MARICRIS I.

OCAMPO
12-ABM

Read the content of the lesson before answering this learning task. After reading,
answer the 2 activities found in this file. Read the instruction and work on it
independently. Note that the same answer with your classmates means deduction of
scores in your grade.

Activity 1

Directions: Summarize what you have read by completing the table with what you
understood.

APPROACHES WHAT IT IS HOW IT IS DONE (TECHNIQUE IN WRITING)

IN (DEFINITION)
LITERARY
CRITICISM
Formalism When writing a critique, Analyzing factors like style, language,
the formalist approach symbolism, imagery, story structure, and literary
places more emphasis on devices are important aspects of a formalism
a work's structural and approach. This method usually disregards the
formal elements than its work's historical or cultural context and instead
context, author's purpose, focuses on its internal creative components to
or external factors. understand and assess what the literary work
means.
Gender A method of writing a When adopting a gender critique strategy, you
Criticism critique that centers on the examine how the text reflects, contests, or
representation and upholds gender-related social norms and
exploration of gender expectations. It stresses the significance of
roles, identities, and the recognizing and addressing stereotypes and
imbalance of power inequalities based on gender. It can be applied to
structure in literary works examine the aspects in which literature both
and how it impacts its reflects and shapes societal perceptions of
interpretation. gender and identity.
Feminist The focus of this approach Feminist critique is done in literary works by
criticism is on how gender is analyzing how the author presents both male
portrayed in literature and and female characters, the language used, the
how women are portrayed author's point of view, how the structures of
in it. It aims to analyze power connected to gender are conveyed, and
and critique the ways that how these dynamics impact the characters and
literature reinforces the plot. In addition, feminist critics look at how
gender stereotypes and women's voices are portrayed and if they are
injustices. It highlights silenced or oppressed, as well as the writer's
women who have evident criticism of society throughout its overall
received less attention in interpretation.
earlier critiques. Critics
 make an effort to amend
or add what they perceive
to be a male-dominated
critical viewpoint.
Historical The focus of a historical
critique is about assessing
a topic, such as a work of
art or literature or a
particular incident, within
its historical context. This
approach aims to
comprehend the piece of
writing by looking at the
context of time,
contemporary issues, and
cultural trends, and that
affected the author and
the text as a whole. .
Reader- An approach that revolves
response around the reader's
criticism particular and subjective
feelings in relation to a
piece of writing. This
approach highlights the
notion that a book's
meaning is jointly formed
by the reader and the
author and is not entirely
based on the purpose of
the writer or the content
alone. It emphasizes the
notion that what a piece
means is susceptible to
change depending on the
new person reading it,
which gives it an
incredibly individualized
and flexible approach to
criticism.
Structuralism A literary work's
fundamental structures
and systematic framework
When applying the historical approach, explore
the historical era when the piece was written,
including important occasions and popular
cultural initiatives of the time. Analyze the
author's life history and how it relates to the main
concepts and information in the work. Examine
the work in light of the literary standards and
trends of the time. Investigate the language and
style and the way the writing reacts to or makes
reference to the historical and cultural context of
its period. Talk about how the historical setting
has influenced how the text has been interpreted
and understood.
Reader-response criticism is applied in a literary
piece by examining subjectivity through looking
at the readers' unique experiences, convictions,
and emotional reactions that affect how they
interpret the work. The critique should discuss
the reader's engagement with the material,
including how readers connect with the
characters, resonate with their hardships, or
connect to the themes or concepts being
discussed. In addition, you should consider the
reader's own background, such as cultural,
historical, and social elements that influenced
their reading of the book. Any pertinent
information could affect how they respond to the
text. You must also recognize diverse viewpoints
and responses. Lastly, you may look at the
author's intentions in writing the work.
Identify the literary work's structure, binary
oppositions, and the relationships between its
various elements, such as the arrangement of its
 are the focus of the
structuralism critique
writing method. In order to
comprehend how
interpretation is created, it
aims to look into the
connections between
textual components.
Sociological Sociological criticism is a
method for making a
critique that highlights the
social, cultural, and
historical instances in
which a literary work
stands. The focus of this
strategy is on how
literature engages with
and discusses societal
standards, principles, and
power.
words, symbols, and themes. You should look for
common recurrent patterns. Examine the ways in
which language creates meaning and how terms
and signs relate to one another. Analyze the
narrative structure of a work to find underlying
themes by focusing on the plot or storyline,
character dynamics, and the order of events. In
addition, emphasize how the text's organization
affects the significance and overall purpose of
the work.
In using sociological criticism, you should
examine how society, culture, and social
conventions are portrayed in the literature.
Analyze how societal influences are reflected in
the work’s characters and interactions. Look into
the writing's allusions about concerns of
socioeconomic status, sex, racism, or other
social constructs. Consider if the author’s social
environment affected the text and describe how
the social criticism in the literature adds to its
overall impact and applicability.

