

[Ar]18 , 3d⁵ , 4s² --> [Ar]18 , 3d⁵

So Mn+³
Mn⁰--->Mn+³

[Ar]18 , 3d⁵ , 4s² --> [Ar]18 , 3d⁴,4s⁰

Choice D ✅
✅

10  Oxidation number of X
X2O3=0
2X+ (3x-2)=0
2X -6=0
2X=+6
X=+3

X
+3 contains 3 unpaired electron

X
+³ : [Ar],3d³
Or
X+³ : [Ar],3⁷

 So the electronic configuration of this ions in its elemental

state by returning
to them 3 electrons
X+³ +3é → X⁰
 X : [Ar] 4s¹ , 3d⁵
Which is Chromium
Lies in group 6

Or

X: [Ar] 4S²,3d⁸

Which is Nickel
Lies in group 10

So the correct answer is choice B✅

11  1st information :
“The transition element which has one unpaired electrons in its
atomic state ”
Form this info I can guess the element , it may be Cu or Sc

30 Copper : [Ar] , 3d10 , 4s1

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
↑

Or
21 Scanduim: [Ar] 3d¹ , 4s²
↑

 2nd information :
“it is chemically active”
Sc is highly reactive , it reacts with water vigorously .

So this element is Scandium

Choice D : Correct

Choice c is excluded because copper element lies below

hydrogen in chemical activity series  chemically in active.
12 The element (X) is a transition element lies in the fourth period,
it has the highest possible oxidation state  Manganese.
The only group in the main transition series that can have +1
oxidation state is IB group so,  Manganese can’t have +1
oxidation state  Can’t form XCl compound.

17  Choice A: (18Ar) 4s1 3d5

- Chromium at its atomic state
Can represent atom or ion❌

 Choice B :(18Ar) 4s2 3d6

- Iron at its atomic state
Can represent atom or ion ❌

 Choice C: (18Ar) 4s0 , 3d5

-Mn+2
-Fe+3
Can represent atom or ion ❌

 Choice d : (18Ar) 4s2 , 3d9

not found in nature✅

18 Click hints ‼

• brass alloy ➡ (Cu-Zn)

Try to answer this question again by yourself using this hint ❤

_____________
  The element (A) lies in group 3A Element (A) ➡ Aluminium .

 The element (B) form with tin bronze alloy

Bronze alloy is (Cu+Sn)
Element (B) ➡ Copper
   The element (C) used as a catalyst in ammonia industry.

 From uses of Iron metal that it is used as a catalyst in

manufacture of
ammonia in (Haber-Bosch) method.
Element (C) ➡ Iron

 The element (D) non-transition and found in d block.

Element (D) ➡ Zinc

brass alloy ➡ (Cu-Zn)

element (D) and element (B)

Choice A ✅

20 Element X  Chromium  [18Ar], 4s1, 3d5

Element Y  Manganese  [18Ar], 4s2, 3d5
Element Z  Zinc  [18Ar], 4s2, 3d10

25  Fe2O3 =zero
2(Fe) + (3X-2)
2Fe = 6
Fe = +3
—has 5 unpaired electrons

 Cuo=zero
Cux(-2)
Cu = +2
—-has one unpaired electron

 CrO=zero
Cr x (-2)
Cr =+2
——has 4 unpaired electrons
  MnO2 = 0
Mnx(-2x2)
Mn=+4
—has 3 unpaired electrons
 Cu has the lowest unpaired electrons —-> lowest magnetic
moment
————
Correct choice B✅

29 Attracted to external magnetic filled = para magnetic

 paramagnetic substances—-> Is the substance that
attracts to the external magnetic field, due to the presence
of unpaired electrons
 why attracted to external filled?
Bec have unpaired electrons in their orbitals (1), which forms a
magnetic field due to its spinning that attracts to external
magnetic field
————————
 CuSO4
Cu+(-2) = 0
Cu=+2
[Ar],3d9
-Has one unpaired electron = para
 ZnCl2
Zn+(-1x2)
Zn =+2
[Ar],3d10
-zero unpaired electrons =dia
 MnO2
Mn+(-2x2) = 0
Mn=+4
[Ar],3d4
—has 3 unpaired electrons
 Fecl3
Fe+(-1X3)
 Fe= +3
[Ar]3d5
-has 5 unpaired electrons
————-
Correct choice B✅

37 Coinage elements  Cu ,Ag ,Au

4A group  C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
Where Au and Pb lies in the same period  Forms Au2Pb alloy
which is intermetallic.
77  Choice A :
H2CrO4 :
(1×2) + Cr + (-2×4) =0
2 + Cr + (-8)=0
2 + Cr = 8
Cr = 6
Cr+6

 CrCl3 :
Cr + (-1×3)=0
Cr = 3
Cr+3

Cr+6 and Cr+3

Not the same oxidation state

Choice A is correct ✅

 Choice B
K2Cr2O7
(1×2) + Cr + (-2×7) =0
2 + 2Cr + (-14)=0
2 + 2Cr = 14
2Cr = 12
Cr = 6
  CrO3
Cr + (-2×3)=0
Cr = 6
Cr+6

Cr+6 and Cr+6

Have the same oxidation state

Choice B is excluded ❌

 Choice C :
K2Cr2O7
(1×2) + Cr + (-2×7) =0
2 + 2Cr + (-14)=0
2 + 2Cr = 14
2Cr = 12
Cr = 6
Cr+6

 K2CrO4
(1×2) + Cr + (-2×4) =0
2 + Cr + (-8)=0
2 + Cr = 8
Cr = 6
Cr+6

Cr+6 and Cr+6

Have the same oxidation state

Choice C is excluded ❌

80 Choice A is correct ✅
Oxidation state of Scandium is +3

Choice B is excluded ❌
 Oxidation states of chromium is (2,3,6)

Choice C is excluded ❌
Oxidation states of Cobalt is (2,3,4)

Choice D is excluded ❌
Oxidation states of vanadium is (2,3,4,5)

81 the metal here is chromium as it is used in metal plating and his

oxide (Cr2O3) is used in dyes 
atomic number of chromium is ( 24) so electronic configuration
will be
(Ar18 ,4S1, 3d5 )
as chromium have up normality in electronic configuration

82 We will choose choice (A) as both of them are transitions

elements so there atomic size is nearly equal ✅

83 When the oxidation number of the transition element is 2 ( which

can be deduced from the formula (AO) ) it was having 5
unpaired electrons so the only metal that can obey this
condition is Manganese as its electronic configuration in +2 ion is
Ar18 3d5 which contain 5 unpaired electrons.

