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Note
The distance between the bottom of the tank and the pipe centerline is assumed
to be negligible compared to the total water height . This assumption simplifies
the solution . If this asumption is not acceptable, the pipe pressure and the
integration limits would need to be adjusted .
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Data Solution
Pipe diameter
d= 0.5 m Constant Eq. (e)
√
Pipe length
L= 100 m 2⋅g
C= (e)
Pipe friction factor L
f⋅ + K v
f= 0.015 - d
Singular pressure drop coefficient C= (( 2*g )/(f*L/d+Kv) )^0.5
(sum of all existing fittings) C= 2.09
Kv = 1.5 -
Tank diameter Initial velocity Eq. (f)
D= 25 m
Tank initial water level
v =C⋅√h (f )
ho = 2 m h= ho
Acceleration of gravity v= C * ho^0.5
g= 9.81 m/s² v= 2.95 m/s
( √ ho − √h )
( Dd )
2
t = ⋅ (k )
C/2
h= 0 m
2 of 2
Discharge of a tank through a pipe and a valve
( L
)
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Ppipe = f⋅ +K v ⋅P k
Microsoft Equation
3.0 d
√
ρ 2
Pk = ⋅v [ Pa ] (c) 2⋅h⋅g
2 v= (d )
L
( L
d
ρ
)
h⋅ρ⋅g= f⋅ +K v ⋅ ⋅v 2
2
f⋅ +K v
d
Microsoft Equation
3.0
and with
v =C⋅√h (f )
π
dV pipe =C⋅√ h⋅ ⋅d 2⋅dt
4
π
dV pipe =C⋅ ⋅d 2⋅√ h⋅dt (g )
4 Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
h: tank water level [ m ]
γ :specific gravity
[ ]
N
m3
ρ :water density
[ ]
kg
m3
g:acceleration of gravity
[]
m
s
2
f : Darcy −Weisbach h
friction factor [ − ]
L:pipe length [ m ]
d: pipe interior diameter [ m ]
D: tank diameter [ m ]
Microsoft Equation
3.0
K v :valve friction factor [ − ]
)
√ √
ρ 2 2⋅h⋅g
v ⋅ ⋅v v= 2⋅h⋅g
2 L v= ( d)
f⋅ + K v L
v2 f⋅ + K v
⋅ d d
√
2 2⋅g
v= ⋅√ h v =C⋅√h (f )
v )⋅v 2 L
f⋅ + K v
d
√
Let 2⋅g
C= (e )
√
L
2⋅g f⋅ + K v
C= (e ) d
L
f⋅ +K v
(d ) d
√ d
√
Let 2⋅g
C= (e )
√
L
2⋅g f⋅ + K v
C= (e ) d
L
f⋅ +K v
(d ) d Constant C= (( 2*g ) / (f*L/d + Kv ) )^0.
v =C⋅√h (f )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
2 of 3
⋅g
( d)
Kv
(f )
(e)
Kv
(e)
Kv
3 of 3
rential equation
( j)
h−0 .5⋅dh
o
0. 5 h
h |h
o
−√ ho )
−√ h )
)
2
( k)
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Thermodynamics
Cengel, Boles, Kanoglu
[1]
[1] Page 218 - 219
v =√ 2⋅h⋅g
correspond to the equation (d), when the denominator
has the value of 1
√
2⋅h⋅g
v= ( d)
L
f⋅ + K v
d
L
f ⋅ + K v =1
d
There are infinite posibilities to met this condition.
Example:
Kv = 0
f * L /d = 1
f*L=d
L=d/f
For a given diameter and friction factor, the required pope length
is defined
Thermodynamics
Cengel, Boles, Kanoglu
Pages
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
y of the jet as
denominator
No references available
[1]