5G Architecture and Specifications VERTICALS, AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
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Product specifications and descriptions in this document are subject to change without notice.
O1 O1 E2 E2 O1 Examples of Service Adaptive Slices with Dynamic Deployments of Flexible Radio, RAN, Core functions and Transport, Data Centers resources 30186386 928 0822 5g-po-fop-nse-ae
LTE/5G V2N
O-RU O-DU O-CU/O-CU-CP/O-CU-UP
eMBB Traffic lights,
Fiber, PON, E-UTRAN MEC Core Network High
Importance road side
LTE/5G I2N
Edge cloud
E2E Network Slice Lifecycle Management Enhanced Mobile A H infrastructure LTE/5G

xHAUL TRANSPORT
Multi-Access
WDM, TSN Edge 4.5G EPC 3GPP (Radio, RAN, Core) &
OSS/BSS SDN-C Data Lake Broadband P2N
S5/ non-3GPP (Transport xHAUL, Data Center) network domains
4.5G eNB
Computing (C-Core)
S11 S8-C SGi-C NFVO & Analytics Medium
4.5G LTE W1-C/U
CU SGi-C
AU/RU DU 4.5G LTE W1-C/U X2-C X2-U S1-MME MME SGW-C PGW-C TDF-C B Low G 5G Disaggregated RAN Functional Split
4.5G eMBB LTE/5G V2I

DevOps Closed Loop Automation

LLS
5G NR F1-U V2P
4.5G EPC Sxa-C/U Sxb-C/U Sxc-C/U 3GPP Release 15 5G gNB F1 LTE/5G V2V via
5G NR F1-C (D-Core) MEC / eMBMS LTE/5G V2V
S5/ SGi-U
AU/RU DU 5Gen-gNB
5G gNB 5G en-gNB S1-U S8-U 5G gNB 5G gNB
Core (UP) Option 2
5G
SGi-U (CU)
Core (CP) CU (HLS) DU (HLS)
LLS 5G NR F1-C CU-CP
CU-C E1 CU-UP (DU) standardized
SGW-U PGW-U TDF-U
5G gNB C F
5G NR F1-U (AU/RU)
Transport Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors
X2-U S1-MME/S1-U network Edge DC Local DC Central DC RRC PDCP High- Low- High- Low- High- Low- RF Reference source: 5GAA Whitepaper: Toward fully connected vehicles: Edge V2I V2N V2V V2P NB-IoT
X2-C S1-MME/S1-U NR RLC RLC MAC MAC PHY PHY computing for advanced automotive communications, Figure 1
4.5G LTE W1-C/U
AU/RU DU 4.5G/5G
4.5G/5G
CU 5G Next Generation Core (NGC, 5GC) mMTC D E URLLC
Data Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8
URLLC
LLS 5G NR F1-C/U (C-Core)
Xn-C Xn-U NG-C Massive machine Ultra-reliable and xMB-C/U
V2X V2X
Application type communications low latency communications Option 7 standardized V2
5G NR F1-U N11 Server O-DU O-RU Control Application
in O-RAN Alliance V4 Function Server MB2-C/U
5G NR F1-C E1 AMF SMF
5G gNB 5G gNB NG-C N2 Core (CP) BM-SC
Source: 3GPP TR 38.801 V14.0.0 (2017-03) Figure 11.1.1-1
CU-CP CU-UP
5G gNB
(CU)
Core (UP) A Peak Data Rate - 20Gbps SGi
N4 SG-mb SGi-mb
AU/RU DU 5G NR F1-C NG-U 5G gNB Transport
5G
LLS Xn-C Xn-U
(DU)
network B Area Traffic Capacity - 10Mbps/m2 Protocol Stacks for Open Fronthaul (7-2x) HSS
Sm
5G NR F1-U 5G Next Generation Core (NGC, 5GC) Edge DC Local DC Central DC MBMS-GW
NR S6a
(D-Core) C Network Energy Efficiency - 100 Times S11
MME SGW/PGW
4.5G LTE W1-C/U N6
AU/RU DU 4.5G ng-eNB NG-U S1-MME S1-U
UPF DN D Connection Density - 106/km2 (1 per m2) Control Plane M1
4.5G
LLS 4.5G LTE W1-C/U
CU N3 mMTC y Open RAN Fronthaul packet scheduling commands
M3
4G eNB

