21 - Environmental Control

TRAINING PUBLICATION PMC-3C-A0126-AF001-00
CHAPTER
21
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
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SECTION 00
GENERAL
3C-A-21-00-00-00A-049A-T FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY 2015-03-18 Page: 1

VENTILATION SYSTEM monitored by a dedicated low speed detector that, in case of failure,
activates an optional caution light “EFIS FAN” installed on the instrument
The ventilation system consists of: panel.
COCKPIT VENTILATION / WINDSHIELD DEFOGGING SYSTEM
A109S
The system consists mainly of an air intake located on the nose section in
The Avionic Ventilation System is composed of Two fans installed
front of the crew compartment, from the air intake ram air is ducted to:
underneath the instrument panel, one on the pilot end one on the co-pilot
• two diffusers for the cockpit side, providing forced air to cool the Astronautics EFIS system. Each fan is
• two for windshield defogging monitored by a dedicated low speed detector that, in case of failure,
two diffusers for the lower part of the crew compartment activates the dedicated “EFIS FAN” caution message on the primary EDU.
•
• two diffusers for the passenger compartment.
AW109SP
two additional Crew Upper Left and Right Air Diffusers blow air coming from
Two fan assemblies installed underneath the instrument panel, one on the
the passenger ventilation system.
pilot end one on the co-pilot side, provide forced air to cool the Chelton EFIS
The air flow from the nose air intake is controlled by the gate valve, installed
system.
in the air mixing box, mechanically connected to the VENT Control Knob on
On the co-pilot side the assembly includes one single fan with the low speed
the cockpit pilot side. The air flow from the nose air intake can be increased
detector for both PFD and MFD.
by means of an electrical fan installed between the air intake and the air
On the pilot side the assembly includes two fans: one for the PFD and one
mixing box. The VENT CKPT toggle-type circuit breaker, on the pilot side of
for the MFD each one with the dedicated low speed detector.
the overhead central panel, controls the electrical fan.
In case of failure (low speed detected) of one or more fans, an “EFIS FAN”
Electrical power is provided by the 28 VDC BUS # 2, through the dedicated
caution message will be activated on the primary EDU.
circuit breaker.
RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENTS COOLING SYSTEM

PASSENGER COMPARTMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM
On the A 109E King avionics suite and on the A109S, a single fan, installed
The system consists of an air scoop located on the upper deck and
in the nose compartment, provides forced air to the radio navigation
connected to a flexible duct, installed on the ceiling of the compartment, that
equipments trough flexible tubes as follow:
has four upper diffusers, two on each side of the cabin. The diffusers are
manually controlled in flow and direction. Drain lines are installed in order to • 109E king avionic suite: NAV /COM1, NAV/COM2, ADF
drain outside condensed water. • 109S Garmin – King avionic suite: NAV/COM/GPS1, NAV/COM/GPS2,
ADF.
AVIONIC VENTILATION SYSTEM
A109E
The Avionic Ventilation System is composed of Two fans installed
underneath the instrument panel, one on the pilot end one on the co-pilot
side, providing forced air to cool the Astronautics EFIS system. Each fan is

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01220-A-02-1
AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01219-A-02-1
AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01224-A-01-1
A109E EFIS VENTILATION SYSTEM

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01223-A-01-1
A109S EFIS VENTILATION SYSTEM

VENTILATION SYSTEMS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
• VENT CKPT selector: three position switch located on the (pilot side)
overhead console:
- OFF: the cockpit ventilating fan is deenergized
- LOW: the cockpit ventilating fan operating at low speed
- HIGH: the cockpit ventilating fan is operating at maximum speed.
• VENT Control knob: When pulled, opens the gate valve of the air
mixing box permitting ram air, from the nose air intake, to enter the
cockpit and the passenger compartment.
• COCKPIT FAN caution message: In view on the EDU, on the A109SP
only, when the cockpit fan is switched-on and non operating.
• EFIS FAN CAUTION MESSAGE: in view on the A109S and AW109SP,
Failure of one or both EFIS cooling fans.
• VENT ON advisory message: In view on the EDU 2 when the cockpit
ventilation is switched-on and operating.
• CAUTION LIGHT: the light is installed on the A109E only instrument
panel, in case of failure of one or both EFIS cooling fans. This light is
an optional installation only if the EFIS Astronautics suite is installed.