84 The most active first transition element is scandium which have

only one oxidation state (+3).
85 85)First we will look in the choices for the element which its
oxidation state equal three as scandium has only one oxidation
state which is (+3) so the correct choice is choice b
86 86)Lets calculate the oxidation state of each compound   :
x> X2O5 since O =-2 then x here equal 5 ✅

Y>Y2O3 y here equal +3✅

Z> zo2 o = -2 then z = +4 ✅

 L> L2O l here = 1✅

So the correct arrangement is choice b ✅

87 87)since that element a has only one oxidation state which is
obviously(+3) so it must be scandium , and b is titanium , and c
is vanadium as it is mentioned in the question that they are
successive elements ,
So when looking at there magnetic moment we will find that  :
*Scandium ion has zero single electron so it magnetic moment
equal zero

*Titanium has two single electrons so its magnetic moment

equal two

*vanadium has 3 single electrons so it’s magnetic moment

equal three

So the correct arrangement is choice a ✅

88 88)let’s calculate there magnetic moment first  :
First compound   :
Fe2(So4)3 iron here is +3 so it’s magnetic moment equal 5 ( as
iron +3 its electronic configuration is Ar18 3d5 )

Second compound :

*Fecl2 iron here is +2 so it have 4 single electrons

Third compound  :

CoCl2 cobalt here is +2 so it has 3 single electrons

So the correct arrangement is choice b ✅

——————-
89 89)density is directly proportional with the atomic mass and the
 atomic mass is directly proportional with the atomic number so
when the atomic number increases the density increase
90 90)since that element e has abnormality in its atomic mass so it
must be nickel  
So the arrangement-of the elements are  
A= chromium
B= manganese
C= iron
D= cobalt
So the element which have anomalous electronic configuration
is chromium ✅
91 91 )since that element e has abnormality in its atomic mass so it
must be nickel  
So the arrangement-of the elements are  
A= chromium
B= manganese
C= iron
D= cobalt
So the element which is used to resist corrosion is chromium
which make a non pours layer that prevent oxygen from reacting
with the metal ✅
92 92 )since that element e has abnormality in its atomic mass so it
must be nickel  
So the arrangement-of the elements are  
A= chromium
B= manganese
C= iron
D= cobalt
The element that its isotopes used in radiation is cobalt ✅
93 93)manganese has the highest magnetic when it has 5 five
single electrons , so am looking for compound the oxidation
number of manganese in it is +2  
so the correct choice is d ✅
As the compound is MnSo4 which is used as fungicide  
94 94)lets take them choice by choice  :
 Choice A :
In CUSO4 the oxidation state of copper is +2.

BUT

CuO is not a colorless compound as its electronic configuration

is [Ar18,3d9] so it conatin one single electron so its paramagnetic
colored
So choice A is excluded  

Lets move to choice B  :

CuSO4 is used in purification of water  
CuO proves that copper is transition element( as from conditions
of transition elements that it must have at least single electron in
its atomic or ionic state )
CuO2 is diamagnetic as it doesn’t contain any single electrons
So choice b is correct ✅

Lets move to choice c :

CuSo4 is not a colorless compound as its paramagnetic and has

one single electron

So choice c is wrong  

Lets move to choice d  :

Cuo does prove that copper is transition element

So choice d is excluded
95 95)metal (m) reacts with Cl forming [Mcl4] so the element must
be titanium as it is the only transition metal with oxidation state
+4  
So lets move choice by choice  :
Choice A  :
 Its located in group 4B

Thats obviously right you can find it in the periodic table  

Choice B :

The element is diamagnetic and colorless in the most common

chloride

Yes , as the most common chloride is TiCl4 and in this case

titanium has lost all his 4 electrons so there is no any single
electrons  

Choice c :

The magnetic moment of element M in its atomic state equal 4

That’s obviously the wrong answer as in atomic state titanium

contain only two single electrons  

So the correct choice is choice c ✅

96 96) Element X is used widely in aerospace and lighting
applications, so this is obviously the uses of scandium   :
So for sure it cannot make an oxide XO as it has only one
oxidation state which is +3

So the correct choice is A ✅

97 97) The electronic configuration for the ion of a transition
element (X) in The compound (X2O) does not contains unpaired
electrons in the d-sublevel, so the element must be copper as
copper in oxidation state positive one does not have any single
electrons  
So the element can be found in group IB ✅

So the correct choice is B ✅

98 98) According to the following equation:
4K2Cr2O7  4K2CrO4 + 3O2 + 2X
When comparing the left hand side of the equation to the right
hand side we will find that  :
X must be Cr2O3 as it is the missing part

So The compound (X) is used in the industry of dyes ✅

So the correct choice is choice A ✅

99 99)about the graduation in atomic radius  :

The atomic radius decrease from sc to cr

And it is constant from cr to cu

So graph A must be the atomic radius graph ✅

About the nuclear charge  :

The nuclear charge increase when moving from left to right

So graph two must be nuclear charge graph ✅

Graduation of oxidation state we will find that manganese must

be +7 at its peak

So graph c must be the graduation of oxidation state ✅

So the correct choice is choice a ✅
100 100) All the following represents properties of most of the first
transition series elements, so lets move choice by choice  :

Choice A is obviously right as they are called paramagnetic due

to the presence of single electron in s and d sub-level ✅

Choice b they have high density because they have high atomic
mass mass and their radius are nearly constant ✅
 Choice c they are not ideal catalyst because of the easiness of
loosing electrons from s sub-level

Transition elements are considered as ideal catalyst.