NG-RAN
E Latency - 1ms(Radio segment) for both Downlink and Uplink data transfers
LTE-Uu LTE-Uu
Application C-plane
y Beamforming commands
Server
F Mobility - 500 km/h Scheduling commands (DL and UL) and LTE-Uu
LTE-Uu
Transport xHAUL Midhaul Sidehaul Backhaul
5G gNB Core G Spectrum Efficiency - 3 Times Beamforming commands
User Plane
V3 V3 V3 V3
Higher Layer Split (HLS) X2 between E-UTRAN base stations S1 between E-UTRAN & 4.5G EPC (CU + DU) (CP & UP) UE A PC5 UE B PC5 UE C UE D

Fronthaul Xn between NG-RAN base stations NG between NG-RAN & 5GC Transport H User Experienced Data Rate - 100Mbps U-plane
y DL and UL IQ Data in FFT Frequency Domain (Vehicle) (Vehicle) (Pedestrian) (Stationary)
4.5G LTE W1 NR network PC5
Lower Layer Split (LLS) 5G NR F1
Edge DC Local DC Central DC y PRACH IQ Data in Uplink
Source: Rec. ITU-R M.2083-0 Figure 3 and 4 DL IQ data in FFT frequency domain
V2X V5 V2X V5 V2X V2X
UL IQ data in FFT frequency domain Application Application Application Application
V1
O-DU O-RU Synchronization Plane V1 V1 V1
PRACH IQ data
NOTES 1. LLS, AU, (O-)RU are not standardized in 3GPP 2. Some elements of 4.5G and 5G core network are not shown in this network architecture diagram
y Timing and Synchronization Data
S-plane V5
4G LTE C-V2X control eMBMS
Timing and Synchronization Management Plane Reference sources: 3GPP TS 23.285 - Figure 4.2.1.1-1, Figure 4.2.2-1a, Figure 4.2.2-1b and applications

5G ARCHITECTURE OPTIONS 5G RADIO SS and PBCH Block

5G RAN M-plane
y Static O-RU Configuration provided by DU
– Radio parameters: frequency band, number of
Non-Standalone (NSA) (EN-DC) Architecture with Disaggregated RAN
SPECIFICATIONS
NETCONF with SSHv2
antennas, power level

