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PDF Problemas Cap 8 - Compress
`) Hkchuckr cks hgmduhtlvldkdos tìrjlhks doc MG y doc HB 4 k 866E y prosløm ktjgsaìrlhk k pkrtlr
do cgs dktgs sliulomtos pkrk osks hgmdlhlgmos>
J J (<.8-;?)
H ,
Hgm P ;,<29hkc/jgc E . Ck lmsorhløm do cgs dktgs pkrk p yy J do
;;;1 ;69
e 2, ?? ;, 0? ;, <29 912 ;69 hkc/s hj E
Vkrk oc HB4, ;1,64
6,680;8Y j E
Om ck Tk`ck <.;0 aliurkm cgs vkcgros e , 6,60?<6 y 6,68409 Y j E rospohtlvkjomto
`) Vkrk cgs jlsjgs iksos, hkchuckr oc mþjorg do Vrkmdtc dlrohtkjomto sustltuyomdg cgs ssliulomtos
liulomtos
ˁ e
vkcgros do cks prgplodkdos aêslhks om ck aørjuck do doalmlhløm Vr Hp , y hgjpkrkr cgs vkcgros
hgm cgs rosuctkdgs g`tomldgs om oc lmhlsg k). Tgdks cks prgplodkdos ostëm dkdks k `knk prosløm y
866E.
k H
ˁ p ;6 8
;6
?
e
Iks
N ei E Vk s Y j E
Bo ?,;<8 ;,<<? 6,;?41
Kr 6,?064 0,092 6,6;924
B0 ;4,02 6,2<44 6,;92<
Klro ;,66; ;,2?4 6,601;4
HG0 6
6,,2424 ;,?61 6,6;11;
B 0G ;,214 ;,64; 6,600?6
k
Cgs ocojomtgs do ostk tk`ck auorgm propkrkdgs k pkrtlr do aumhlgmos prgpgrhlgmkdks pgr T.O. Dku`ort, P.V.
Dkmmor, B.J. Xl`uc, H.H. Xto``lms, N.C. Gshkrsgm, P.C. Pgwcoy, Y.Q. Ylcdlmi, J.O. Kdkjs, T.C. Jkrsbkcc y
M.K. ^umdoc, DLVVP® Dktk Hgjplcktlgm ga Vuro Hgjpgumd Vrgportlos, Doslim Lmstltuto agr Vbyslhkc
Vrgporty Dktk®, KLHbO , Muovk \gre, M\(0666).
XGC_HLØM
ˁ
H p JH
V r
ˁ e ? P J ?
p
H J H p P
4 J 4
(iks pgclktøjlhg) (<.8-;?)
Cuoig k jkmork do onojpcg rokclzkjgs oc hëchucg dotkcckdg pkrk oc Bo, oc rostg do hëchucgs prgsliuo
do liukc agrjk>
N ei
?;<8 4,668
ei E ejgc
Vr Bo 6,119
?;<8 4, 668 ejgNc E ;, 00?? 2, 8;4? ;6
8
N
ejgc E
242,4 44,6;6
242,4 44,6;6
VrHG 0 6, 920
(242,4 44,6;6) (;68<8,
(242,4 ;68<8,;0?
;0?))
;214 ;2
;214 ;2,6;?
,6;?
VrB0 G 6, 914
(;214 ;2, 6;?) (;68<8,
;68<8,;0?)
;0?)
ˁ p e
Vr H
`) Hëchucg dlrohtg hgm
Kmëcgikjomto rokclzkjgs oc hëchucg dotkcckdg pkrk oc Bo, oc rostg do hëchucgs prgsliuo do liukc
agrjk>
N ei ; E ; ;, <
?;<8 <<<? ;6? ei j;s ;
Vr Bo 6,196
6,;?41 N s ;j ; E ;
,092 ;6?
06,4 0,092
?06,4
VrKr 6, 11?
6,6;924
;4
;402
026 ,2<44 ;6?
6 6,2<44
VrB 0 6, 9;4
6,;92<
;66; ;, 22??4 ;6?
VrKlro 6, 9;6
6,601;4
242,4 ;,?61 ;6?
242
VrHG 0 6, 91<
6,6;11;
;214 ;,64; ;6?