Due to the presence of the 4s and 3d electrons which form
bonds between the atoms of the surface of the metal and the
reacting molecules leading to:
A. increasing the concentration of these molecules on the
surface of the catalyst
B. weakening the bond between the reactant molecules
So the correct choice is choice c ✅

122 Addition of dil sulphuric acid to iron II oxide :

FeO + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2O

Thermal decomposition of Iron II sulphate :

2FeSO4 —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

FeO ——> FeSO4 ——> Fe2O3

123 Acid formed from contact method = H2SO4

X is able to be oxidized thus we will exclude Fe2O3

X = Fe

Fe + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2

M = FeSO4

FeSO4 can undergo thermal decomposition

2FeSO4 —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
Y = Fe2O3

X (Fe) by oxidation —> Fe3O4

3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4
Z = Fe3O4  Choice a✅
124 More than 7000C  Produces Fe
700C
Fe2O3 + 3CO ———> 2Fe + 3CO2

C = Fe2O3
D = Fe

Fe oxidation can only yield Fe3O4

500C
3Fe + 2O2 ———> Fe3O4
A = Fe3O4

Fe3O4 reduction can yields FeO

Fe3O4 + H2 —> 3FeO + H2O
B = FeO

Choice b✅

125 Since substance X undergoes reduction forming FeO

So it can't be Fe or (COO)2Fe

Choices c and d are excluded❌

_____

Since substance Z undergoes reduction process forming Fe 3O4

So substance Z can't be FeO because FeO is already the reduced

form

Choice b❌
_____

Choice a✅
:
 •Fe3O4 undergoes reduction —> FeO
•FeO undergoes oxidation —> Fe2O3
•Fe2O3 by reduction at 230-300C —> Fe3O4

126 FeCl3 reaction with strong alkaline as NaOH :

FeCl3 + 3NaOH —> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

Thermal decomposition of Fe(OH)3 :

2Fe(OH)3 —> Fe2O3 + 3H2O

Reduction of Fe2O3 at 230 - 300C

3Fe2O3 + CO —> 2Fe3O4 + CO2

Choice b✅

127 FeO + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2O

Fe + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2

Result products : FeSO4 + H2 + H2O

Choice d✅
128
On heating iron in air magnetite is formed ⚫
3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4

Magnetite is charcterized by :
•Can be oxidized to Fe2O3  (when heated in air)
•Can be reduced to FeO
•Has magnetic properties
•It is black in colour

Choice✅
129 Hydrated iron III oxide (limonite) by roasting :

2Fe2O3.3H2O —> 2Fe2O3 + 3H2O

_____

Fe2O3 (Hematite ) by reduction in midrex furnace >700C :

2Fe2O3 + 3CO + 3H2 —> 4Fe + 3CO2 + 3H2O

_____

Addition of Sulphur

Fe + S —> FeS
_____

Choice a✅
130 Heating iron till redness in air :
•3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4

Reduction of hematite at 230-300C :

•3Fe2O3 + CO —> 2Fe3O4 + CO2

Reacting red hot iron with steam :

•3Fe + 4H2O —> Fe3O4 + 4H2

All the previous reactions yield Fe3O4

_____

Oxidation of ferrous oxide —> ferric oxide

2FeO + 1/2O2 —> Fe2O3

Choice c✅
131 1- Reaction of iron with halogen :
2Fe + 3Cl2 —> 2FeCl3

2-FeCl3 reaction with strong alkali as NaOH :

FeCl3 + 3NaOH —> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

3-Thermal decomposition of Fe(OH)3 :

2Fe(OH)3 —> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
_____

1-iron reaction with dil sulphuric acid :

Fe + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2

2-Thermal decomposition of Iron II sulphate :

2FeSO4 —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Choice d✅
132 Iron oxides with black colour : FeO and Fe3O4

FeO only reacts with Dilute sulphuric acid⚠

FeO + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2O

While magnetite requires conc sulphuric acid for the reaction to

occur
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O

Choice a✅
133 Black oxides : FeO and Fe3O4⚫

•FeO (Y) reacts with dil and conc acids

•Fe3O4 (X) reacts with conc acids

Red oxide (Z) : Fe2O3

______
 Hematite reduction in blast furnace >700C :
•Fe2O3 + 3CO —> 2Fe + 3CO2

Fe reaction with dil sulphuric acid :

•Fe + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2
_____

Choice c✅
134 Choice a❌
:

Reacting red hot iron with steam :

•3Fe + 4H2O —> Fe3O4 + 4H2

Reacting magnetite with conc hydrochloric acid :

Fe3O4 + 8HCl —> FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
_____

Choice b✅
:

Passing chlorine gas on red hot iron :

2Fe + 3Cl2 —> 2FeCl3 only
_____

Choice c❌
:

Thermal decomposition of Iron II sulphate :

2FeSO4 —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Reduction of Fe2O3 at 230 - 300C

3Fe2O3 + CO —> 2Fe3O4 + CO2

Reacting magnetite with conc hydrochloric acid :

Fe3O4 + 8HCl —> FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
_____
 Choice d❌
:

Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl —> FeCl2 + 2H2O

Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl —> FeCl3 + 3H2O
135 Fe + Conc HNO3 —> passivity (no reaction)
Removed by abrasion or dil HCl

Since no reaction happens with chlorine then passivity is present

and gases can't penetrate it

Choice b✅

136 Choice d✅
:

Reacting red hot iron with steam :

•3Fe + 4H2O —> Fe3O4 + 4H2

Reacting iron with hot air :

•3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4

The two compounds are the same (Fe3O4)

