DEFINITION

So infectious disease means that the disease is caused by any causative

agent, such as a virus, bacteria, parasite, or fungus, and it basically
means that any foreign body entered our body and released toxins later
on to fight the host cells or that body's cells wherever they are in the
body depending on where they are. It has different symptoms
depending on the kind, but it usually causes fever, nausea, vomiting,
skin rashes, itching, coughing, sneezing, and diarrhea.

TYPES OF DISEASES

So when we talk about those types of diseases, we have to include

diseases like flu, UTI or urinary tract infection, pneumonia, TB or
tuberculosis, common cold which is very common everywhere, human
papillomavirus which causes warts which are not cancerous but are an
abnormal skin growth, Malaria which is caused by mosquitos and
causes high fever, HIV/AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
which is an STD (sexually transmitted disease).

HIV/AIDS

So one of the most well-known is HIV/AIDS, which is caused by a virus

called lentivirus that, as previously said, is spread through sexual
contact, Mother-to-child contact during pregnancy and nursing,
contaminated blood, sharing needles, and drug use. So it can be
transmitted in a variety of ways, and because it attacks the body's
immune system, specifically white blood cells, and reduces their
number, the body becomes more vulnerable and susceptible to a
variety of other diseases such as cytomegalovirus, some cancers, or
infections from other types of viruses, fungi, and protozoa. So these
patients are also at risk if they have other sexually transmitted illnesses
such as herpes type 2, gonorrhea, or syphilis.

TUBERCULOSIS -TB

Another common infectious disease is tuberculosis (TB), which mostly

affects the lungs and is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Most of the time, there are no symptoms, which is known
as latent infection. About 10% of those latent infections become active,
and if not treated properly, it can kill nearly half of those infected. If it is
persistent, it will induce a bloody cough with mucus, fever, cold sweats,
and weight loss. It is communicated through the air from one person to
another by persons who do not have a latent infection but an active
form of tuberculosis.