) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Literature: Mirror to a
Shared Heritage of People
with Diverse Backgrounds

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

CULTURE

is the characteristics and knowledge of a

particular group of people, encompassing
language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music,
and arts.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

DIVERSITY

refers to the existence of variations of different

characteristics in a group of people. These
characteristics could be everything that makes us
unique, such as our cognitive skills and personality
traits, along with the things that shape our
identity.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

HERITAGE

is our legacy from the past, what we live with

today, and what we pass on to future generations.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What is
Literature?
 LITERATURE
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
derived from the Latin word litaritura/litteratura
“writing formed with letters.”

a body of written works that reflects

the background of a certain culture.
poetry
novels
history,
biography
essays
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
BASIC TYPES OF
LITERATURE

Fiction Non-Fiction
 Fiction
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

a product of a writer’s imagination

can be inspired by actual or
completely made-up events

Ex.: The Story of the Aged Mother

 Non-Fiction
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

based on facts
a writing about real people, places, and
events
biographies
auto-biographies
interviews.
“Long Walk to Freedom” is an autobiography, a self-
written story, of Nelson Mandela who was a South
African activist and former president (1918-2013)
(1918-2013)..
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

01 Setting

refers to the time and place in which the

action of the story happens
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

02 Plot

defined as an interrelated sequence of

events in a story
RI
SIN
GA
CT
IO
N
occurs at the beginning
of a story.
characters
setting
we are introduced to the
main conflict.
 occurs at the beginning of a story.
characters
setting
we are introduced to the main conflict.
 This is the part when

N
IO
tension starts to

CT
GA
build.

SIN
RI
 a turning point in

N
IO
the story

CT
GA
SIN
"peak" or the
RI
highest point of
interest
 N
IO
the problems and

CT
complications begin

GA
to be resolved.

SIN
RI
 N
IO
conclusion or

CT
GA
ending of a story

SIN
RI
Source: https://www.sgasd.org/cms/lib2/pa01001732/centricity/moduleinstance/967/plot%20notes.pdf
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

03 Characters
refers to a person, an object, an animal, or
imaginary creature personified in the story.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

03 Characters
refers to a person, an object, an animal, or
imaginary creature personified in the story.

Protagonist Antagonist
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Protagonist Antagonist

the main character who also a main character

does heroic acts in who opposes the
the story. protagonist in some way
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

04 Conflict
problem that the main characters have to face
man vs. man
man vs. self
man vs. society
man vs. supernatural
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

05 Point of View
is the angle of narration or the perspective
from which the story is told.
first person POV third person POV
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
first person POV
The narrator is a character in the story

uses the personal pronoun "I".

third person POV

The narrator is removed from the story and tells it
from an outside perspective.
uses personal pronouns like "he," "she," and "they"

Note: There are other types of point of view other than these two, but the
firstperson point of view and the third person point of view are the common
ones.

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ELEMENTS OF A STORY
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

06 Theme
central idea of a story.