Thus magnetic moment is the same

137 Choice a❌
:
Oxidation of black iron oxide :
2Fe3O4 + 1/2O2 —> 3Fe2O3
Choice b✅
:

Reacting iron with hot air :

•3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4
_____

Choice c❌
:

Heating iron II oxalate in air :

 (COO)2Fe + O2 —> Fe2O3 + CO2 + CO
_____

Choice d❌
:

Thermal decomposition of Fe(OH)3 :

2Fe(OH)3 —> Fe2O3 + 3H2O

138
Thermal decomposition of Iron II sulphate (X) :
•2FeSO4 —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Heating of iron II oxalate (Y) in absence of air :

•(COO)2Fe —> FeO + CO2 + CO

Reacting iron with hot air :

•3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4

Choice c✅
139 Reduction of hematite at 230-300C :
•3Fe2O3 + CO —> 2Fe3O4 + CO2

Magnetite eeaction with conc sulphuric acid :

•Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O

Choice b✅

140 Yellow ore  Limonite Fe2O3.3H2O

Black ore with magentic properties⚫
 : Magnetite Fe3O4
_____

Hydrated iron III oxide (limonite ) by roasting :

•2Fe2O3.3H2O —> 2Fe2O3 + 3H2O

Reduction of hematite  at 230-300C :

 •3Fe2O3 + CO —> 2Fe3O4 + CO2
____

Choice b✅

141 Roasting magnetic iron oxide⚫:

•2Fe3O4 + 1/2O2 —> 3Fe2O3
_____
Fe2O3 = zero

O = -2
3O = -6

2Fe = +6
Fe = +3
_____

Choice b✅
:

Reaction of Iron with bromine :

•2Fe + 3Br2 —> 2FeBr3

As reaction of iron with chlorine (halogens)⚠

____

Br = -1
3Br = -3

Fe + -3 = Zero
Fe = +3
142 Acidified potassium dichromate = oxidizing agent⚠

Oxidation of iron II sulphate :

•6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4
—> K2SO4 + 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 7H2O
_____

Addition of ammonium hydroxide to Iron III sulphate :

•Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH
—> 2Fe(OH)3 + 3(NH4)2SO4

Its considered precipitation reaction as Fe(OH)3 is a reddish

brown precipitate ⚠

Choice c✅
Essay questions :
Question Answer
no.
143 Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is used as a catalyst in the
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
2H2O2 ⎯⎯ 2H2O + O2
Element X is Mn
Mn can make an alloy with transition element  substitution
alloy as Ferromanganese alloy
So element X is Mn and element Y is Fe
Mn: 18Ar ,4s2 ,3d5
Fe: 18Ar ,4s2 ,3d6
Y has a higher magnetic moment than X
X2O3  X3+  Mn3+ :18Ar ,4s0 ,3d4 Mn3+ has 4 unpaired electrons
Y2O3  Y3+  Fe3+ :18Ar ,4s0 ,3d5 Fe3+ has 5 unpaired electrons

144 X2+ has lost 2 electrons and has 3 electrons in d sublevel  total
number of electrons in 4s and 3d in atomic state = 5
X: 18Ar ,4s2 ,3d3  X is vanadium  X2+: 18Ar ,4s0 ,3d3
X can be vanadium.

145 3 unpaired electron in d sublevel can be d 3 and d7

X2+ has lost 2 electrons and has 3 unpaired electrons in d
sublevel  total number of electrons in 4s and 3d in atomic
state = 5 or 9
X: 18Ar ,4s2 ,3d3  X is vanadium  X2+: 18Ar ,4s0 ,3d3
X: 18Ar ,4s2 ,3d7  X is cobalt  X2+: 18Ar ,4s0 ,3d7
X can be vanadium or cobalt.

146 X and Y has lost 3 electrons in ionic state and has 3 unpaired
electrons
3 unpaired in d  3 electrons or 7 electrons
They can have total 1 in s and 5 in d electrons (3 lost and 3
 unpaired)
They can have total 2 in s and 8 in d electrons (3 lost and 3
unpaired)
They can be Nickel or Chromium
X2O3  X3+  Cr3+ :18Ar ,4s0 ,3d3 has 3 unpaired electrons
Y2O3  Y3+  Ni3+ :18Ar ,4s0 ,3d7 has 3 unpaired electrons
Nickel and chromium form Nickel - Chromium alloy 
substitutional alloy
It is is used in heating coils and electric furnaces.

147

(A)  Fe3O4

(B)  FeO
Compound (A)  Fe3O4 and (B)  FeO

148 Compound (A)  Fe3O4 and (B)  FeO

By using dil HCl
Fe3O4 + dil HCl  no reaction as it reacts with conc. Acids only.

149 Compound (A)  Fe3O4 and (B)  FeO

Both gives Fe2O3.

150 1- FeCl3
2- Fe(OH)3
3- Fe2O3
4- Fe
151 (A)
Can’t normally be oxidized  Fe2O3

(B)

Two different oxides  Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Sulphur trioxide

(SO3)
Compound B  FeSO4

(C)

Compound C  Fe(COO)2

(D)

Compound D  Fe2(SO4)3

152

SO2 turns a paper wet with K2Cr2O7 into green.

