PERHITUNGAN HEATER

Fungsi : Menurunkan temperatur methanol dari 95C ke 40 C

Gambar :
Fluida dingin : coolant
T1 = 25 C =
T2 = 40 C =
k = 0.59 W/m.C
viscosity = 8.00E-01 mNs/m2
Cp rata2 = 4.2 Kj/kg.C =
density = 995 kg/m3
Fluida panas : metanol
Flowrate, W2 = 100000.0000 Kg/hr =
t1 = 95 C =
t2 = 40 C =
density = 7.50E+02 Kg/m3 =
viscosity metanol = 0.34 Ns/m2
konduktivitas termal = 0.19 W/m.C
Cp rata2 = 2.84 Kj/kg.C =
1. Beban Panas Heater
Q lepas = W.Cp.dT
Q = -15620000.0000 KJ/hr =
flow steam = Q/Cp.dt
= 68.8712522 kg/H
Flowrate, W1 = 68.8713 Kg/hr
2. LMTD
T1
= 25.00
T2
= 40.00
15.00
coolant
Suhu Tinggi
Suhu Rendah
selisih
Return bend Gland
Return Head
Gland
Gland
Tee
) / ( ln
1 2
1 2
t t
t t
D D
D - D
LMTD =
= 30.7862
C
Ft = 0.85
Dt = 26.1683
C
3. T
c
= T
avg coolant
= =
t
c
= t
avg methanol
= =
Trial, Luas Perpindahan Panas
- Asumsi UD = 610.5 W/m2.C
= 2187.1773 kj/H.m2.c
A =
A = 271.5925 m2
digunakan tipe split-ring floating head, karena efisiensinya dan kemudahan dalam
pembersihan. etanol mengalir melalui tube dan steam melalui shell
.
Tubes Sizes
id = 16 mm
od = 20 mm
L = 4.83 m
tubes pass = 2
dipilih triangular pitch, 1,25od 25 mm
pitch diameter = 1.25 in
Number of Tubes
area of one tubes, a" = L x od x 3,14
= 0.303324 m2
no. Of tubes, Nt = A/a"
= 895.3872786
=
tubes passes, n = 2
tubes per passes = Nt/n
= 447.6936393
tube cross sectional area, at = (3,14 x id^2)/4
= 0.00020096 m2
area per pass = Nt/n x at
= 0.089968514 m2
) / ( ln
1 2
1 2
t t
t t
D D
D - D
t U
Q
D
D .
vol. Flow, Vw = W/(area per pass)
= 7.66E+02 kg/s m2
tube velocity, ut = Vw/density
= 9.57E+02 m/s
"laju alir antara 1 - 2 m/s, velocity yang terlalu rendah dapat menyebabkan fouling menurun"
dan membuat pressure drop naik,sehingga nilai koefisien transfer panas
dari perhitungan, didapat jumlah tubes per pass .maka digunakan shell tipe E
Koefisien transfer panas tube, hi (Bell's method)
eq. 12.28
= 1.49E+04
= 5.69E+00
L/id = 301.875
dari fig. 12.23, jh = 3.90E-06
hi = 3.81E+03 W/m2.C
tube row correction factor, Fn
tube vertical pitch, Pt' = 0,87 x 1,25 OD
= 21.75 mm
Baffle Cut Hc = % Baffle Cut x Ds
= 221.2309702 mm
height between buffle tips = Ds-2 x Hc
= 442.4619404 mm
Ncv = Height Between Buffle Tips /pt'
= 20.34307772
Dari Fig. 12.32 di dapat
Fn = 1.03
Windows Correction Factor, Fw
Hb = 187.2309702 mm Eq. 12.38
Bundle Cut = Hb/Db
= 0.229190228
= 22.91902276 %
Dari Fig. 12.41 pada Bundle Cut di atas
R'a = 0.18
Tube in one window area, Nw = Nt x R'a
= 161.1697102 Eq. 12.41
Tube In Cross Flow Area, Nc = Nt - 2Nw Eq. 12.42
