Introduction

Attacks by terrorists are occurrences that have never happened before and represent substantial threats to
communities, which can change the way people live. The devastating terrorist attacks that took place in the
United States on September 11, 2001, marked a crucial turning point in the history of the country. Over two
thousand citizens, military officials, and firefighters were killed in the sequence of bombs and aircraft seizures
that were carried out by members of Al Qaeda, an Islamic extremist organisation (Gaibulloev & Sandler, 2019).
The 19 terrorists who were involved in the attacks also died (Gaibulloev & Sandler, 2019). In addition,
America's commercial centres were obliterated, which resulted in a precipitous decline in the country's gross
domestic product. As a direct result of the occurrence, Americans' cultural perceptions, as well as their
economic developments and political orientations, shifted after the fact.