Bernoulli and piezometric line [12]

Figure 2.1 Total head (energy level) and Pressure head (hidraulic head)
Static head
Static head is the pressure a manometer would show
hstat = pstat / g mWc

Piezometric head
Piezometric head or hydraulic head is the level to wich the water surface
would rise if a riser pipe was connected to the pipe at the cross section
h= z + p/g mWc
h= z + hstat
Definitions
Total head (energy head) H
p V2
H=z+ +α⋅ [ mWc] (2 . 2)
γ 2⋅g
Pressure head ( hydraulic head ) h
p
h=z+ [mWc ] (2 .2)
γ
Dynamic head
V2
h dyn =α⋅ [ mWc]
2⋅g
z:reference level (datum ) [m ]
p: static pressure [ Pa]
γ : specific weihgt of fluid [ N/m 3 ]
γ= ρ⋅g
For water γ= 1000⋅9 .807=9807 [N/m 3 ]
p
: static pressure in [ mWc ]
γ
α:velocity distribution coefficient [−]
V:mean velocity over the cross−section [ m/s]
ΔH 1,2 : hydraulic energy loss from cross section 1
Microsoft Editor de
to cross section 2 ecuaciones 3.0

Hydraulic energy equation ( Bernoulli equation )

2 2
p 1 α 1⋅V 1 p2 α 2⋅V 2
z1 + + = z2 + + + ΔH 1,2 (2. 1 )
γ 2⋅g γ 2⋅g

aV12/2g DH1,2
Piezometric line aV22/2g
Static head or
Pressure head
 Static head or
Pressure head
Hydraulic head or Static head or
hstat_1 = p1/g Piezometric head pressure head
hstat_2 = p2/g
Ground level h2
h1
Elevation
z1
z2
Reference level
 Rev. cjc. 30.03.2016

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2 (2. 1 )

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

DH1,2

aV22/2g
Static head or
pressure head
hstat_2 = p2/g

z2

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[12] 12.- Water_Hammer_in_Pumped_Sewer_Mains. Denmark.pdf