= 573.0478583
Rw = 2 Nw/Nt Eq. 12.43
= 0.36
Dari Fig. 12.33 maka Fw = 1.02
Bypass Correction, Fb
Ab = 0.012034965 m2 Eq. 12.47
Ab/As = 0.384213837
Fb = 0.215056316 eq. 12.30
alpha = 4 karena aliran turbulen
sangat rendah, coba dengan 1 strip utk tiap 5 vertical rows baffle
Ns/Ncv = 1/5
Fb = 0.667547497 eq. 12.30
Leakage correction, Fl
gunakan clearances standar,
tube to baffle 1/32 in = 0.8 mm
baffle to shell 3/16 in = 4.8 mm
Atb = 18443.54532 mm2 eq. 12.45
0.018443545 m2
dari fig. 12.41 , 25%cut ob = 2.1 rads
Asb = 8877.556372 mm2
0.008877556 m2
Al = Atb + Asb
0.027321102
Al/As = 0.872220693
dari fig. 12.35, Bl = 0.52
Fl = 0.311034291 eq. 12.31
Shell Side Coeff.
hs = 6.13E-01 W/m2.C eq. 12.27
Pressure Drop pada Cross - Flow Zone, dPc
density steam = 750 kg/m3
Ideal tube bank pressure drop, dPi
dari fig. 12.36, Re = 3.70E+04
jf = 4.30E-03
koreksi viskositas diabaikan
dPt = 7.34E+02 N/m2 eq. 12.33
= 7.34E-01 kPa
= 7.34E-03 bar
"acceptable, karena dP pada stream etanol harus <0,7 bar"
karena Re > 100, alpha = 4
0.215056316
dari fig. 12.37, Fb' = 0.45
dari fig. 12.38, Bl' = 0.43
Fl' = 0.755212412
dPc = 2.49E+02 N/m2
window Zone
dari fig. 12.41, untuk baffle cut 25%
Ra = 0.19
Aw = 66190.6255 mm2 eq. 12.44
0.066190626 m2
Uw = 0.559551096 m/s
uz = 0.813396094 m/s eq. 12.36
Nwv = 8.608320469 eq. 12.40
dPw = 1342.518497 N/m2 eq. 12.34
end zone
dPe = 530.7237351 N/m2 eq. 12.36
no. Of baffles, Nb = L/pt - 1
= 12.64524143
dPs = 2.09E+04 N/m2 eq. 12.37
= 2.09E+01 kPa
= 2.09E-01 bar
= 3.04E+00 psi
dengan data tabel 12.7, dPs dalam fouled condition
dPs = 2.89E+01 kPa
2.89E-01 bar
4.19E+00 psi
acceptable, karena allowable dari dPs adalah 10 bar
Karena A < 200 ft , maka direncanakan menggunakan Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
dengan klasifikasi sebagai berikut (dari tabel 11, Kern):
IPS = 3 IPS
Sch. No = 40 inch Sch. No.
OD = 3.5 inch OD
ID = 2.953 inch ID
a'' = 0.917 ft
2
a''
ANNULUS : FLUIDA DINGIN AIR
4. Flow area, aa
D2 = 2.9530 inch =
D1 = 2.3800 inch =
aa =
= 0.0167 ft
2
Equivalent diameter, De
De =
= 0.1070 ft
5. Laju Alir Massa, Ga
Outer Pipe Inner Pipe
4 ) (
2
1
2
2
D D - p
1
2
1
2
2
) ( D D D -
Ga = W / aa
= ############## 0.0167
= 13234281.64 lb/hr ft
2
6. Reynold number, Re
pada T
avg
= 67.50
o
F
= 0.7500 cp =
Rea =
Rea = 780174.49
7. JH = 110
8. Pada Tavg = 67.50
o
F
k = 0.3620 Btu/hr ft
o
F
Cp = 1.0302 Btu/lb
o
F
=
= 1.7286
=
9.
=
= 643.3241 Btu/hr ft
2 o
F
INNER PIPE : FLUIDA PANAS PRODUK
Flow area ap
Dp = 1.969 in
ap =
= 0.1640 ft
m
a e
G x D
3 / 1
) ( k x C m
14 , 0
3
1

