APPROACHES IN LITERARY
CRITICISM
1. Gender Criticism
Historical Criticism
Reader-
Response Criticism
Media criticism Its main principles are reliability
Marxist criticism Drawing from this approach,
Structuralism
WHAT IT IS (DEFINITION
This approach “examines how
sexual identity influences the
creation and reception of literary
works.” Originally an offshoot of
feminist movements, gender
criticism today includes a
number of approaches, including
the so-called “masculinist”
approach recently advocated by
poet Robert Bly
also known as the historical-
critical method or higher
criticism, is a branch of criticism
that investigates the origins of
ancient texts in order to
understand "the world behind
the text".
Reader Response is a critical
theory that stresses the
importance of the role of the
reader in constructing the
meaning of a work of literature.
of information; impartiality and
integrity; public interest and
accountability; separation of
facts and their estimation;
balance; inviolability of personal
life; inadmissibility of
discrimination; editorial
independence and credibility
criticism does not aim at the
flaws of particular individuals,
even if they have attained
positions of power.
interpret the text and the culture
from which it emerges, exploring
underlying structures that make
the creation of meaning possible
also ocused on how human
behavior is determined by social,
cultural and psychological
HOW IT IS DONE (TECHNIQUE IN
WRITING
It analyzing if how influence a
sexual identity by “examining
how the images of men and
women in imaginative literature
reflect or reject the social forces
that have historically kept the
sexes from achieving total
equality.”
historical criticism is to discover
the text's primitive or original
meaning in its original historical
context and its literal sense or
sensus literalis historicus. and
goal seeks to establish a
reconstruction of the historical
situation of the author and
recipients of the text.
This theory focus on the readers
and their experience on literary
work and also it took on
attention primarily on author
and form of the work
Media bias occurs when the
media seems to push a specific
viewpoint, rather than reporting
the news objectively that media
bias also occurs when the media
seems to ignore an important
aspect of the story
A premise of Marxist criticism is
that literature can be viewed as
ideological, and that it can be
analyzed in terms of a
Base/Superstructure model.
analyzed material by examining
underlying structures, such as
characterization or plot, and
attempted to show how these
patterns were universal and
could thus be used to develop
general conclusions about both
structures. It tended to offer a individual works and the systems
single unified approach to from which they emerged.
human life that would embrace
all disciplines