;214
VrB 0G 6, 210
6,600?6
Cks prodlhhlgmos so hgmalrjkm ostrohbkjomto pkrk Bo y Kr, porg sgm jomgs oxltgsks pkrk cgs
hgjpuostgs pgclktøjlhgs.
k) Ck Tk`ck O.; dk cks sliulomtos hgmstkmtos hrêtlhks pkrk oc jotkmg HB 4 > Th ;<;,;E
ph 4?,2 ktj y e h ;?2 ;6 1 hkc hj s E (hgmduhtlvldkd hrêtlhk). Cks hgmdlhlgmos roduhldks
pkrk ck prodlhhløm sgm omtgmhos>
;09 80
;,2 098,;?
T
r
;,96?? ;,9;
;<;,;
pr ;;6,4ktj 0,4;
4?,2ktj
Do ck Aliurk <.0-; omhgmtrkjgs e r 6,99 om oso ostkdg, dkmdg
e er e h 6,99 ;?2 ;6 1 hkc hj s E ;,0;9
,0;9 ;6 4 hkc hj s E
hkc @tu 86,42
86,42 hj 8166s ;E ¶H
¶H
;, 0;9 ;64
0;9
hj s E 0?0 h kc
kc plo ;b ¶H ;,2¶A
0<4,4 ;64 6,60<4@tu b plo ¶A
,60<4@tu
quo ostë kprgxljkdkjomto
6,60<4 6,60
6,60<4 20
6,6020
;66
;66 4,62
,62%
%
6,60<4
pgr omhljk doc vkcgr g`sorvkdg.
`) Vkrk osto hëchucg, mohosltkjgs prodohlr ck vlshgsldkd doc jotkmg k ;09¶A (80?,< E), y k `knk
Omhgmtrkjgs 8,926 , e ;?4 ,
prosløm do ck ohukhløm ;.4-;2. Omhgmtrkjgs
T * eT / 80?, < ;?4 0,
0 ,;;1 , o 0,9;202;2024?<
J J
H 89,;;<N jgc E
;
;; 00
; 0, 6;1
;
0 6, 2<44 ; 0 44, 6; ; 4
;0 ; 44, 6; ; 0, 4?9
2 ;, ?61 0, 6;1
0
; 44, 6;
;0 ;, ?61 ;0 0, 6;1 ;4
0; ; 0, 6;1 ; 6,;2;<
2 6, 2<44 44, 6;
XGC_HLØM
0
1 j
0
;6 0 hj ;6 hj
0
s
0, 14
142 ;6 hj s ;, 1
10
09 ;6 hj s
8
s
(<.4-8)
08
Vorg Q J ,
hgmstkmtodo@g
odo@gtzjkmm : P M ;,8
,822611 ;6 N E5 cuoig
0 0
e 0, 26 M J ;
8
s 0, 26 M J
8
s
0
08 8 -9
N hj ;60 hj
e 6,6614<< hj s j
-0
E
e 6,1?Y j E
e 6,891@tu b plo ¶A
XGC_HLØM
k) Hukmdg y o om ck ohukhløm <K.1-; so oxproskm om tìrjlmgs do ck hgmstkmto P doc iks y do ck
hgmstkmto A do Akrkdky, oc mþjorg do Cgromz tgjk ck agrjk
0
0 0
0 P 0 P 2,8;4?; N jgc-; E -;
C
8 Mo 8 A
8 1,600;4 ;608 ocoh
1,600;4 ocoh jgc-; ;,160
,160;2 ocoh;
;2 ;6;< H ocoh
0
0 2,8;4?;N jgc-; E -;
C 0,44 ;62 vgct
-;
gct 0 /E
/E 0
8 <142?,8 H jgc
Vuostg quo> ;vg
;vgctlg ; N hguc
ctlg hgucgj
gj`
`
`) Ck lmsorhløm doc rosuctkdg quo khk`kjgs do omhgmtrkr, y cks e o y T, om ck ohukhløm dkm
e
C hgmstkmto
eoT (<.?-;)
;
e CeoT CT
; e o
44 ;
0, 44 ;662 vgct 0 E -0 0<8,;?E
e ;,90 ;61 gbj hj
gbj
vgct 0 ;60 hj
e 4,;1
E gbj
gbj hj j
;wktt:;kjporlgÙ;vgctlg
XGC_HLØM
Ck hgmvorsløm do cgs dktgs tk`uckdgs om umldkdos XL y ck lmsorhløm om ck ohukhløm <.?-; dk cgs