X  FeSO4
Y  Fe2O3
FeSO4  Fe2+: 18Ar ,4s0 ,3d6 has 4 unpaired electrons
Fe2O3  Fe3+: 18Ar ,4s0 ,3d5 has 5 unpaired electrons
 Arrange ascendingly  X then Y  FeSO4 then Fe2O3
153 A: mixture  steel  interstitial alloy
B: compound  iron carbide (Cementite)  intermetallic alloy
Alloy A: Fe + C
HCl reacts with Fe giving Fe2+ salt and doesn’t react with C
C + dil HCl  no reaction
Fe + dil 2HCl  FeCl2 + H2
 Exam 4

Question no. Answer Question no. Answer

1 B 26 A

2 D 27 A

3 C 28 A

4 B 29 C

5 C 30 C

6 D 31 C

7 D 32 A

8 B 33 C

9 D 34 C

10 B 35 C

11 D 36 A

12 C 37 A

13 D 38 B

14 D 39 C

15 D 40 A

16 D 41 C

17 C 42 C

18 B 43 A

19 C 44 C

20 A 45 D

21 A 46 C

22 A 47 STEPS
 23 D 48 STEPS

24 B 49 STEPS

25 A 50 STEPS

Detailed answers:

1 B

Brass alloyZinc + copper

30 Zn:[Ar],4s2,3d10

2 D

During extraction of iron from hematite:

1]In blast furnace:

Reduction of hematite occurs by using carbon monoxide (obtained from

coke).

So choice a and b are used 

2]In midrex furnace:

Reduction of hematite occurs by using carbon monoxide and hydrogen

(water gas)(obtained from methane gas)

So choice c is used 

But choice d

Which is sulphur trioxide isn’t used in extraction of iron from hematite. 

3 C
 First we write the electronic configuration of chromium atom

Remember that:

Chromium is one of the elements which has abnormal electronic

configuration.

24 Cr: [Ar],4s1,3d5

Then write the electronic configuration of chromium ion

Cr+1: [Ar],4s0,3d5

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Cr+ has 5 unpaired electrons in d-sublevel

Choice c is correct 

4 B

Iron reacts with chlorine giving iron III salt

FeCl3 is the product of the reaction

 Choice a describes FeCl3 :

(26Fe3+) : [Ar], 3d5

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Since Fe3+ has unpaired electrons in d sublevel  Therefore,FeCl3 is

paramagnetic.

 Choice b doesn’t describe FeCl3 :

When FeCl3 reacts with NH4OH , Fe(OH)3(S) ↓ which is a reddish brown ppt
not white green.
  Choice c describes FeCl3 :

FeCl3 + 3NH4SCN  Fe(SCN)3 + 3NH4Cl

Fe(SCN)3 has blood red color

 Choice d describes FeCl3 :

Remember in organic part 2 that:

FeCl3 reacts with phenol giving violet color, so it is used to detect the
presence of phenol.

5 C

Heating iron in air till redness yields Fe3O4 (magnetite/mixed oxide)

 Fe3O4 reacts with concentrated acids giving both iron II and iron III
salts and water.

Choice c is correct 

6 D

Remember that:

Transition elements have high melting and boiling points.

  Therefore elements P and Q aren’t transition elements  
because they have low melting point

All transition elements are good conductors of heat and electricity.

 Therefore, element R isn’t a transition element  because it’s a

bad conductor.
 Choice D is correct:

S and T have high melting points

Good conductors of electricity

So, they’re transition elements.

7 D

Remember the difference between :

 Iron salt  FeCl2, FeCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3

 Iron oxide  FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3
 Iron hydroxide  Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3

We must try each choice

 Choice a is excluded :

Because compound X can’t be iron oxide, as iron oxides can’t react with
NH4OH giving iron hydroxides.

Also compound Y can’t be iron hydroxide, as iron hydroxide gives iron

oxide by heating not iron salts.
  Choice b is excluded :

Because compound X can’t be iron hydroxide, as iron hydroxides can’t

react with NH4OH.

Also compound Y can’t be iron oxide, as iron oxides don’t give iron
hydroxide by heating.

 Choice c is excluded :

Because compound X can’t be iron hydroxide, as iron hydroxides can’t

react with NH4OH.

Also compound Y can’t be iron oxide, as iron oxides don’t give iron salts
by heating

 Choice d is correct :

(Compound X) is iron salt which reacts with NH4OH giving iron

hydroxide FeCl3

(compound Y) which gives iron oxide (Compound Z) by heating 

Compound (Y) is Fe(OH)3 , compound (Z) is Fe2O3

Equations :

Starting from compound (X) :

Compound (X) Compound (Y)

Reversed equation :

Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl  FeCl3 + 3H2O

Compound (Y) Compound (X)

 Compound (Y) Compound (Z)

Compound (Z) Compound (X)

8 B

Electronic configuration of iron atom

26 Fe: [Ar], 3d5

↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Then write the electronic configuration of iron ion

Fe3+: [Ar], 3d5

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

 Therefore, ion A is Fe3+

Electronic configuration of Chromium atom

Cr24:[Ar],4s1,3d5

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Then write the electronic configuration of chromium ion

Cr2+:[Ar],4s0,3d4
 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

 Therefore, ion B is Cr2+

9 D

Remember that:

First analytical group (Ag+ , Hg+ ,Pb2+) can be detected by Dil. HCl

Dil HCl can detect CO3-2,HCO3-,SO3-2,S-2,S2O3-2,NO2- as it’s more stable

than the acids from which these ions are derived.

 Therefore , choice d is correct

 choice B is excluded :

Cu2+ isn’t from 1st analytical group

 choice A & C are excluded :

As HCl can’t detect Br- & PO4-3

10 B
Edit : Molarity of sodium hydroxide Acid(H2SO4) Base(NaOH)
is 1.47M Ma=X Mb=1.47M

Va=1.5x10-3 Vb=23.7x10-3

na=1 nb=2

Car battery  Lead-acid battery

Acid used in lead-acid batteryH2SO4
H2SO4+ 2NaOHNa2SO4+2H2O
 𝐌𝐚 𝐱 𝐕𝐚 𝐌𝐛 𝐱 𝐕𝐛
=
𝐧𝐚 𝐧𝐛

𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝐱 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝐱𝟏𝟎
=
𝟏 𝟐

Ma=11.613M

11 D
Mass Na2CO3
%of sodium carbonate = 𝑥100
mass total(impure sample)

Acid(H2SO4) Base(Na2CO3)

Ma=0.25M No of moles of
base
Va= 35x10-3

na=1 nb=1

𝐌𝐚 𝐱 𝐕𝐚 𝐧𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬
=
𝐧𝐚 𝐧𝐛

0.25x35x10 − 3 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
=
1 1
No of moles of sodium carbonate= 8.75x10 -3
𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬
𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 =
𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬
mass
8.75𝑥10 = = 0.9275
(2𝑥23) + 12 + (3𝑥16)

%of sodium carbonate= 𝑥100

( )
 .
%of sodium carbonate = 𝑥100=84.32%
.