=
w
H o
k
Cp
D
k
j h
m
m m
4
2
D p
m
= 0.0211 ft
Laju Alir Massa, Gp
Gp = W / ap
= 0.0000 / 0.0211
= 0.0000 lb/hr ft
2
Reynold Number, Rep
Pada tavg = 32.5
o
F
= 0.3666 cp =
Rep = D.Gp /
= 0.0000
JH = 600
Pada tavg = 32.5
o
F
k = 0.67440 Btu/hr ft
o
F
cp = 0.5939 Btu/lb
o
F
= 0.9211
=
= 2272.1028 Btu/jam ft
2 o
F
hio = hi x (ID/OD)
=
= 1879.2581 Btu/jam ft
2 o
F
Clean Overall coefficient, Uc
Uc =
= 479.2597 Btu/jam ft
2 o
F
4
2
D p
3 / 1
) ( k x C m
14 , 0
3
1

=
w
H i
k
Cp
D
k
j h
m
m m
) (
) (
o io
o o i
h h
h x h
+
m
m
Design Overall, UD
1 / UD = 1 / Uc + Rd , Rd =
= 0.0041
UD = 244.7051 Btu/jam ft
2 o
F
Required Surface Area
A =
= #REF! ft
2
External surface / lin ft, a''
a'' = 0.6220 ft
Required length, L = A / a''
L = #REF!
Ambil panjang 1 harpin sepanjang = 12 ft
Banyaknya harpin yang diperlukan,
= #REF! #########
= #REF! buah
2 buah
Actual length = 48 ft
A sebenarnya = L x a''
= 29.8560 ft
2
Actual Design Overall Coeffesient, UD act
UD =
t U
Q
D
D .
t A
Q
D .
= #REF! Btu/hr ft
2 o
F
Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd =
= #REF! hr ft
2 o
F/ Btu
ANNULUS : FLUIDA DINGIN
1. De' = (D2 - D1)
= 0.0478 ft
Rea' = 348174.6272
f =
= 0.0047
= 59.43 lb/ft
3
2. Fa =
PRESSURE DROP
D c
D c
U x U
U U -
42 , 0
) (Re
264 , 0
0035 , 0
a
+
e
D g
L Ga f
. . 2
. . . 4
2
2
r
r
= 1130.9761 ft
3. Va = Ga / (3600 . )
= 61.8575 ft/det
F1 =
= 178.2459 ft
4. Pa =
= 540.3269 psi
INNER PIPE : FLUIDA PANAS
1. Rep = 0
f =
= #DIV/0!
= 42.3000 lb/ft
3
2. Fp =
= #DIV/0!
3. Pp =
( 1)
144
Fa F x r D+D
42 , 0
) (Re
264 , 0
0035 , 0
p
+
D g
L Gp f
. . 2
. . . 4
2
2
r
.
144
Fp r D
r
r
2
3
2
V
x
g



= #DIV/0!
643.3241
Uc =
UD =
RD calculated =
RD required =
540.3269
10.0000
SUMMARY
h outside
P Calculated (psi)
P Allowable (psi)
77.00 F
104.00 F
0.0127637 btu/lb.F
220462.0000 lb/hr
203.00 F
104.00 F
0.008630692 btu/lb.F
4338.888889 kW
Selisih
t
2
= 40.0 15.0
t
1
= 95.0 55.00
-55 40.00
R =
= 3.667
metanol
Return bend Gland
Return Head
Gland
Gland
Tee
1 2
2 1
t t
T T
-
-
S =
= 0.21428571
32.50
oC
67.50
oC
tabel 12.1 Coulson
digunakan tipe split-ring floating head, karena efisiensinya dan kemudahan dalam
Bundle & Shell Diameter
dari tabel 12.4 Coulson untuk tube 2 passes
K1 = 0.249
n1 = 2.207
bundle diameter, Db = 816.9238808 mm eq. 12.3b
= 0.816923881 m
dari fig. 12.10 untuk split-ring floating head
shell bundle C' = 68 mm
Ds = 884.9238808 mm
= 0.884923881 m
baffle space (trial) = Ds/5
= 176.9847762 mm
baffle pitch = 353.9695523 mm
As = 0.031323611 m2 eq. 12.21
Gs, mass flowrate = 886.7999856 kg/s.m2
de = 14.201
us = 1.182399981 m/s
= 3.70E+04
dari fig. 12.31, jh = 3.30E-03
1 1
1 2
t T
t t
-
-
= 5.08E+00
koef. Transfer panas utk cross flow area ideal tube bank
hoc = 2.81E+00 W/m.C
"laju alir antara 1 - 2 m/s, velocity yang terlalu rendah dapat menyebabkan fouling menurun"
koefisien transfer panas shell (Bell's method)
Ideal bank coefficeint, hoc
baffle pitch
Karena A < 200 ft , maka direncanakan menggunakan Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
= 2
= 80 inch
= 2.38 inch
= 1.9685 inch
= 0.622 ft
2

0.2461 ft
0.1983 ft
Inner Pipe
0.345223255 (Fig.4 Kern)
1.8150 lb/hr ft
(Fig.24 Kern)
(Tabel.5 Kern)
0.8872 lb/hr ft
(fig.24 Kern)
0.002
(Tabel.11 Kern)
(Fg. 6.4 Kern.)
100.4
PRESSURE DROP
1879.2581
479.2597
#REF!
#REF!
0.0020
#DIV/0!
10.0000
SUMMARY
h outside
P Calculated (psi)
P Allowable (psi)
Shell Side Coeff.
tanpa koreksi viskositas
koefisien transfer panas shell (Bell's method)
Ideal bank coefficeint, hoc
= 0,8Ds
= 707.9391 mm