sliulomtos rosuctkdgs k T 0<8,;? E
j
; e o Mk 4, 1 ;61 gbj. hj 0
4,1 ;62 gbj j
;6 hj
0
hkc 4,;24N ;6 hj Y Y
e Mk 6,8;9 ;80, 18 ;88
hj s E hkc j jE jE
e Y 4,1Ù;6-2gbj.j
C Mk ;88
eoT j E 0<8,;?E
Mg.do Cgromz,
2 Y gbj Y gbj
C Mk 0, 629 ;6 0
0,; ;6 2
E E 0
Vorg> ;gbj ;vgctlg
;vgctlg ;kjpo
;kjporlg
rlg , ;wktt :; kjpor
kjporlgÙ;v
lgÙ;vgctl
gctlg
g
vgctlg ;
;62 kjp
C Mk 0,; ;6 kjp vgctlg 0
kjp E
2
C Mk 0,; ;
;66 vgct E 0 0
k) Ostljkr
Ostljkr ck hgmdu
hgmduhtlvldk tìrjlhk doc HB 4 k ;?66¶E y ;,89 ktj. Ck hkpkhldkd hkcgrêalhk jgckr k
htlvldkdd tìrjlhk
prosløm hgmstkmto k ;?66¶E os 06,9;hkc jgc.E
jgc.E .
`) ·Huëc os oc mþjorg do Vrkmdtc k ck jlsjk prosløm y tojporkturk7
XGC_HLØM
k) Vk
Vkrk
rk hkch
hkchuc
uckr
kr e pkrk
pkrk um iks pgclktøjlhg k prosløm jgdorkdk uskjgs ck ohukhløm <.8-;?
P
e Hˁ p ;, 0? H p ;, 0?P J
J (<.8-;?)
numtg hgm ck oxprosløm do ck vlshgsldkd
Do ck tk`ck O.; omhgmtrkjgs, pkrk oc HB 4 , cgs vkcgros J ;1,64 i jgc 5 8,926 Ï5
;?4
,64 ;?
;1
;1,64 ;?66
66
0,11
0,11<8<8 ;6? 0
8,926
,926 6,2
,20
026
hkc i jgc
e 06,9;
06,9; ;, 0? ;,<29
8?66 ;69
8?66
jgc E hj s ;1,64
;1,64 i
611 ;64
e ?, 6 hkc 4,;24 N ;60 hj
hj s E hkc j
e 6,0;0Y j E
H p
H p
V r
e ?
H p
P
4 (iks pgclktøjlhg) (<.8-;1)
,9;;hkc jgc E
06,9
V r 6,2< (kdljomslgm
(kdljomslgmkc)
kc)
06, 99;; ;, 00?? ;, <29 hkc jgc E
<K.< Hgmduhtlvldkd tìrjlhk do hcgrg iksogsg
_skr ck ohukhløm <.8-;? pkrk hkchuckr ck hgmduhtlvldkd tìrjlhk do hcgrg iksogsg. Vkrk bkhor ostg so
mohosltk uskr ck ohukhløm ;.4-;4 k alm do ostljkr ck vlshgsldkd y tkj`lìm sgm mohoskrlgs cgs
sliulomtos vkcgros do ck hkpkhldkd hkcgrêalhk>
Hgjprg`kr pkrk vor quì tkm `lom cgs vkcgros hkchuckdgs hgmhuordkm hgm cgs sliulomtos dktgs
oxporljomtkcos do hgmduhtlvldkd tìrjlhk.
XGC_HLØM
Do ck tk`ck O.; doc toxtg do ck roaoromhlk, so g`tlomo pkrk oc Hc0 cgs sliulomtos dktgs> J 96,<6? y
g
/ e
cgs pkrëjotrgs do Commkrd-Ngmos> 4,;;? K y 8?9 E 5 y do ck Tk`ck O.0 hgm
T 066 8?9 6,?16
066 8?9 6,?16
;,;1;4? 6, ?0429 0,;1;92
e 6,;4294
6,2026
6,?16 oxp ,99806 6,?16
oxp 6,99806 6,?16 oxp 0, 4892
oxp 9 6,?1
48929 6
,?16
Hgm
o 0,9;202;2024
e ;,0
,011161 6,8
,84464; 6,?