Non Standalone (NSA) with Multi Connectivity Standalone (SA) Massive MIMO Beam Forming & Management SS/PBCH Blocks Burst Set Periodicity is network configurable {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms – Transport settings: Ethernet, VLAN, eCPRI settings
- 20ms is the default for initial Cell selection Functional Split y O-RU management
(PM counters, alarms, SW update, debug)
y O-RU state change notification (sync)
Option 3/3a/3x Option 2 UE 5G gNB Burst period = 5ms
Interface Estimated Transport Latency Option 3: User Plane
anchored in the 4G MeNB - Specifications – Requirements & Architecture
4G EPC 5G NGC SS Burst SS Burst SS Burst X2 5-30 milliseconds between the 4G MeNB and 5G SgB in EN-DC mode Dynamic Offload to 5G NR V4 V6
Cell (and Beam) Acquisition TR 22.885: Study on LTE support for V2X services
For contention-based SS Block - PSS and SSS
LLS 250 microseconds (more likely to be <100 us) Option 3a: User Plane
random access, an asso- MasterInformationBlock
5G gNB SS/PBCH blocks anchored in the 5G SgNB – TS 22.886: Study on enhancement of 3GPP support for 5G
4G eNB 5G en-gNB ciation between SS block SystemInformationBlock-
HLS 1.5~10 milliseconds (more likely to be <0.5-1ms) No Offload NETCONF V2X services
(MN) (SN) in the SS burst set and a Remaining System Information (RMSI) [PDSCH] Type1 Candidate slots for SS/PBCH Blocks transmissions
V4 application is V6 application is
subset of RACH resources Other System Information (OSI) [PDSCH] Common for all Beams Operating
L SCS
Slots in a Burst
Period (Slot Burst Period = 5ms S1 Varies depending on services requirements (<1ms ... 10ms) Option 3x: User Plane SSH 16777355 16777356 TS 22.185: Service requirements for V2X services
and/or preamble indices within a Cell Frequency
is configured by a set of SystemInformationBlock- duration) anchored in the 5G SgNB –
parameters in RMSI Random Access Procedure Type2 and above < 3GHz 4 15 kHz 5 (1ms) Dynamic Offload to 4G LTE eCPRI/RoE TCP Diameter Diameter TS 22.186: Service requirements for enhanced V2X scenarios
Option 4/4a Option 7/7a/7x Option 5 (FR1)
TS 23.285: Architecture enhancements for V2X services
Random access preamble (msg1) [PRACH] 30kHz 10 (0.5ms) UDP (Optional) IP SCTP SCTP
5G NGC 5G NGC 5G NGC TS 33.185: Security aspect for LTE support of V2X services
Random access response (RAR) (Msg2) [PDSCH] Transport Transport
3GHz to 6GHz
(FR1)
8 15kHz 5 (1ms) IP (Optional) PTP SyncE PTP SyncE
Msg3 [PUSCH] MME S-GW TR 37.885: Study on evaluation methodology of new V2X use
4G ng-eNB 5G gNB 4G ng-eNB 5G SgNB 30kHz 10 (0.5ms) 4G EPC Ethernet L2 + VLAN Ethernet L2 Ethernet L2 + VLAN cases for LTE & NR
4G ng-eNB Msg4 [PDSCH]
(SN) (MN) (MN) (SN) > 6GHz (FR2) 64 120kHz 40 (0.125ms) S1-U
S1-MME/S1-U Option 3a/3x
Example variants of Ethernet L1 Ethernet L1 Ethernet L1 Specifications - Protocols Reference Points
Radio Link (and Beam) Monitoring 240kHz 80 (62.5us) possible CU-DU splits
Option 3 TS 24.385: V2X services Management Object (MO)
RLM-RS (Radio Link Monitoring) 239 P
C/U Plane S Plane M Plane
X2-C/U 5G gNB E1 gNB
B
L is the maximum number of SS/PBCH blocks within a C gNB TS 24.386: User Equipment (UE) to V2X Control Function Protocol aspects; Stage 3 SDP V3
SS/PBCH blocks - SSB and/or CSI-RS Periodic 4G MeNB (CU) SgNB
single SS burst set per cell 192
H
Option 3/3x (CU) (CU-C) (CU-U)
182 (en-gNB) TS 29.388: V2X Control Function to HSS aspects (V4); Stage 3 V4
SSB SSB MeNB
5G 3GPP RELEASES HIGHLIGHTS
Beam Failure Recovery 5G NR SS and PBCH Block Bandwidth P P

Functional Split for Open Fronthaul (7-2x)

P S
FR1: Case A – 15kHz SCS: 3.6MHz Subcarrier S
B
C
S
B
C
HLS-F1-C/U TS 29.389: Inter-V2X Control Function Signaling aspects (V6); Stage 3 V6
S S
Beam Failure Recovery Request [PUCCH] FR1: Case B – 30kHz SCS: 7.2MHz Number H H
Midhaul
FR1: Case C – 30kHz SCS: 7.2MHz 56
PDCCH Order [PDSCH] FR2: Case D – 120kHz SCS: 28.8MHz Beam Sweeping F1-C/U F1-C F1-U 3GPP TS 22.185 V2V V2P V2I V2N
Release 15 Release 16 Release 17 Release 18: 5G-Advanced 47 P
Random access preamble (Msg1) [PRACH] FR2: Case E – 240kHz SCS: 57.6MHz B
(DU)
5G NR Enhancement for NR NR MIMO Under study and Random access response (RAR) (Msg2) [PDCCH] 0
C
H
O-DU Latency <= 100ms
With or without RSU
<= 100ms
With or without RSU
<= 100ms (with RSU) <= 1000ms (E2E)

