SPIN FINISH

SPIN FINISH COMPONENTS

1. Lubricants, 2. Fibre to Fibre friction aids, 3. Antistatic Agent,

4. Emulsifiers, 5. Softeners.

1. Lubricants : The ease of entanglement of any fibre of circular cross-section depends

upon the diameter or denier of that fibre. As the denier increases the resistance to
deformation increases and the tendency to pilling decreases. The relationship is not
linear the fibre rigidity increases as the square of the fibre denier.

2. Fibre to Fibre friction aids : Mineral oils, linear esters, branched esters, polyalkylene
glycols, polyoxyalkylene mono esters.

3. Antistatic Agent :
(1) Anionics : Alkyl alcohol sulphates, alkyl alcohol phosphates, alkyl alcohol
ethoxylates (sulphate and phosphate).
(2) Nonionics : Alkyl Phenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylamine
ethoxylates, polyoxyalkylene glycol derivatives.
(3) Cationics : Imidazole quaternaries, alkyl quaternaries.

4. Emulsifiers :
(1) Anionics : Alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl alcohol phosphates, alkyl alcohol
sulphates, alkyl alcohol ethoxylates (sulphate and phosphate), sulphosuccinates,
fatty acid soaps.
(2) Nonionics : Alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty acid
ethoxylates, sorbitol sorbitan, alkylamine ethoxylates, alkanolamides,
alkanolamide ethoxylates.
(3) Cationics : Quaternary fatty amines.

SPIN FINISH COMPOSITIONS

For Polyamide : Mineral Oil = 20%

Butyl stearate = 30%
Sorbitol (ethylene oxide)40
Hexaoleate = 30%
Pot.Salt 1-decylalcohol (ethylene oxide)6
Phosphate = 20%
For Texturised Nylon : Polyoxyethylene oxypropylene glycol = 50 – 80%
Nonyl Phenol (ethylene oxide)10
Pentacrythritol tetra stearate = 10 – 40%

For Carpet Yarn : Trideoyl Stearate = 40 – 60%

Leic (ethylene oxide)10
Sod.Petroleum Sulphate = 20 – 30%

For Nylon Filament Yarn : Trimethylol propane triopelargonate = 50%

Nonyl Phenol (ethylene oxide)8 = 25%
Imidazoline quaternary = 25%

For Nylon Filament Yarn : Octyl stearate = 70%

Lawryl alcohol (ethylene oxide)8 = 20%
Nonyl Phenol (ethylene oxide)8 = 9.7%
Pot. Salt of oleic acid = 0.3%

For Polyester : Butyl stearate (Lubricant) = 50%

Pot.Salt of hexyl phosphate(antistatic agent) = 13%
Isopropyl amine salt of dodecyl benzene
Sulphonic acid (Emulsifer) = 5%
Sorbitol (ethylene oxide)4
Tetra oleate (Lubricant) = 22%
Antioxidant = 2%

For Tex. PET : Mineral Oil (Lubricant) = 30%

Deyl alcohol (ethylene oxide)7 (Emulsifer) = 20%
Pot. Salt of Lawryl alcohol(ethylene oxide)4
Phosphate (Antistatic agent) = 20%
Trimethylol propane tris pelargonate = 30%

For PET : Paraffin = 4%

Mineralod = 4%
Stearic acid = 8%
TEA = 5%
Water = 78.5%
Silicone defoamer = 0.5%
For Draw Tex. PET : Biotridecyl Stearate = 53%
Sorbitol (ethylene oxide)10 tetra oleate = 40%
Monolawrate
Nonyl Phenol (ethylene oxide)5 = 5%
Polyoxyethylene – oxypropylene glycol = 2%

High Temp. Filament : Coconut Oil = 63-67%

Sod. glycol trioleate sulphate = 13-17%
Nonyl Phenol (ethylene oxide)3 = 8-12%
Mono & diglycerol oleate = 8-12%

For Staple Fibre : C11 to C13 – secondary alcohol = 48-52%

TEA Salt decyl alcohol phosphate = 33-37%
Sorbitol (ethylene oxide)4 monolaurate = 13-17%

Coning Oil : White mineral oil (Lubricant) = 83.45%

Polyisobutylene (Sling control) = 0.45%
Silicone Polymer (Wetting agent) = 0.10%
(Ethylene oxide), alcohol (Emulsifier) = 12%
(Ethylene oxide)6,5 alcohol (Emulsifier) = 3.2%
Water (Clarifer) = 0.8%
 ANTISTATIC FINISH

The generation of static electricity on textile fibres leads to a variety of problems both
during manufacturing and consumers use. They are as follows :

1. It can cause difficulties in opening, extruding or carding the fibres.

2. It causes difficulties in keeping fabrics lint and soil free during processing.
3. It causes the generation of electric shocks when walking on carpets or sliding over
upholstery.
4. Static electricity generated on fabrics can interfere with the operation of computers and
other sensitive electronic instruments.
5. It can cause failure of parachutes to open.
6. It can cause problems in setting off discharges of sufficient magnitude to ignite
flammable vapours and dusts.
7. Hospital operating rooms are an area where the static propensity of textiles has come
under close scrutiny.
a. Injury due to electric discharge to a conductor leading into the heart or major
blood vessels of a patient.
b. Equipment failure due to discharge through sensitive components of electronic
equipment.
c. Injury due to involuntary movement of surgical personnel receiving a static shock
during a critical moment of surgery.
d. Improvement of personnel efficiency due to changing of drapes or shuts caused
by static charges.
8. It causes excessive yarn irregularity.
9. It causes nep formation during carding.
10. It also causes fibre lapping during roller drafting.
11. During melt spinning of PET and Nylon filaments, static attraction causes breakages.
12. The yarn may balloon during winding processors a result of similarly changed individual
filaments repelling each other.
13. It causes the sticking of fabric to the rollers over which they are being drawn during
finishing.
14. Operators at the delivery end of a stenter or a sanforizing machine may get electric
shocks because of static electricity.
15. Garments made of synthetic fibres attract soil during normal wear, which is difficult to
remove.
16. Sparks created by the garments because of excessive accumulation of static electricity are
particularly dangerous for workers in cool mines, oil refineries and so on.
 NON-DURABLE ANTISTATIC AGENTS