,???;<1 0,;?248
_tlclzkmdg kbgrk ck ohukhløm (;.4-;4)
JT
,111<8 ;6?
0,1
0
(;.4-;4)
g
Hgm T E
K i/hj s
(0)
96,<6? 066
0, 11 <8 ;6? 0
2, 1<9; ;6? i/hj s
,;;? 0,;?
4,;;? ,;?248
248
Cuoig>
\ kpclhkmdg ck ohukhløm do Ouheom, pkrk um iks pgclktøjlhg do `knk domsldkd (<.8-;?) doc @XC,
0dk. Od.
?
e Hˁ p P
4 J (<.8-;?)
hkc hk c
H p ;,0?P 2,61 ;,0? ;,<29 :;
:;6,
6,?4
?4
Vgr tkmtg> jgc E jgc E
? hk c i ; jgc
e Hˁ p P ;6,?489
;6,?489?? 6,21<9;; ;64
6,21<9
4 J jgc E hj s 96,<6? i
hkc
e ;, 0<88 ;6? ;6? e prod ;, 0<
hj s E
Vkrk ovltkr oc usg do ck tk`ck O.0 bojgs utlclzkdg ck ohukhløm ojpêrlhk do Mouaocd, Nkmzom y Kzlz N.
(N.
Hboj. Vbys, ?9, ;;66, (;<90)) kprgplkdk pkrk su kpclhkhløm om grdomkdgr>
;,;1;
,;1;4?
4? 6,?
6,?04
0429
29 0,;1
0,;1;9
;92
2
e *6 ,;4294
6, 9
99
980T *
T
o o0 ,,448929 T *
dgmdo T * eT / ck tojporkturk kdljomslgmkc
Oc rostg do hëchucgs sgclhltkdgs so ljpcojomtk hgm Oxhoc. Xoiþm oc sgcuhlgmkrlg, cgs vkcgros
prodlhbgs do e hgm hgrrockhlgmos oxhodom cgs vkcgros oxporljomtkcos om um prgjodlg doc 2,4% om
oc rkmig do tojporkturks do ;<2 E k 191 E.
<K.;6 Hgmdu
Hgmduhtlvl
htlvldkd
dkd tìr
tìrjlhk
jlhk do jo
jozhcks
zhcks hcgrg
hcgrg-klro
-klro
_skr ck ohukhløm <.8-;9 pkrk prodohlr cks hgmduhtlvldkdos tìrjlhks do jozhcks hcgrg-klro k 0<9 E y
; ktj pkrk cks sliulomtos arkhhlgmos jgckros do hcgrg>
hc grg> 6,0?5 6,?65 6,9?. Oc klro puodo hgmsldorkrso
hgjg umk sgck sustkmhlk y puodom supgmorso cgs dktgs sliulomtos>
Xustkmhlk s) (Y/j E)
e (Y/j ˁ (N/ ei E)
k (Vk H
p (N/ei
? 0 8
k
Cgs ocojomtgs do ostk tk`ck auorgm propkrkdgs k pkrtlr do aumhlgmos prgpgrhlgmkdks pgr T.O. Dku`ort, P.V.
Dkmmor, B.J. Xl`uc, H.H. Xto``lms, N.C. Gshkrsgm, P.C. Pgwcoy, Y.Q. Ylcdlmi, J.O. Kdkjs, T.C. Jkrsbkcc y
M.K. ^umdoc, DLVVP® Dktk Hgjplcktlgm ga Vuro Hgjpgumd Vrgportlos, Doslim Lmstltuto agr Vbyslhkc
Vrgporty Dktk®, KLHbO , Muovk \gre, M\(0666).
XGC_HLØM
Cgs dktgs pkrk osto prg`cojk puodom g`tomorso do ck tk`ck O.; doc @XC (0dk Odlhløm) y so rosujom
om ck tk`ck quo so lmdlhk k hgmtlmukhløm>
Arkhhløm jgckr
Hgjpgmomto J
;6
?
,Vk.s e ,Y/j.e jozhck ; jozhck 0 jozhck 8
s
; 0
Hc 96,<6? ;,8?; 6,662<1 6,0? 6,? 6,9?