(New Radio) - URLLC NR sidelink enhancement specification work (Only RAN

Each SS/PBCH blocks is
0 1 2 3 LLS Orchestration & <= 20ms (without RSU) <= 20ms (without RSU)
Initial release NR Industrial IoT 52.6 - 71 GHz with existing item listed)
RRC Connection Reconfiguration [PDSCH] • 4 OFDM Symbols in the time domain
• 240 contiguous Subcarriers in the frequency domain gNB gNB gNB Automation Scrambling
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete [PUSCH] OFDM symbol number (AU/RU) Potential V2X service Mutual Vehicle Road safety use cases Road safety use cases Mutual Vehicle
The 5G System - NR-based access to waveform MIMO evolution Fronthaul (DU) (DU) (DU)
Phase 1 unlicensed spectrum Dynamic Spectrum Sharing AI/ML for NR Air interface Modulation Awareness and Road
safety
Awareness use
case
Integrated Access and enhancement Evolution of NR Duplex Time-frequency structure of the synchronization
A1
Refer to 3GPP TS 38.213 Section 4.1 for more details LTE-Uu
Backhaul (IAB) Industrial IoT / URLLC Operation signal and PBCH block NR-Uu Layer Mapping Reliability
NR V2X enhancement NR sidelink evolution Radio Protocols, Management & Procedures Specifications Source: 3GPP TS 38.300 V15.0.0 (2017-12) Figure 5.2.4-1 NOTE: LLS, AU/RU are not standardized in 3GPP.
RAN Intelligent
High reliability without requiring application-layer message retransmissions

5G X2X with NR IoT over Non Terrestrial Expanded and improved NR UE Precoding Message Periodic broadcast - 50-300 bytes, Event-triggered - up to 1200 bytes
sidelink Network (NTN) positioning Comparison of Key Radio Characteristics and Parameters Controller Size, Frequency Up to 10 messages per second per transmitting UE
NR positioning support NR over Non Terrestrial NR RedCap UE 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G New Radio (NR) RE Mapping Range
Optimisations on Network (NTN) Network Energy Saving 4G LTE-Advanced
Radio Access Network (RAN) Specifications E2
Driver(s) ample response time (e.g. 4 seconds)

5G New Radio (NR) Speed

UE radio capability NR Positioning enhancement NR Network-controlled Service Data Adaptation SDAP : 3GPP TS 37.324 IQ Compression V2V maximum relative velocity of the UEs is 500 km/h
1
Pro
signaling Low complexity NR devices Repeaters Protocol Interface Protocols and Specifications NE1 NE2 V2V and V2P maximum absolute velocity is 250 km/h
Multi-RAT CU

4G LTE-Advanced Pro
UE Power Saving in NR Power saving DSS enhancement Deployment mode 4G works Non-standalone (NSA): 4G Master – 5G Secondary in EN-DC mode
NR MIMO enhancement NR coverage enhancement Low-power wake-up signal Radio Resource Control RRC: 3GPP TS 36.331 NR-RRC: 3GPP TS 38.331 RAN – S1 S1-MME (S1-AP): 3GPP TS 36.413 MME eNB F1
independent of 5G is dependent on 4G coordination- supports both fixed and mobility Protocol Stack Open Front Haul
NR mobility NR eXtended Reality (XR) and receiver 3G scenarios Core S1-MME (EPS NAS): 3GPP TS 24.301 3GPP TS 22.186 Vehicles Platooning1 Advanced Driving2 Extended Sensors3 Remote Driving4
enhancement NB-IoT and LTE-MTC Multi-carrier enhancement Packet Data Convergence PDCP: 3GPP TS 36.323 NR-PDCP: 3GPP TS 38.323 S1-U: 3GPP TS 29.281
Frame Size, Subframe 10ms, 1ms 10ms, 1ms Max end-to-end latency (ms) 10-25 3 3-100 5
2-step RACH for NR enhancement XR enhancement Protocol
Size Inter base X2 X2-AP: 3GPP TS 36.423 eNB eNB O-RU
LTE-NR & NR-NR Dual 5G Multicast broadcast NR sidelink relay Reliability (%) 90-99.99 99.999 95-99.999 99.999
Radio Link Control RLC: 3GPP TS 36.322 NR-RLC: 3GPP TS 38.322 stations X2-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281) MeNB en-gNB/
Connectivity and NR Multi-Radio DCCA enhancement Waveform OFDM UL/DL: CP-OFDM IQ Decompression
SgNB RAN Distribution Data Rate 12kbps-65Mbps 30Mbps 10-1000Mbps (1Gbps) UL: 25Mbps
5G New Radio (NR)

