SPECIFICATION – YOU NEED TO KNOW EVERYTHING

ENERGY AND WORK

Energy is the ability to do work, and without energy, no work will be done.
When a force causes a body to move, work is being done on the object by the force. Work is the
measure of energy transfer when a force ‘F’ moves an object through a distance ‘d’.

Work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance. The relationship
between work done, W, force, F, and distance, d, moved in the direction of the force is:

 work done (E) is measured in joules (J)

 force (F) is measured in newtons (N)
 distance (d) is in the same direction as the force and is measured in meters (m)

The amount of work done when a force acts on a body depends on two things:

 the size of the force acting on the object

 the distance through which the force causes the body to move in the direction of the force

Energy is transferred when work is done. Work done against frictional forces causes energy
transfer by heating.

Students should be able to discuss the transfer of kinetic energy in particular situations, for
example, shuttle re-entry into the atmosphere or meteorites burning up in the atmosphere
and braking systems on vehicles.
FRICTION AT WORK
Energy is transferred when work is done. Work done against frictional forces causes energy
transfer by heating.

Students should be able to discuss the transfer of kinetic energy in particular situations, for
example, shuttle re-entry into the atmosphere or meteorites burning up in the atmosphere
and braking systems on vehicles
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY (REVISION – DISCUSSED IN HOOK’S
LAW)
The amount of elastic potential energy stored in a stretched spring (assuming the limit of
proportionality has not been exceeded) can be calculated using the equation:

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

An object gains gravitational potential energy when it is raised vertically because work is done
against the gravitational force. The relationship between gravitational potential energy, Ep ,
mass, m, gravitational field strength, g, and height, h, is:
Examples and summary questions.
KINETIC ENERGY – The energy possessed due to motion
The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and its velocity. The relationship
between
kinetic energy, Ek , mass, m and velocity, v, is:
Students should understand that when the mass of an object is doubled if it is traveling at the
same speed it will have twice the kinetic energy. They should understand that an object
traveling at twice the speed of another object with the same mass will have four times the
kinetic energy and should be able to apply this the idea in the context of road safety. (remind
me to explain and give examples of these in class)

POWER
Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done. The
relationship between power, P, work done, W, or energy transferred, E, and time, t, is
ENERGY TRANSFERS, CONSERVATION AND DISSIPATION OF
ENERGY
When a system changes, energy is transferred. A system is an object or group of objects.
Students should be able to identify when and where energy has been transferred using concepts
such as kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and elastic potential energy.
Students should be able to identify when and where energy has been transferred using
concepts such as
kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.
A simple pendulum is an example of oscillating motion and energy is transferred between kinetic
energy and gravitational potential energy.
USEFUL AND WASTED ENERGY.

 Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or

destroyed.
 When energy is transferred only part of it may be usefully transferred; the rest is
dissipated so that it is stored in less useful ways. This energy is often described as being
‘wasted’.
 Friction and air resistance are forces that dissipate energy by heating the surroundings.

YOU MUST KNOW!!!

 EF
FICIENCY – INCLUDING SANKEY DIAGRAM
The efficiency of a device can be calculated using:

Students may be required to calculate efficiency as a decimal or as a percentage.

The energy flow in a system can be represented using Sankey diagrams.
Students should be able to draw and interpret Sankey diagrams to show how the overall
energy in a system is redistributed when the system is changed but there is no net change to
the total energy.
Past papers
Scan the QR code for practice questions. Each week you will be given a worksheet and selected
questions to work on.
https://www.physicsandmathstutor.com/physics-revision/gcse-aqa/forces/