0
klro 02,<14 ;,2?4 6,601;4 6,9? 6,? 6,0?
ln
Hgoalhlomto kdljomslgmkc
0
;/ 0
; J ;/ 0
J n
;/4
ln ; l ; l
2 J n n l
J
(;.4-;1)
Poojpckzkmdg dktgs>
0
;/ 0
;/ 0 ;/ 4
;0 ; ; 96, <6? ; ;, 8?; 02, <14 6, ?82<?
2 02, <14 ;, 2?4 96, <6?
;/ 0 0
; 02, <14 ;, 2?4 ;/ 0 96, <6? ;/ 4
0; ; ; 02, <14 ;, 2;61;
2 96, <6? ;, 8 ?;
Kdojës ;; 00 ;, 6
Xustltuyomdg cgs hgoalhlomtos y hgjpgslhlgmos, om ck ohukhløm <.8-;9
m
xl e l
e jozhck ;
m
l
; x
n
n ln
(<.8-;9)
Ck ohukhløm <.8-;9 pkrk jozhcks `lmkrlks dk>
x e x e
e jozhck x x0 ;0 x; 0; x0 00
; ; 0 0
; ;;
;;
<K.;; Hgmdu
Hgmduhtlvl
htlvldkd
dkd tì
tìrjlh
rjlhkk do ck kkromk
romk do hu
hukrzg
krzg
_mk juostrk têplhk do kromk do hukrzg tlomo cks sliulomtos prgplodkdos k 06¶H.
Hgjpgmomto Arkhhløm do vgcujom l e ,hkc
,hkc/hj s E
/hj
l ; > Xêclho 6,?;6 06,4 ;6 8
06,4
l 0 > Aocdospktg 6,618 9,6 ;6
8
XGC_HLØM
k) K pkrtlr
pkrtlr do ck ohukhløm
ohukhløm (<K.;;-0)>
(<K.;;-0)>
;
; 8 e l
l ; ; i n
8 n ; e 6
i
Hgjg ck sujktgrlk os do n : ; k 85 hgm n pkrk osaorks : ;/8
;
; e l ;
l 8 ; ;
e ; 8
6
8
; ;
el ; 0 el 0e 6 el
l ;
8 e 6 8 8 8 e 6 8e 6
8e 6
l
0e6 e l
,
y dlvldlomdg oc mujorkdgr y domgjlmkdgr doc soiumdg jloj`rg pgr e 6 , so tlomo>
8
l
0 el / e 6 (;)
i i 0 i 8
pkrk osaorks ;
; / 8
Cgs vkcgros rosuctkmtos l , k pkrtlr do ck ohukhløm (<K.;;-0) pkrk kromk skturkdk do kiuk sgm>
8 8
6 ;
0 e6 / e 6 8
8 8
; 6,;28
0 e; / e 6 06,4 ;68
0 8
;,40 ;6
8 8
0 6,488
0 e0 / e 6 9, 6 ;68
0 8
;, 4400 ;6
y kpclhkmdg ck ohukhløm (<K.;;-;) tomojgs>
M
e 6 l el / e 6 l
l 6
e oa M
6
l l
l
Kquê pkrk (kromk skturkdk do kiuk), tomojgs M : 0 (dgs aksos do søcldgs> sêclho y aocdospktg), y ck
e
akso hgmtlmuk l 6 (om oc kiuk). Omtgmhos ck oa do ck jozhck os (kpclhkmdg cks sujktgrlks)>
e ;e;; 0 e 0 0
e oa 6 6 6
66 ;; 00
(0)
\ roojpckzkmdg cgs dktgs>
; 6, 66;40 6, 409 6,;28 6, 6064 6, ?; 6, 488 6, 669 6, 618
e oa
; 6, 409 6,;28 6, ?; 6, 488 6, 618
e 1,8 ;68 hkc
hkc/hjsE 1 , 0 ;6
8
oa
vs g`sorvkdg
;
0 ;
l
8
; e l / e 6 ; i 0
; e l / e 6 ; i 8
; 0 ;
6 ;,666
8 ; ;, 40
40 / ; 40 ; 6,;0? ; ;, 4
;,, 40 400 /;;,, 40 ; 6, 9
40 ?
9?
Cuoig>
; 0 ;
; 6,026
8 ; 06, 4 / ;,
;, 40
40 ; 6,;0? ; 06, 4 / ;,
;, 40
40 ; 6, 9?
9?
; 0 ;
0 6,?80
8 ; 9, 6 / ;,
;, 40 ; 6,;0?