Carrier Aggregation enhancement NR NTN enhancement UL: DFT-spread OFDM DL: 1Mbps
enhancement Multi SIM IoT NTN enhancement
LTE-based 5G terrestrial Integrated access and NR Support for UAV
Medium Access Control MAC: 3GPP TS 36.321 NR-MAC: 3GPP TS 38.321
Multiplexing FDD/TDD FDD & Dynamic TDD CU DU W1 W1-AP: 3GPP TS 37.473 eNB-CU eNB-DU Unit (O-DU) Precoding
Min required communication 80-350 meters 500 meters 50-1000 meters (1km) N/A
broadcast backhaul (IAB) enhancement Dual Tx/Rx MUSIM Higher W1-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281) ng-eNB-CU ng-eNB-DU range5 2.2-9.7 seconds 13.8 seconds 1.4-27.7 seconds
Cross Link Interference NR Sidelink relay In-Device Co-existence (IDC) Physical Layer PHY NR-PHY Layer Split Open Front Haul
Digital Beamforming
(CLI) handling and RAN Slicing enhancement Channel Modulation Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM , π/2-BPSK (Transform precoding (HLS)
1: Cooperative driving for vehicle platooning Information exchange between a group of UEs

Remote Interference Enhancement for small data Mobile Terminated-Small Data 1024QAM enabled in the UL) IFFT & CP Addition 2: Emergency trajectory alignment between UEs

Management (RIM) SON / MDT enhancement Transmission Physical channels and 3GPP TS 36.211 3GPP TS 38.211 Uplink: 256QAM QPSK for control channels and signals RAN – NG NG-C (NG-AP): 3GPP TS 38.413 NGC NG-RAN RAN Remote Radio 3: Sensor information sharing between UEs

for NR NR QoE NR Multicast and Broadcast modulation Core NG-C (5GS NAS): 3GPP TS 24.501 Unit (O-RU) Digital to Analog 4: Information exchange between a UE supporting V2X application and a V2X Application Server) absolute speed of up to 250 km/h
5: meters, seconds, (130km/h)
5GS enablers for new Satellite components in 5G service enhancement Multiplexing and channel 3GPP TS 36.212 3GPP TS 38.212 Channel Coding Data: Turbo Data: LDPC NG-U: 3GPP TS 29.281

5G New Radio (NR)

