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Bahan 2
Bahan 2
Arranged by:
Fathlina
C 111 08 212
Supervisor:
dr. Pendrik Tandean, SpPD-KKV.FINASIM
Name : Mrs. T
II. Anamnesis
Shortness of breath has been experienced since 2 years ago and worsened
from yesterday. It was experienced while doing minimal activity such as walking
to the bathroom and relieved with resting. There is complain of sudden shortness
of breath during night time that cause her to be awaken. He also had to use at least
2 pillows to sleep during night time. There is also history of chest pain which has
been experienced since 2 year ago. Chest pain was felt like being stabbed on the
chest and last for less than 5 minutes of duration. Chest pain was also relieved by
resting. There is no complaint of palpitation, fever, cough, nausea, and vomit.
There is no complaint of urination and defecation
There is history of being admitted to the hospital 2 times with the same complaint
of shortness of breath. There is history of hypertension since 10 years ago but she
doesn’t take the drugs regularly. She never smoking and consumption alcohol.
There is no history of fever, congenital heart disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes
mellitus. There is also no family history with cardiovascular disease and thyroid
disease.
Risk Factors
2
III. Physical Examination
Vital sign
Temperature : 36,8°C
Chest Examination:
+ +
+ +
Cardiac Examination
Abdominal Examination:
Extremities Examination
IV. Electrocardiography
ECG interpretation
- P wave : 0,08 s
4
- PR Interval : 0,16 s
- Axis : Normoaxis
- T wave: Normal
V. Thorax Photo
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SGPT 36 <38 u/L
CK-MB 9 <25
VII. Diagnosis
IX. Treatment
O2 2 L/min
Aspilet 80 mg 0-1-0
Fasorbid 10 1-1-1
Simvastatin 20 mg 0-0-1
I.I. Definisi
I.II. Etiologi
Penyebab gagal jantung kongestif dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu penyakit
miokard sendiri dan gangguan mekanik pada miokard.
I.II.1. Penyakit pada miokard sendiri antara lain: penyakit jantung koroner,
kardiomiopati, miokarditis dan penyakit jantung reumatik, penyakit infiltrative,
iatrogenic akibat obat-obatan atau akibat radiasi.
I.III. Patofisiologi
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preload dan hipertrofi jantung akan lebih menambah beban jantung sehingga
terjadi gagal jantung yang tidak terkompensasi.
Akibat bendungan diberbagai organ dan low output, pada penderita gagal
jantung kongestif, biasa ditemukan:
b) Gejala dan tanda sistemik berupa lemah, cepat capek, oligouri, nokturi,
mual, muntah, desakan vena sentralis meningkat, takikardi, asites,
hepatomegali, dan edema perifer.
c) Gejala susunan saraf pusat berupa insomnia, sakit kepala hingga delirium.
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Tabel 2. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification
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Gambaran EKG pada penderita gagal jantung kongestif tidaklah khas, hal
tersebut tergantung pada penyakit yang mendasari. Pada gagal jantung kongestif
akut karena selalu terjadi iskemik dan gangguan fungsi konduksi ventrikel, maka
selain takikardia dapat pula ditemukan gambaran left bundle branch block
(LBBB).
I.V. Pengobatan
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II. Penyakit Jantung Koroner
II.I. Definisi
Penyakit jantung koroner disebabkan oleh adanya plak pada arteri koroner
dijantung. Ada dua faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi yaitu faktor resiko ang
dapat dimodifikasi dan yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi.
II.III. Patofisiologi
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suplai oksigen pada otot jantung. Akibat berkurangnya suplai oksigen, lama
kelamaan otot jantung menjadi hipoksia yang kemudian dapat menjadi iskemik.
Semakin lama otot jantung kekurangan suplai oksigen dan darah menyebabkan
tidak dapat dibentuknya ATP pada otot jantung sehingga dapat terjadi infark
miokard.
II.IV. Diagnosis
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Penyakit jantung koroner terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu stable angina pectoris
dan acute coronary syndrome. Acute coronary syndrome terbagi menjadi tiga,
yaitu unstable angina, Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), dan ST
elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
I.V. Pengobatan
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