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01221-A-04-1
VENTILATION SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

ICN-3C-A-210000-G-A0126-01222-A-01-1
A109E EFIS VENTILATION SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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SECTION 40
HEATING

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION and the complete housing of the valve are also under pressure. This
pressure and the force of the spring keep the valve closed. When the
Heating in the cockpit and passenger compartment is obtained by mixing hot solenoid is energized, the chamber A returns to ambient pressure while in
air taken from the bleed air ports of both engines, with outside air, taken the housing, the pressure is the same as the inlet air pressure. The pressure
from an airscoop. is applied to surfaces of different sides thus generating force that overcomes
the force of the spring and opens the valve.
The bleed air heater consists of two engine bleed air P3 ports, two shut-off
valves and a mixing valve.
MIXING VALVE
Bleed air and outside air are conveyed into the mixing valve. A temperature
sensor determines the mixing ratio to produce the desired cabin The mixing valve provides mixing of hot air, bleeded from the engines, with
temperature. cold ram air supplied through the airscoop. The valve is controlled by an
electrical solenoid, operated by a switch installed on the right side of the
The sensor is controlled by the TEMP CONT manual control knob located on overhead console. Hot air and ram air mixture is controlled by the
the RH side of the overhead panel. temperature sensor.
An overtemperature switch protects the system if the temperature of the

mixed air should exceed 127°C. The heating system is controlled by three FLAPPER VALVE
switches on the overhead console pilot side.
The flapper valve it is used to convey the air provided by the heater to the
The SHUT-OFF # 1 and # 2 switches control the shut-off valves installed in upper ventilation ducts (A109S/AW109SP) for cabin windshields defrost or
the bleed air supply lines. to the lower cabin ventilation system.The valve is controlled by a control
knob installed on the right side of the overhead console.
The MIX switch controls the solenoid fitted on the mixing valve. The system
is electrically powered by 28 V DC #°2 bus bar thru the HTR toggle type
circuit breaker.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The temperature sensor is mounted on the top of the plenum chamber. The
ENGINE BLEED AIR CIRCUIT temperature sensor, is based on a thermal expansion element. It discharges
The engine bleed air circuit supplies compressed air from the engines to the hot air from the mixing valve inlet port, altering the valve internal pressure
mixing valve. From the bleed air connection of each engine, the compressed and adjusting the mixed air flow through the valve. The temperature sensor
(hot) air is conveyed through two lines and two shut-off valves to an Y- is controlled by a knob, installed on the right side of the overhead panel,
shaped tube, then is supplied to the mixing valve through a tube protected through a flexible cable. Operation range is between 18 and 113°C (±5°C).
and insulated by means of a flexible duct.
Each shut-off valve is provided with a non-return device and an electrically OVERTEMPERATURE SWITCH
operated solenoid, controlled by a switch installed on the right side of the
overhead console. The overtemperature switch installed in the plenum chamber, prevents
system overheating. If temperature in the plenum chamber exceed 127°C,
the switch through a relay, removes the electrical power supply from the
SHUT-OFF VALVE system.
The shut-off valve is a pneumatic, solenoid operated, valve. When the
solenoid is de-energized and the inlet port is under pressure, the chamber A

DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT
The mixing valve is directly connected to the cabin ventilating-windshield
defogging lower distribution and the upper ventilation ducts system (A109S/
AW109SP).