verticals (IA, TSC, architecture Mobile IAB coding Control: Control: Downlink – Polar Code Analog Beamforming
URLLC, NPN, CIoT, V2X, Non-Public Network AI/ML for NG-RAN Inter base Xn Xn-AP: 3GPP TS 38.423 gNB gNB
Convolutional Uplink – Block and Polar (higher rates) Codes
etc.) enhancement NR QoE enhancement Physical layer procedures 3GPP TS 36.213 3GPP TS 38.213 (control) stations Xn-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281) gNB ng-eNB
Railways
communication
Network Automation for 5G
- Phase 2
Resiliency for gNB-CU
Data collection for SON/MDT
Physical layer 3GPP TS 36.214
3GPP TS 38.214 (data)
3GPP TS 38.215
Frequency Bands Up to 6GHz FR1: 450 MHz to 6GHz
FR2: 24.25 to 52.6 GHz CU DU F1 F1-AP: 3GPP TS 38.473 gNB-CU gNB-DU
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
5G CORE
5G Wireless Wireline Edge Computing in 5GC
Convergence Proximity based services in Measurements Higher F1-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281)
Carrier Aggregation Up to 32 CCs Different bandwidth parts can be associated with different
Network Analytics 5GS User Equipment (UE) 3GPP TS 36.101 3GPP TS 38.101-1: Part 1: Range 1 Standalone numerologies (subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix)
Layer Split 5GC 5G Core Network eMBB Enhanced Mobile NB-IoT Narrow Band SDAP Service Data Adaptation
enhancement
Network Slicing
Network Slicing Phase 2
Enhancement for V2X services
radio transmission and 3GPP TS 38.101-2: Part 2: Range 2 Standalone Refer to 3GPP TS 38.300 Section 6.10 for more details (HLS) Control and User Plane Separation with 5G Core Architecture 5GS 5G System
Broadband Internet of Things Protocol

reception 3GPP TS 38.101-3: Part 3: Range 1 and Range 2 Interworking Up to 16 CCs - can be aggregated to 6.4GHz of transmission bandwidth eNB Evolved Node B NFVO NFV Orchestrator SDN-C SDN Controller
enhancement Advanced interactive services operation with other radios CU Control E1 E1-AP: 3GPP TS 38.463 gNB-CU-CP gNB-CU-UP AMF Access and Mobility
SRVCC Access Traffic Steering, Switch 3GPP TS 38.101-4: Part 4: Performance requirements Numerology Static Based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing ∆f = 2 × 15 kHz µ User Plane Management Function EPC Evolved Packet Core NG-
RAN
NG Radio Access
Network
SGW Serving GW

Location Services and Splitting support in 5GS Separation AS Access Stratum EPS Evolved Packet System SMF Session Management
enhancement architecture Base Station (BS) 3GPP TS 36.104 3GPP TS 38.104 NR New Radio Function
Common API for 3GPP Unmanned Aerial Systems radio transmission and Sub carriers Spacing 15KHz ∆f = 2 × 15 kHz
µ AU/RU Antenna Unit / FDD Frequency Division
UDC NWDAF Radio Unit Duplex NSA Non-Standalone SN Secondary Node
Northbound APIs 5GC Location Services reception (SCS) µ={0,1,3,4} for PSS, SSS and PBCH
µ={0,1,2,3} for other channels
Radio Access Network (RAN) Protocol Stacks
Multimedia Priority Service
Requirements for 3GPP TS 36.133 3GPP TS 38.133
NSSF NEF NRF UDM AUSF PCF AF BHR Backhaul Rate FFT Fast Fourier Transform  OSI Other System
information
SUL Supplementary Uplink