12 C

Na2CO3.XH2O=250g/mol

Since molar mass of Na2CO3=106

XH2O=250-106=144

X18=144

X=8

13 D

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Acid(HCl) Base(NaOH)

Ma=1M Mb=1M

Va=10x10-3 =0.01L Vb=5x10-3 =0.005L

na=1 nb=1

𝐌𝐚 𝐱 𝐕𝐚 𝐌𝐛 𝐱 𝐕𝐛
∶
𝐧𝐚 𝐧𝐛
𝟏 𝐱 𝟎.𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝐱 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓
∶ (dividing by 0.005) → 2 : 1
𝟏 𝟏

Before adding NaOH , he added drops of methyl orange to the acid(HCl)

And we know that methyl orange with acid gives red color, after that he
added the base(NaOH) and the ratio between the acid and base → 2:1

Which means that the solution still acidic and the red color still present
in the solution.  So,choice d is correct.
14 D

Reaction of magnetic iron oxide(Fe3O4) with hot concentrated sulphuric

acid(H2SO4):

Fe3O4(s) + 4H2SO4(L) → FeSO4(aq) + Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4H2O(L)

FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3 are the products of the reaction.

By adding NaOH to both:

FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2(S) ↓ + Na2SO4

Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH → 2Fe(OH)3(S) ↓+ 3Na2SO4

Two precipitates are produced Fe(OH)2(S) ↓ which is a green ppt. and

Fe(OH)3(S) ↓ which is a reddish brown ppt.

And we know that these ppts. Are soluble in acids

So, choice d is correct.

15 D

We know that sodium (Na+) always soluble in water so, sodium nitrate
can't be ppt. it is soluble in water.

PAS  Potassium, ammonium,sodium salts are soluble in water.

So, choice d is correct.

 Choice a is excluded:

Barium sulphate is a ppt. and it prepared by precipitation:

Na2SO4 + BaCl2→ 2NaCl + BaSO4(s) ↓

 Choice b is excluded:

Magnesium carbonate is a ppt. because any metal carbonates are

 water insoluble except 3PAS (potassium , ammonia and sodium)

And it prepared by precipitation(confirmatory test of (CO3)2-):

Na2CO3 + MgSO4 → Na2SO4 + MgCO3(s) ↓

 Choice c is excluded:

We know that silver ion(Ag+) from the first analytical group and when it
reacts with chloride ion(Cl-) it forms silver chloride(AgCl) which is a
ppt.

16 D

(28M2+) : [Ar], 3d8 → 26 electrons

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑

Element M → (28M) : [Ar], 4s2, 3d8 → Ni

 So, choice d is correct

 Choice a is excluded:

(26Fe2+) : [Ar], 3d6 → 24 electrons

↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

 Choice b is excluded:

(30Zn2+) : [Ar], 3d10 → 28 electrons

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓

 Choice c is excluded:

(27Co2+) : [Ar], 3d7 → 25 electrons

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
17 C

The factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions → NCTPLC

So, calcium carbonate powder makes the reaction faster so Curve (c)
must be experiment 3 [ ‫]اﻻقرب هو اﻻسرع‬

 Rate of reaction : Curve c > Curve B > Curve A

Curve (C)  powder  Experiment 3

Curve (B)  Small pieces  Experiment 2

Curve (A)  Large pieces  Experiment 1

So, choice c is correct.

 Choice b is excluded:

Calcium carbonate in form of small pieces(EXP.2) makes the reaction

slower than calcium carbonate in form of powder(EXP.3) so,
experiment 2 must be curve(b) not curve(a)

 Choice a is exculded:

Calcium carbonate in form of large pieces(EXP.1) makes the reaction

slower than calcium carbonate in form small pieces(EXP.2) so,
experiment 1 must be curve(a) not curve(c).

18 B

Forward direction → large Kc

(forward ‫ كبيرة يعني اكتر واحد يمشي‬product ‫ كبيرة يعني‬Kc)

So, choice b is correct. Because its reaction has the largest Kc=3.7x10 8
19 C

Catalyst affects the rate of forward and backward at the same time by
the same proportion but it decreases the time needed to reach
equilibrium as it decreases the activation energy.

So, choice c is correct

20 A

Highest electrical conductivity → completely ionized in the

solution(strong electrolyte )

So,choice a is correct because HCl is a strong electrolyte.

Choices (b),(c) and (d) are excluded:

HNO2 , H3BO3 and HCOOH all are weak electrolytes not strong.

21 A

Ka = 1x10-5 , Ca = 0.1M , α = ??

𝐊𝐚
Degree of ionization = α =
𝐂𝐚

𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝟓
= = 10-2
𝟎.𝟏

So,choice a is correct.

22 A

Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2OH-

(X) (X) (2X)

Ksp = [Mg2+][OH-]2
 = [X][2X]2 = [X][4X2] = 4X3

Solubility degree=X= 1.2x10-4

Ksp = 4x(1.2x10-4)3 = 6.9x10-12

So, choice a is correct.

23 D

Activation energy becomes smaller when substance X was added 

Then substance X must be a catalyst , as we know that the main role of
catalyst is to decrease the activation energy of the reaction and
increase the rate of chemical reaction so the reaction becomes faster.

So,choice d is correct

24 B

The factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions → NCTPLC

But Pressure affects only on : “The 3 conditions must be found”

1- Gaseous reaction.

2- Reversible reactions.

3- No. of moles of gases in reactants must be different from no. of moles

of gases in products.