ICN-3C-A-214000-G-A0126-01225-B-04-1
A109E - BLEED AIR HEATING SYSTEM – SCHEMATIC

ICN-ZK-A-214000-G-A0126-01222-A-06-1
A109S/AW109SP - BLEED AIR HEATING SYSTEM – SCHEMATIC

ICN-3C-A-214000-G-A0126-01223-A-02-1
HEATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION (A109E ONLY)

ICN-ZK-A-214000-G-A0126-01223-A-03-1
HEATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION (A109S/AW109SP)

ICN-ZK-A-214000-G-A0126-01226-A-02-1
SHUT-OFF VALVE

1. Bleed
2. Spring Loaded Valve
3. Pressure
2
ICN-ZK-A-214000-G-A0126-01227-A-01-1
MIXING VALVE

ICN-3C-A-214000-G-A0126-01228-A-02-1
ENGINE BLEED AIR CIRCUIT

HEATING SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS • opens the flapper valve permitting the
air to enter the upper and lower
The heating system controls are:
cockpit and passenger compartment
• HTR switch: a two positions (ON/OFF) toggle type circuit breaker that ducts.
controls the operation of the Heating System.
• SHUT-OFF # 1 and SHUT-OFF # 2, two positions (ON/OFF) switches,
they control the operation of the Engine Compressor bleed air shut-off ........................................
valves
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER CONTROL PANEL: pushing the S/OFF fire
• MIXING VALVE, two position (ON/OFF) switch, that control the illuminated button, the SHUT-OFF valves close to avoid smoke
operation of the mixing valve located inside the mixing unit ingestion.
• TEMP CONT knob, it adjusts the temperature of the heated air entering
the cabin
• VENT, two positions (FRESH AIR, HEAT/COND) Control knob, when
pulled it opens the gate valve of the nose air mixing box permitting the
fresh air to enter the cockpit and the passenger compartment
• AIR DISTRIBUTION (knob) (A109S / AW109SP)
Controls the flow of the air provided by the heater to the upper
ventilation ducts for cabin windshiels defrost or to the lower cabin
ventilation system
• HEAD ............. closed the flapper valve permitting the air to
enter the cockpit upper ventilation ducts
• HEAD-FEET ... opens the flapper valve permitting the air to
enter the upper and lower cockpit and
passenger compartment ducts.
• AIR DISTRIBUTION (knob) (A109E)
ventilation system
• closed the flapper valve permitting the
air to enter the cockpit upper
ventilation ducts
........................................

ICN-3C-A-214000-G-A0126-01224-B-04-1
HELICOPTER HEATING SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

SECTION 90
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS)

GENERAL DESCRIPTION inside a housing and a Venturi tube. The bleed air tubes are made of
stainless steel and are insulated with flexible ducts.
The function of the Environmental Control System (ECS) is to supply a
temperature controlled airflow, under a light pressure, to the cabin in order to
maintain a comfortable temperature in the crew and in the passenger cabin SHUT-OFF VALVE
through air valves and diffusers. The air temperature in the cabin is
The shut-off valve is pneumatic, solenoid operated valve. When the solenoid
controlled by the pilot through a control knob in a range between 2°C and
is de-energized and the inlet port is under pressure, the chamber A and the
82°C.
complete housing of the valve are also under pressure. This pressure and
The system is electrically powered by 28 VDC # 2 bus through ECS toggle
the force of the spring keep the valve closed. When the solenoid is
type.
energized, the chamber A returns to ambient pressure while in the housing,
The maximum power available with ECS operating is less than that available
the pressure is the same as the inlet air pressure. The pressure is applied to
with the helicopter in basic configuration, this power loss is caused by the
surfaces of different sides thus generating a force that overcomes the force
compressor bleed air used for the ECS.
of the spring and opens the valve.
ECS COMPONENTS
The ECS consists of the following components:
• Engine bleed air circuit
• No. 1 and No. 2 shut-off valve
• Air discharge duct
• Bleed air over temperature switch
• Bleed air over pressure switch
• Pressure reducing/shut-off valve
• Venturi tube
• Air distribution circuit
• Over temperature switch
• Air conditioning unit
ENGINE BLEED AIR CIRCUIT