(MPS) Transmission Slot 14 (7 per slot) FR1: 15, 30, 60kHz

F 1-C F 1-U Xn-C Xn-U NG-C NG-U E1 BM-SC Broadcast Multicast FR Frequency Range TDD Time Division Duplex
support of radio resource
5G Wireless and Wireline Duration FR2: 60, 120kHz (240kHz applicable to only SSB)  
Service Center OSS Operations Support
management PDCP3, Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Naf Nnwdaf System TDF Traffic Detection
Convergence Higher SCS for larger bandwidth, shorter slots, lower latency 5GS- User RRC BSS Business Support gNB Next Generation nodeB Function
5G LAN-type services Physical layer; General 3GPP TS 36.201 3GPP TS 38.201 Lower SCS improves delay spread robustness NAS1, 2 Data (IP) System PDCP Packet Data
UPF enhancement for description NR-RRC SDAP1
NR-
PDCP3,
Control Plane BWP Bandwidth Part
HLS Higher Layer Split Convergence Protocol TSN Time-Sensitive
Networking
control and 5G Service Based Slot Duration 0.5ms each slot Normal Cyclic Prefix: 14 Symbols – supported for All SCS
Services provided by the 3GPP TS 36.302 3GPP TS 38.202 NR-RRC 5GS-
NAS2
Function Group AMF SMF LDPC Low-Density PFCP Packet Forwarding
Architecture Extended Cyclic Prefix: 12 Symbols – supported for SCS 60kHz NR-PDCP3 CBRS Citizens Broadband Parity-Check Control Plane TTI Transmission Time
physical layer Radio Service Interval
Slots per Subframe 2 Number of Slots per Subframe depends on the Sub-carrier spacing F1-AP GTP-U Xn-AP GTP-U NG-AP GTP-U E1-AP N1 N2 N4 LLS Lower Layer Split PGW PDN Gateway
User Equipment (UE) 3GPP TS 36.304 3GPP TS 38.304 CoMP Coordinated UE User equipment

procedures in idle mode

(SCS) SCTP UDP SCTP UDP SCTP UDP SCTP Data Multipoint PHY Physical Layer
µ=0: 15 kHz SCS: 1 ms slot, 1 slot per sub-frame MAC Medium Access Control UP User Plane
µ=1: 30 kHz SCS: 0.5 ms slot, 2 slots per sub-frame Transport Transport Transport Transport UPF Network CP Control Plane PON Passive Optical Network 
Multi-RAT Co-Existence 3GPP TR 37.872: Supplementary uplink (SUL) and LTE-NR co-existence N3 N6 MBMS Multimedia Broadcast UPF User Plane Function
µ=2: 60 kHz SCS: 0.25 ms slot, 4 slots per sub-frame CP Cyclic Prefix Multicast Service RAN Radio Access Network
µ=3: 120 kHz SCS: 0.125 ms slot, 8 slots per sub-frame URLLC Ultra-reliable
W1-C W1-U X2-C X2-U S 1-MME S 1-U 5G gNB User Plane CPRI Common Public MBMS- MBMS Gateway RAT Radio Access Low Latency

5G ARCHITECTURE SPECIFICATIONS
1
Applicable only when the 5G gNB is connected to the 5G NGC µ=4: 240 kHz SCS: 0.0625 ms slot (only used for synchronization, not Radio Interface GW Technologies Communications
for data) PDCP3, UE 5G NR Function
NAS User RRC CU Central Unit MIMO Multiple-Input RLC Radio Link Control V2I Vehicle-to-
Data (IP) Multiple-Output Infrastructure
Channel Bandwidth Max. 20MHz FR1: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100MHz only when connected to 5G NGC
Physical Channels & Signals
1
NR- CUPS Control and User Plane RMSI Remaining System
FR2: 50, 100, 200, 400MHz RRC Separation MME Mobility Management Information V2N Vehicle-to-Network
4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G New Radio (NR) PDCP3, EPS- 2
non-access stratum (NAS) encrypted/ Entity
NR-RRC NAS2 DC Data Center RRC Radio Resource Control V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian
Downlink Maximum Channel Bandwidth PDCP3 ciphered at the NAS protocol layers
S1-AP GTP-U mMTC Massive Machine Type
System Architecture 3GPP TS 23.401: GPRS enhancements for 3GPP TS 23.501: System architecture for the Can be used for estimation of channel- 15 kHz SCS (FR1): 50MHz W1-AP GTP-U NOTE: this core network architecture diagram focuses on CUPS only and does not show all core network elements DN Data Network Communications RSU Roadside Unit V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
Channels NR-PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel 
X2-AP GTP-U 3
access stratum (AS) encrypted/ciphered at
E-UTRAN access 5G System (5GS) state information (CSI) to further 30 kHz SCS (FR1): 100MHz
NR-PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel prepare feedback reporting to gNB to SCTP UDP SCTP UDP
SCTP UDP the PDCP protocol layers for control and user DU Distributed Unit MN Master Node SA Standalone V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
3GPP TS 23.402: Architecture enhancements 3GPP TS 23.502: Procedures for the 5G 60 kHz SCS (FR1): 100MHz
NR-PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel assist in MCS selection, beamforming, plane; user plane PDCP compressed
for non-3GPP accesses System (5GS) 60 kHz SCS (FR2): 200MHz Transport Transport Transport eCPRI Enhanced Common NAS Non-Access SCS Sub carriers WDM Wavelength-division
MIMO rank selection and resource Public Radio Stratum Spacing multiplexing
120 kHz SCS (FR2): 400MHz
5G New Radio (NR)