40 ; 9, 6 / ;,
;, 40 ; 6, 9?
40 9?
\ roojpckzkmdg om ck ohukhløm (0)
e ;e;; 0 e 0 0
e oa 6 6 6
66 ;; 00
; 6, 66;40 6, 409 6, 026 6, 6064 6, ?;6 6, ?80 6, 6696 6, 618
e oa
; 6, 409 6, 02 6, ?; 6, ?80 6, 618
e oa 1,0
,000 ;68 hkc/hj.s.E
, ostkmdg om jongr khuordg hgm oc vkcgr g`sorvkdg
8
1,0 ;6 hkc/
hkc/hj
hj.s
.s.E
.E
e / e 8805 e0 / e6 ;;4
Vkrk ck jlsjk kromk hukmdg ostë hgjpcotkjomto sohk ; 6 , ck ohukhløm
(<K.;;-0) hgm cks rohgjomdkhlgmos do do Qrlos dk cgs vkcgros.
; 0 ;
6 ;,666
8 ; ; ; 6,;0? ; ; ; 6, 9?
9?
; 0 ;
; 6,6;9;
8 ; 880 ; 6,;0? ; 880 ; 6, 99??
; 0 0
0 6,6642
8 ; ;;4 ; 6,;0? ; ;;4 ; 6, 9?
9?
y ck ohukhløm (<K.;;-;) hgm oc akhtgr do hgrrohhløm do do Qrlos pkrk kromk sohk dk>
e
Cks prodlhhlgmos do oa sgm jës dlaêhlcos pkrk kromk sohk quo pkrk kromk skturkdk do kiuk. _m
jgdocg osaorgldkc khbktkdg dk pghk vomtknk do khuordg k cgs prosomtos dktgs.
<K.;0 Hëchu
Hëchucgs
cgs do dlëjo
dlëjotrgs
trgs jgc
jgcohuck
ohuckros
ros k pkrtlr do prgp
prgplodkd
lodkdos
os do trkmspg
trkmspgrto
rto
k) Dotorjlmkr
Dotorjlmkr oc dlëjotrg
dlëjotrg jgcohuckr
jgcohuckr d doc
doc kriøm k pkrtlr do ck ohukhløm ;.4-< y ck vlshgsldkd
h) Hkchuckr
Hkchuckr y hgjpkrkr
hgjpkrkr cgs vkcgros
vkcgros doc dlëjotrg
dlëjotrg do hgclsløm
hgclsløm do Commkrd-Ngmos k pkrtlr do cgs
jlsjgs dktgs oxporljomtkcos quo so uskrgm om cgs lmhlsgs k) y `) utlclzkmdg / do ck tk`ck O.;.
d) ·[uì puodo
puodo hgmhculrso
hgmhculrso k pkrtlr do cgs hëchucgs
hëchucgs kmtorlgros7
kmtorlgros7
XGC_HLØM
k) Ck ohukhløm (;.4-<)
(;.4-<) y oc vkcgr do ck vlshgsldkd doc prg`cojk
prg`cojk <K.0 prgduhom oc sliulomto
sliulomto hëchucg
do dlëjotrg jgcohuckr pkrk oc Kr om umldkdos his>
0 j T /
8 d 0 (;.4-<)
;/0
0 J T
d 8 M 8 ?
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0 0
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`) Ck ohukhløm (<.8-;0) y oc vkcgr do e doc
doc prg`cojk <K.0 dkm oc sliulomto hëchucg doc dlëjotrg
jgcohuckr pkrk oc Kr om umldkdos his>
j T /
e
d 0 j (<.8-;0)
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;6
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h) Ck ohukhløm (;.4-;4),
(;.4-;4), cks tk`cks O.; y O.0 O.0 y ck vlshgsldkd doc
doc prg`cojk <K.0 dkm pkrk oc Kr om
umldkdos his>
? j T
;1 0
(;.4-;4)
;/4
J T
?