The engine bleed air circuit supplies compressed air, bled from the engines,
to the air conditioning unit. From the bleed port of each engine, the
compressed (hot) air is directed through two lines and shut-off valves, to a
Y-shaped tube. From the Y-shaped tube the compressed air is supplied to
the air conditioning unit through a pressure reducing/shut-off valve, located

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01237-A-02-1
SHUT-OFF VALVE CLOSED

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01238-A-02-1
SHUT-OFF VALVE OPEN

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01239-A-02-1
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE CLOSED

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01240-A-02-1
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE OPEN

BLEED AIR OVER TEMPERATURE AND OVERPRESSURE the cold side of the condenser. This recirculation air is drawn from the
SWITCHES conditioned air supply duct, and passes through the condenser where it
cools the bleed air, then mixes with the cold turbine discharge air in the jet
On the outlet duct of the pressure reducing/shut-off valve are installed a pump, and returns to the conditioned air supply duct.
bleed air over temperature switch and a bleed air overpressure switch. Both
switches control the solenoid of the No.1 and No.2 shut-off valves and of the
pressure reducing/shut-off valve. ECONOMY SOLENOID VALVE
These valves are closed when the bleed air temperature rises above 315°C
The temperature control circuit has two operating modes: normal and
or the pressure rises above 4,8 -5,5 bar (70-80 psi).
economy.
The two operating modes are selected by means of the ECS-NORM/ECON
PRESSURE REDUCING/SHUT-OFF VALVE switch in the RH overhead console. With the switch set to NORM, the
economy solenoid valve (normally open) is energized to the closed position.
This valve adjusts the bleed air pressure to 4,68 bar (68 psi). The valve The conditioned air temperature is controlled by means of a potentiometer
operation is initiated by a solenoid. When the solenoid is energized the bleed actuated by the AIR COND-TEMP CONT knob on the overhead panel. The
air is supplied to the datum unit through an orifice and the inner piston is potentiometer activates the temperature control sensor, to energize the
moved due to differential pressure those opening or closing the air outlet temperature control valve, positioning the valve to achieve the selected
passeg. temperature. The temperature control valve controls the flow of the hot
(bleed) air mixed with the turbine discharge air and supplies actuating
AIR CONDITIONING UNIT pressure to close the turbine inlet control valve in the same proportion and
the valve moves to open.
The air conditioning unit consists mainly of a heat exchanger, a condenser, a The economy operating mode is selected by setting the NORM/ECON
turbine-blower unit and a temperature control circuit. switch to ECON. In this condition the economy solenoid valve is de-
The compressed hot air from the bleed air shut-off valves and the pressure energized and opens, thus increasing the actuating pressure supplied to the
reducing/shut-off valve is initially cooled in the heat exchanger by a ram air turbine inlet control valve, which in turn reduces the quantity of conditioned
flow obtained by the Fan. The ram air enters the air scoop (cooling air inlet) air supplied in the cabin, with consequent reduction of bleed air supply.
and flows out through an air discharge duct.
Additional cooling to the ram air occurs in the condenser where the bleed air
is continually cooled by recirculated cold air of the conditioning unit turbine OVER TEMPERATURE SWITCH
discharge. It is installed on the duct assy in order to protect the distribution circuit
Condensed water from the air is collected in a water separator and sprayed against overheating in case of bleed air over temperature switch or
by the water injector into the ram air inlet where it re-evaporates and temperature regulating system failure.
increases the cooling effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The cool high- The over temperature switch will be activated when the temperature of the
pressure bleed air from the condenser passes through the turbine inlet air reaches 127°C and close the two shut-off valves.
control valve which controls the air supply to the cooling turbine during
heating demands on the system, and is then expanded through the cooling
turbine where its temperature is further reduced by the extraction of energy
from air.
Shaft energy produced in the turbine drives the fan which induces the ram
air cooling across the heat exchanger. The air leaving the turbine enters the
primary nozzle of the jet pump where it induces recirculation airflow across

DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT
From the outlet of the air conditioning unit, the conditioned air is directed
through a manifold to the duct assy.
The duct assy is connected to the upper diffuser, to the crew ventilation,
windshield defogging and passengers ventilation systems through Flexible
manifolds and two flapper control valves installed into the fwd vertical box
beams.
By controlling those valves, the crew can select a different ventilation option.
ECS SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