H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O

And this reaction is not a gaseous reaction

So,choice b is correct as pressure doesn’t affect it.

- While choice a, c and d affects the rate of any reaction.

25 A

When we add N2O4 to a flask at constant temperature, it will form 2NO 2

spontaneously as shown in the equation

N2O4(g) ⇄ 2NO2(g)

(Colorless) (reddish brown)

As shown in the Graph

At the start of the reaction the

-Concentration of products (NO2) started

from Zero

Ay 5att nazel  Reactant, Ay 5att tale3  Product

So, by adding N2O4 which is reactant  the reaction shifted forward

automatically to form (NO2)  Reddish brown color increases  the
color become darker.

Choice A is correct.

26 A

At the beginning of the reaction :

[H+] = [HCl] = 0.5M

The number of moles of hydrogen ions present = no. of moles of HCl =

MV = 0.5×20×10-³=0.01 mole.

[OH-] = [NaOH] = 0.3M

The number of moles of hydroxide ions present = no. of moles of NaOH =

 MV = 0.3×30×10-³= 0.009mole.

 No. of moles of H+ > no. of moles of OH-  Excess of H+ ions

 Then number of moles of remained H+ after neutralization =
0.01 – 0.009 = 0.001 mol.

 Total Volume= 30ml+20ml = 50mL = 0.05L

.
Hence, the hydrogen ion concentration remaining =

= 0.001/50×10-³ =0.02M

Hence, the pH of the solution is =−log[H +]=−log[0.02]=1.7

Choice A is correct.

27 Ksp is defined as the product of the equilibrium concentration of ions,

each raised to a power that is its coefficient in the balanced chemical
equation.

For the general equation,

AaBb(s) ⇌ aA+b(aq) + bB-a(aq)

Ksp expression of a sparingly soluble ionic compound AaBb can be written

as :

Ksp = [A+b]a [B-a]b

So for this reaction :

Sr3(PO4)2 ⇄ 3Sr2+ + 2PO4 3–

Ksp expression of a sparingly soluble ionic compound Sr 3(PO4)2 can be

written as

Ksp = [Sr2+]3 [PO4 3– ]2

Choice A is correct.
28 A

Ionization of water

H2O  H+ + OH-

H2O  Reactants

[H+] & [OH-]  Products

On adding KOH to water it will ionize to produce K+ & OH-

Ionization of KOH

KOH  K+ + OH-

Then it will produce more [OH-] in the solution, So concentration of [OH-

] increases

By increasing the [OH-](products), The reaction shifts backward (to the

left) to form H2O

By shifting the reaction backward, the concenctraion of products

decrease and conc. of reactants increase

Conc of [H+] decrease

Choice A

29 C

 The anode in galvanic cell  It acts as negative electrode 

undergoes oxidation process.

 The anode in electrolytic cell  It acts as positive electrode  At
 which oxidation takes place.

Or To it oxidation process occurs

(the oxidation occurs to the anode itself while using active metals or the
anions go to the anode and the oxidation occurs to it ).

So, it’s clear that Choice C is correct.

30 C

Mg/Mg+2 // Fe+2 / Fe

Mg  Mg+2

 Magnesuim oxidation state increased from 0  2 , then it has lost

2 electrons  Anode

Fe+2  Fe0

 While Iron, its oxidation state decreased from 2  0 , then it has

gained 2 electrons  Cathode.

Mg + Fe+2  Fe + Mg+2

Choice C is correct.

31 C

Reaction of discharging of lead acid battery

PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb → 2PbSO4+2H2O

 Choice A : excluded

As shown in the equation lead sulphate is formed not pure lead.

 Choice B : Excluded

PbSO4 is form the products of the reaction so it is formed not consumed.

  Choice C : Correct

As shown in the equation H2SO4 is from the reactants so it will react and
its concentration decrease with another meaning it will be consumed.

Correct

32 A

We must use the rule of the quantity of electricity to get the time:

Q=Intensity x time

(I) current intensity is given in the question= 3A

So, we need to know the (Q) to get the value of (Time) in seconds

So we will solve it using this relation

96500 C  Equivalent Mass

Q C  Mass ppt

1 mole of water  18gm

X mole of water  36gm

X = 2 moles of water.

2H2O  2H2 + O2

2 moles of hydrogen gas are produced  2x(1x2) = 4gm

96500 C  eq. mass = 1 gm

QC  4 gm

Q= 386000

Q= Intensity × time

386000 =3A × time

Time =128666.66 sec  Time in hour = 128666.66/60×60 = 35.74 h

33 C

Fe+2 + 2 e-→ Fe E°=-0.44V (Reduction potential)

Zn+2+2e- → Zn E°=-0.76V (Reduction potential)

Fe Zn

Oxidation 0.44V 0.76V

potential

Reduction -0.44V -0.76V

potential

Oxidation potential of Zn is higher than that of Fe

So,

Zn  anode

Fe  the cathode

Zn +Fe+2→ Fe + Zn+2

The emf of the cell=oxidation of anode + reduction cathode

=0.76 + (-0.44) =0.32 V

Choice C is correct
34 C

Daniel cell 

As shown in the figure

Zinc acts as anode

Copper acts as cathode

Lets try each choice

 Choice A : Excluded

Incorrect choice because

electrons transfer from anode to cathode and as shown in the figure
electrons transfers from Zinc to Copper.

 Choice B : Excluded

-Anions of salt bridge moves towards anode and cations moves

towards cathode.

And he said in the question that that anions transfers into copper
electrode (Cathode) .

 Choice C : Correct

Cations moves towards copper which acts as cathode electrode

 Choice d : Excluded

As electrons transfers in the external wire from Anode (Zinc electrode)

to the cathode (Copper electrode)

So, this choice is wrong because it says that Zinc electrode represents
cathode.