Policy and Charging 3GPP TS 23.203: Policy and charging 3GPP TS 23.503: Policy and charging control Signals NR-PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal allocation. CSI-RS also can be used for Interface
interference measurement and fine
Control control architecture framework for the 5G System (5GS) NR-SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal frequency/time tracking purposes Bandwidth Part (BWP) Not applicable BWP consists of a group of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs)
NR-DM-RS: Demodulation Reference Signal
Security Architecture 3GPP TS 33.401: 3GPP SAE; 3GPP TS 33.501: Security architecture and
UE can be configured with up to four carrier bandwidth parts in the
Security architecture procedures for 5G System NR-CSI-RS: Channel-State Information Reference Signal
RAN Overall Description 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN NR-PT-RS: Phase-Tracking Reference Signal
Can be used in addition to the DM-RS
for PDSCH for correcting common
downlink/uplink/supplemental uplink (if configured) with a single
downlink/uplink/supplemental uplink (if configured) carrier bandwidth RANtoCore™ TRANSPORT, FIBER, METRO, AND RF TEST PRODUCTS VIAVI NITRO™
Overall description; Stage 2 Overall description; Stage-2 phase error between PDSCH symbols part being active at a given time
Uplink not containing DM-RS. It may also be
Device emulation Mobile network ONT-800: OneAdvisor 800: Fiber optic test OneAdvisor 800: Network
RAN Architecture 3GPP TS 36.401: E-UTRAN; 3GPP TS 38.401: NG-RAN; used for Doppler and time varying From network perspective, different bandwidth parts can be associated
Architecture description Architecture description Channels NR-PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel channel tracking with different numerologies (subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix) and network test and IP data / industry-leading signal analysis, solutions: T-BERD/ timing, sync, eCPRI, Integrated Test,
NR-PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel Apps emulation optical transport interference analysis, MTS-2000 and GNSS, dual-port 100G Real-time analytics
Multi-connectivity 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; NR-PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel TTI 1ms Scalable Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 Can be used in addition to the DM-RS testing to 400G beamforming analysis FiberChek Sidewinder and Optimization
for PUSCH for correcting common
Schedulers assign radio resources in a unit of TTI (e.g. one mini-slot,
Signals NR-DM-RS: Demodulation Reference Signal one slot, or multiple slots). Data transmissions can be scheduled on and cable/antenna
Control User 3GPP TS 23.214: Architecture enhancements Native support phase error between PUSCH symbols
not containing DM-RS. It may also be a slot basis, as well as on a partial slot basis, where the partial slot analysis
Plane Separation for control and user plane separation of NR-PT-RS: Phase-Tracking Reference Signal 3Z RF Vision:
used for Doppler and time varying transmissions that may occur several times within one slot. The
EPC nodes channel tracking TM500, E500 Antenna Alignment Tool
NR-SRS: Sounding Reference Signal supported partial slot allocations and scheduling intervals are
CU DU RAN functions 3GPP TS 37.470: W1 interface; 3GPP TS 38.470: NG-RAN; F1 general aspects • 2, 4 and 7 symbols for normal cyclic prefix
dis-aggregation General aspects and principles and principles • 2, 4 and 6 symbols for extended cyclic prefix
Reference source: 3GPP Submission of initial 5G description for IMT-2020 LABS TRIALS PRE-COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL - INSTALL OPTIMIZATION AUTOMATION