• ECS switch (toggle type circuit breaker):
The environmental control system electrical
• OFF............. circuit is not powered.
The environmental control system electrical circuit
• ON........ is powered with 28 Vdc from the No.2 bus bar.
• SHUT-OFF # 1 and SHUT-OFF # 2 switches:
The bleed air shut-off valve of the respective
• OFF......... engine is de-energized (valve closed).
The bleed air shut-off valve is energized (valve
• ON............. open).
• NORM/ECON switch:
Economy solenoid valve is energized (valve
closed). The temperature control circuit
• NORM........ operates in the normal mode.
Economy solenoid valve is de-energized (valve
open). The temperature control circuit operates
• ECON....... in the economy mode.
• ECS TEMP CONT Adjusts the temperature of the conditioned
knob.......................... air which enters the cabin.
• ECS ON........... Advisory legend. Comes in view on EDU2 when
the system is operating.

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01232-A-02-1
A109E - ECS SYSTEM – SCHEMATIC

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01229-A-05-1
A109S/AW109SP - ECS SYSTEM – SCHEMATIC

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01233-A-02-1
A109E – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-01230-A-03-1
A109S/AW109SP - AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

ICN-0B-A-215000-G-A0126-00003-A-01-1
INTEGRATED ECS - COMPONENT LOCATION

ICN-ZK-A-215000-G-A0126-00004-A-01-1
AIR CONDITION UNIT INSTALLATION

ECS SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Controls the flow of the air provided by the heater to the upper
• ECS switch (toggle type circuit breaker): ventilation system
The environmental control system electrical
• OFF............. circuit is not powered. closed the flapper valve permitting
the air to enter the cockpit upper
The environmental control system electrical circuit • .............. ventilation ducts
• ON........ is powered with 28 Vdc from the No.2 bus bar.
• SHUT-OFF # 1 and SHUT-OFF # 2 switches:
The bleed air shut-off valve of the respective
opens the flapper valve permitting the
• OFF......... engine is de-energized (valve closed).
air to enter the upper and lower cockpit
The bleed air shut-off valve is energized (valve • ............... and passenger compartment ducts.
• ON............. open).
• ENG 1/2 S/OFF FIRE If the push button switch is pushed
• NORM/ECON switch: LIGHTED PUSH BUTTONS.. the releted shut-off valve will closed.
Economy solenoid valve is energized (valve
closed). The temperature control circuit
• NORM........ operates in the normal mode.
Economy solenoid valve is de-energized (valve
open). The temperature control circuit operates
• ECON....... in the economy mode.
• ECS TEMP CONT Adjusts the temperature of the conditioned
knob.......................... air which enters the cabin.
• ECS ON........... Advisory legend. Comes in view on EDU2 when
the system is operating.
• AIR DISTRIBUTION (knob) (A109S / AW109SP)
ventilation system
closed the flapper valve permitting the air to
• HEAD......... enter the cockpit upper ventilation ducts
opens the flapper valve permitting the air to
enter the upper and lower cockpit and
• HEAD-FEET passenger compartment ducts.
• AIR DISTRIBUTION (knob) (A109E)

ICN-3C-A-215000-G-A0126-01242-A-03-1
ECS SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

21 - Environmental Control

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21 - Environmental Control

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TRAINING PUBLICATION PMC-3C-A0126-AF001-00

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RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENTS COOLING SYSTEM

AVIONIC VENTILATION SYSTEM

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AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

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An overtemperature switch protects the system if the temperature of the

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HEATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION (A109S/AW109SP)

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HELICOPTER HEATING SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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ENGINE BLEED AIR CIRCUIT

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SHUT-OFF VALVE OPEN

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PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE CLOSED

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PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE OPEN

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ECS SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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A109S/AW109SP - ECS SYSTEM – SCHEMATIC

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A109E – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

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ECS SYSTEM CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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