Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that emphasizes the value of pleasure and the importance of

measuring the efficacy of one’s someone’s action based on the value of the action’s outcomes. This
meant that pleasure is a good thing, and the usefulness of an activity determines how good it is. When
these two concepts are combined, utilitarianism states that one's activities and behavior are good just as
they are aimed at bringing the greatest amount of pleasure to the largest number of people.
Utilitarianism is consequentialist. This means that the moral value of actions and decisions is based on
the usefulness of their consequences and the usefulness of the results that determine whether the
action and behavior is good or bad.

Deontology is the moral theory that evaluates actions that are done because of duty. With deontology,
we can assess and approve the correct rules and regulations, as well as reject it, especially those that
have not been discussed through Kant's approach because they are irrational and therefore illegal
because they are inconsistent in their own right. Because deontology emphasizes the rights and dignity
of human as rational beings, it can be argued that there is no way to universalize statements that
ultimately lead to unacceptable social beings.

Justice theory is labeled by John Rawls as Justice as fairness, where he insisted that a solid foundation of
a first and second principle must be the key to human justice. The first principle concerns with the
political institutions. This principle simply states that everyone has the same basic rights that can never
be taken away from them. Meanwhile, the second principle concerns with the social and economic
institutions, and it focuses in inequality. Rawls insisted that a just society should find ways to reduce
inequalities in areas where it can act. One way for a society to do this, would be to eliminate
discrimination. Another way would be to provide everyone easy access to education.

Virtue theory emphasizes that we must always look for and acts on the means, when it comes to
treating oneself or another human being. Virtue theory can be used to describe a person's character. It
deals with a person's morality and honesty. It states that a moral and virtuous person the one who has
excellent behaviors such as honesty and generosity. It aids a person in addressing the ethical
complexities without the use of explicit rules.

Personally, I think what really justifies an action to be ethical is the mean not the ends of it. On my own
preferences, what matters is that we do our duty and obligations. And whatever may the result, it
doesn’t reflect to that process that has been conducted. It may sound hypocrite, but there are things
that humans can’t control. As long as we fulfill our stance morally, I can say that it is ethical.

Personally, I believe that the means, not the ends, of an action are what make it ethical. What matters
to me is that we fulfill our responsibilities and duties. And, whatever the outcome, it has nothing to do
with the process that was carried out. Despite the fact that it may seem hypocritical, there are some
things that we cannot control. I believe it is ethical as long as we act morally in accordance with our
stance.