ANIONIC CATIONICS AMPHOTERIES NON-IONICS

ANIONIC ANTISTATIC AGENTS

1. Sod. Pota. And Amine salts of fatty acids.

2. Sulphates (Salts of Sulphuric acid Esters) : These include sulphated triglycerides, fatty
acids, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol ethoxylates and fatty amides.
3. Phosphate esters : These includes alcohols, polyoxyethylenated aliphatic alcohols and
polyoxy ethylenated alkyl phenols.

Cationics :

They are organic acid salt of alkylamines, alkylamides, alkylimidazoles and quaternary
ammonium compounds.

Amphoterics :

Amino Carboxylic acids.

Non-ionics :

1. Ethylene Oxide adduct of : Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols, alkylamines,
alkylamides.
2. Amide like Compounds : Alkanolamides.
3. Polyols : Polyethylene Glycol 1540.
4. Polyalkylene glycol Mono ethers – monohydroxy oxyethylene oxy 1,2-propylene betyl
monoethers.

Durable antistatic agents :

1. Disquaternated alkylens diamines. Hoechst developed it.

R1 R1
| |
R – N+ –– (CH2)3 –– N+ 2X–
| |
R1 R1
2. Thermally stable Quaternary ammonium compounds. It is based on alkyl-phosphate
anions.

R2 OR5
|
R1 – N+ –– R4 10 –– P
| ||
R3 O OR5

R2 OR5
|
R1 – N+ –– (CH2) n –– NH –– C –– R4 10 – –– P
| ||
R3 O OR5

3. Semister Salt of alkyl phosphonic acids.

OC2H5

C8H17 –– P
||
O OK

Octane phosphonic acid ethyl ester potassium salt.

4. Long chain amine oxide.

CH3
|
CnH2n+1 –– N –– O
|
CH3
Amine Oxids.

1. When a resin precondensate made by reacting melamine with formaldhyde and

polyethylene oxide is applied to Poly amids, PET, PVA or CA in the presence of
ammonium nitrate by the pad-dry-cure, these fibres do not give static troubles.
2. A condensation product of fatty acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, lawric acid,
glycerins and ethylene oxides is useful for rendering PET and Nylon materials antistatic.
Another antistatic agent is produced by reacting a Sod. Salt of diamino stilbene
dissulphonic acid with diglycidyl ether of glycens.
 3. When stearamide – propyl – dimethyl Nonyl – etheneoxy ammonium chloride is applied
as an aqueous dispersion by the Pad-dry-cure process, it gives a wash-fast antistatic finish
on hydrophobias fibres.
4. A product based on the ammonium or sod. salt of a copolymer of maleic acid and styrene
is recommended as an antistatic agent for polyamide and PET fibres. It is applied an
aqueous liquor in the presence of Poly glycol and ammonium chloride by the pad-dry-
cure process.
5. When aqueous liquor containing a diglycidxyl ether of polyethylene glycol and an amine
such as ethylene diamins or triethylene titramine is applied by the pad-dry-cure process, it
makes the Synthetic fibres antistatic.
6. A condensation product of ethylene pentamine with ethylene oxide and dichloride of
polyethylene glycol is a useful antistatic agent for synthetic fibres.
7. Products based on polyethylene glycol derivatives of polyamides a combination of
polyamine with epichlorohydrin or polyeponides and quaternary ammonium derivatives
of such products have been suggested.
8. Complex acrylic polymers have also been suggested including both copolymers with
ethylene oxide actually formed in the fibres and terpolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and
cellulose methacrylate as antistatic agents. A reaction product of polyethylene glycol
with Vinyl acrylic copolymer is also used as an antistatic agent.
9. a combination of silicones and fluorochemicals with polyaziridenyl derivatives and
polyethoxy based polyelectrolytes and block copolymers and siloxanes and polyglycols
have been claimed as antistatic agents for synthetic fibres.
10. Compounds based on amido-phosphoric acid esters such as diethyl stearyl amido
phosphate, diethyl oleylamido phosphate, polyammonium quaternary salt derivatives
from dimethylamine acrylate, diethyl amino ethyl methacrylate, and morpholine N-ethyl
methacrylate are recommended as antistatic agents.
11. For acrylic fibres, the use of polyethylene glycol acrylate prepared by reacting PEG with
acrylic acid in molar proportions of 1:1.5 in a benzene solution using sulphuric acid as a
catalyzed is also suggested.

In 1957, durable antistatic agent consisting of cationic polyelectrolytes containing

polyethylene oxide segments, were first disclosed. These are based on polyamines containing
poly (oxyethylene) groups in their backbone.

–– [NH (CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2NHR] X or [ N – (CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2 ] X

In polymers of the first type, cross-link density could be varied by changing R or n, and
in the second type, only by changing n. The polymers of the first type are formed in site in
Nylon, PET or CTA fabrics by impregnating the fabrics with a mixture of a poly-functional
amine like diethylene triamins, hexamethylene diamine or bis(3-amino-propyl) amine and poly
(ethylene glycol) dilodide as co-reactants.
The second type of the polymers are formed by reacting dihalides with amines containing
one primary amino group in 1:1 molar ratio.