35 Electrons moves from Anode to Cathode

• Anode is the more active metal

• Cathode is the less active metal

  At the (X)(Y) cell :

-Electrons moves from (X) to (Y)

-(X) is anode It is more active than (Y)

 At the (Y)(Z) cell :

-Electrons moves from (Y) to (Z)

-(Y) is anode It is more active than (Z)

So their arrangement in activity is :

Metal(X) > Metal (Y) > Metal (Z)

 When you look at the electromotive series, you can observe that
Zn  Pb  Cu

(X) is Zinc  (Y) is lead  (Z) is copper Cu

Choice c is correct.
36 A

Product of toluene oxidation  benzoic acid

So, ester(A) must be obtained from benzoic acid

By ammonolysis of ester(A) compound (c) is produced which is

aromatic compound with acidic properties.

And we know that in ammonolysis the products must be alcohol or

phenol and acid amide.

So, compound(c)must be phenol and compound(B) must be

benzamide

Because by ammonolysis of phenyl benzoate ester will give phenol

and benzamide

So, ester(A) must be phenyl benzoate

 So, choice a is correct

37 A

C8H10  Ethyl benzene

Choice A :
  Choice B:

 Choice C :

 Choice D :

Correct Answer: Choice A

B
CH3CH(CH3)COOH  CH3-CH-COOH
38
|
CH3
It has functional group COOH  It is an acid
Longest carbon chain contain 3 carbons  propanoic acid
It has methyl branch at carbon number 2  2-methyl propanoic acid

Choice B
39 C
Order of acidity :
1- Inorganic acids
2- Aromatic carboxylic acids
3- Aliphatic carboxylic acids
4- Phenol
5- Alcohol (neutral)
So,
 Choice a  phenol
 Choice b  Acetic acid “Aliphatic carboxylic acid”
 Choice c  Benzoic acid “Aromatic carboxylic acid”
 Choice d  Ethyl alcohol
So, the most acidic one is benzoic acid.

40 A

41 C

Reaction of Tertiary butyl bromide with KOH yields 2-methyl-2-

propanol

CH3 CH3
| |
CH3-C-CH3 + KOH → CH3-C-CH3 + KBr
| |
Br OH
42 C

You can obtain aromatic benzene form benzaldehyde through these

the following steps

1) Oxidation of benzaldehyde “equation is for illustration only”

2) Neutralization of benzoic acid

3) Dry distillation of sodium benzoate

43 A

Oxidation of aldehyde gives Carboxylic acid

 CHOICE B:

CH3(CH2)5CH2OH  Alcohol  Excluded

 CHOICE C:

CH3(CH2)4COCH3  Ketone  Excluded

  CHOICE D:

C4H9OC3H7  ether  Excluded

 CHOICE A :

CH3(CH2)5COOH  Acid

CORRECT ANSWER

44 C

Oxidation of

1. 1ry Alcohol —(O)—>Aldehyde—(O)—>Acid

2. 2ry Alcohol —(O)—>Ketone

3. 3ry alcohol —(O)—> No oxidation takes place

- Choice A:

CH3CH2CH2CHO  Aldehyde  Can be oxidized into carboxylic acid.

- Choice B :

CH3CH2CH2OH—(O)—>CH3CH2CHO—(O)—>CH3CH2COOH

Primary alcohol  Can be oxidized.

EXCLUDED

- Choice C :

CH3
|
CH3-C-OH —(O)—> NO OXIDATION TAKES PLACE  Tertiary alcohol
|
CH3
CORRECT ANSWER
 - Choice d : excluded

H3C-CH-OH  Secondary alcohol  Can be oxidized into ketone

CH3

45 D

 Nitration of phenol yields Picric acid

 Chlorination of phenol it yields 2,4,6-trichloro phenol

46 C

CH2=CH-CH=CH2  It contains two double bond  Choice A excluded.

As it contains double bonds it can form polymer by addition

polymerization  Choice B is excluded
 As it is unsaturated contains 2 double bonds it can reacts with HBr by
addition reaction  Choice D excluded

All organic Compounds are inflammable so, choice c contains wrong

information  Correct answer

47 KBr+AgNO3→KNO3+AgBr↓

AgBr -------------------> Br

MM=108+79.9=187.9 MM=79.9

4.6gm X gm

X=79.9x4.6/187.9 =1.956 gm

Percentage of Br=(Mass Br/Mass total )x 100

= 1.956/4 x 100 =48.9%

48 2Fe + 3Cl2 →2 FeCl3

(X) → FeCl3

Fe + HNO3→No Reaction due to passivity

Acid (Y ) →NITRIC ACID (HNO3)

1)

FeCl3 + 3NH4SCN ⇄ Fe(SCN)3 + 3NH4Cl

Fe(SCN)3  Blood red colour solution

 2)

C7H5N3O6→Trinitrotoluene

NITRATION OF TOLUENE :

49 Oxidation potential of metal (A) is higher than that of metal (B)

SO (A) IS THE ANODE AND (B) IS THE CATHODE

Metal A Metal B

Oxidation +0.7V -0.4V

potential

Reduction -0.7V 0.4V

potential

1) EMF = OXIDATION OF ANODE + REDUCTION OF CATHODE

= 0.7+0.4= 1.1 V

2)Metal A is Monovalent

Metal B is divalent

Cell Diagram: 2A0/2A+1 // B+2/B0

2x+1=2 1x+2=2

Number of electrons lost must be equal number of electrons gained

 2NaOH+H2SO4Na2SO4+2H2O
50 ACID BASE
=
Ma = 0.1M Mb =?
.
= Va=18X10-3 L Vb=25X10-3L
na =1 nb=2
Mb=0.144 M

NO OF MOLES =CONC x VOL=0.144 X 1 = 0.144MOL

NO OF MOLES =

0.144=MASS/23+16+1 = MASS/40

MASS=5.76 gm

% of NaOH = MASS OF NaOH/MASS TOTAL X 100

.
= X 100 = 96%