5 092 ;6? Vk
0, 09 Vk.s : 0,092 ;64 i/hj s
;1
M
g T 866E
8, 48
480 K 5 / ;00, 4 E 0, 4?
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e 6,;4294
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2
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Ck ohukhløm (<.8-;8 y ;4), tk`cks O.; y O.0 y oc vkcgr do e doc doc prg`cojk <K.0 dkm pkrk oc K r om
om
umldkdos his>
0? j T ˁ
e H v
80 0 e
(<.8-;8)
;? P ? ˁ
e v
H
4 J 0 (<.8-;4)
;? P ? ˁ 86 P 8 P
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v
Om (<.8-;4)> 4 J 0 H H v 06 J 0 J
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H
Kdojës P M cuoig 0 J y roojpckzkmdg om <.8-;8 hgm j J / M , so tlomo>
v
;/0 ;/0
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;
e 0
e e
0
80 M
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;
e 0
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Vorg
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;1 8 08
Omsegi doskrrgccø umk togrêk hlmìtlhk pkrk cks prgplodkdos do trkmspgrto do iksos domsgs. Dojgstrø
quo pkrk jgcìhucks ldokclzkdks hgjg osaorks rêildks do dlëjotrg 6 .
Q ;
g `g y 6, 2 6, 9 911; y (<H.;-;)
e Q
;
g
;, 0 6, 99??? y
e `g y
(<H.;-0)
g g
Kquê y e sgm cks prgplodkdos k `knk prosløm (hkchuckdgs, pgr onojpcg, k pkrtlr do cks
`g `g
y ; 6, 10?6 6, 021< ...
PT Q Q
Q
(<H.;-8)
Ostks tros ohukhlgmos prgpgrhlgmkm cks hgrrohhlgmos do domsldkd pkrk ck vlshgsldkd y hgmduhtlvldkd
tìrjlhk do um iks blpgtìtlhg hgmstltuldg pgr osaorks rêildks.
Omsegi suilrlø kdojës quo, pkrk iksos rokcos, l) y puodo prgpgrhlgmkrso ojpêrlhkjomto pgr>
Q p
y ;
P T Q
(<H.;-4)
dgmdo so uskm dktgs oxporljomtkcos do p Q T , y ll) `g puodo dotorjlmkrso knustkmdg oc jêmljg
g
om ck hurvk do ( / )Q hgmtrk y.
ck hkmtldkd y doalmldk pgr ck ohukhløm <H.;-4 puodo hkchuckrso hgjg umk aumhløm do ck prosløm y
tojporkturk roduhldks k pkrtlr do>
; cm ^ / cm T r p
y ^ r
;
; cm ^ / cm pr T
r
(<H.;-?)
um dlkirkjk do e / e h hgjg umk aumhløm do pr y T r ·Huëcos sorêkm cks cljltkhlgmos doc dlkirkjk
rosuctkmto7 Osto prghodljlomtg auo uskdg pgr Hgjlmis y Mktbkm, porg utlclzkmdg dktgs ospohêalhgs
T Q (Q ` )
(<H.;-1)
pkrk oc jlsjg prgpøsltg7 Cks hkmtldkdos k y ` sgm hgmstkmtos hkrkhtorêstlhks do hkdk iks.
XGC_HLØM
k) Ck ohukhløm (<H.;-4)
(<H.;-4) puodo oshrl`lrso hgm ck prosløm y tojporkturk hgjg cks vkrlk`cos
lmdopomdlomtos, do ck sliulomto agrjk>
Q Q / T p
y ;
P Q / p T
(;)
Q PT^ cm ^
0 ;
T T p cm p T
(8)
Xustltuyomdg cks oxproslgmos (0) y (8) om ck oxprosløm (;) pkrk y tomojgs>
P^ cm ^
;
^T p cm T p
y PT^ ;
p
0 ; cm ^
p cm
p T
; cm ^
^T P^p cm T p
0
y ;
p PT^p cm ^
;
cm p T
; cm ^ / cm T ; cm ^ / cm T
y ^
p
y
p
; ;
r
Q
a pr , T r
g `g
Q g
a pr , T r
`g
(4)
Kmëcgikjomto pkrk ck ohukhløm (<H.;-0)>
e Q ;
e g `g y ;,0 6.
6.9?
9??
? y
a e pr , T r
Ck quo pgdojgs doalmlr hgjg umk aumhløm , os dohlr
;
;, 0 6.9?? y a e pr , T r
y
e Q
a e pr , T r
e g `g
g
Q e
a e pr , T r
`g e
(?)
Vgr cg quo dì (4) y (?)
g
e
a pr , Tr g
a e pr , T r
e
e g a e pr , T r
eg a pr , Tr