Activity 2

1. What critical approach did he use? Explain why you think that is the approach.

The critical approach used in this passage is a combination of sociological and

historical approaches. The author evaluates the state of the country and its citizens,
paying close attention to the corruption and self-interest that are pervasive in Philippine
society. He condemns the lack of unity, the willingness to put one's own interests ahead
of the good of the country, and the dishonesty of society. He uses this critique in order to
bring attention to the issues and difficulties that the Philippines was encountering at the
time, provoke readers to think about their own conduct and mentalities, and promote
social change toward a more compassionate, harmonious, and morally upright society.

The passage brings up concerns about societal inequality and injustice. Perhaps
Cardinal Sin explained how Ninoy's death was part of a greater battle for justice and
democracy, which tackles the unequal conduct of authority and wealth in the Philippines.
The message has discussed how power works in society and in government. It also
discussed the significance of values like fairness, empathy, and respect for individuals in
society and the significance of collective action and societal movements. In addition, it
integrated ethical and moral aspects into the critique.
 The passage exemplifies a historical perspective because the homily tackles Ninoy
Aquino's historical context, concentrating on the social, political, and economic conditions
of the time. The passage looks back on the five years that have passed since Ninoy
Aquino passed away and considers the actions that were taken to realize his vision of a
new nation. By looking at how the country had evolved at the time, it puts those
occurrences in their historical context. This emphasizes the historical timeline's
importance and how things have changed throughout time. In addition, the excerpt
highlights the encouragement of historical identities like Chino Roces and President
Corazon Aquino in the fight against injustice. It also makes reference to ideas like
"K.K.K." (Kanya-Kanya'ng Katwiran), demonstrating consciousness of the prevalent
mindsets and actions in that historical era's society. The homily tackled how Ninoy's
demise impacted the cultural and social changes that were occurring in Philippine culture
at the time.

2. Do you agree with the author or not? Explain your answer.

From a personal standpoint, I agree with the homily of Jaime Cardinal Sin and see
it as a call for progress and harmony within society. In the end, it comes down to shaping
Filipinos’ personal values and convictions. Due to the present scenario of the nation,
every single Filipino needs to recognize the message of the homily. It served as a wake-
up call to all Filipinos, expressing to us that we must begin to truly embrace and honor
our own nation if we are to restore peace to the country. I believed the piece was
meaningful because it aimed at uplifting the Philippines to be a better country.

It was ideal that Jaime Cardinal Sin was not directly blaming an individual for the
violence but rather highlighting the need for collective action among Filipinos to address
the problem. The message acknowledges targeting the broader Filipino community to find
solutions. We must change for our nation, not for our own survival. We must embrace the
importance of starting with personal change. To address societal issues, we should first
look at ourselves and ask what we can do to make a positive impact. One must strive
together in a spirit of companionship and patriotism and rule against disagreements. We
must have the willingness to make sacrifices to solve problems in our society and culture.
In general, the piece regarding Jaime Cardinal Sin's homily was composed well.