GENERAL

BIOLOGY 2
 SCHEDULE
CONTENT DATE
LESSON 1: May 1-5, 2023
REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS May 1 – LABOR DAY
May 8-12, 2023
LESSON 2: May 15-19, 2023
GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT/CIRCULATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Lesson 3 May 22-26, 2023

CHEMICAL AND NERVOUS CONTROL AND SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS IN PLANTS AND
ANIMALS

LESSON 4 May 29-June 2, 2023

REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

LESSON 5 June 5-9, 2023

HOMEOSTASIS
LESSON 6 June 12-16, 2023
FEEDBACK MECHANISMS JUNE 12 – INDEPENDENCE DAY
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS MODEL PRESENTATION June 23, 2023
SSUBMISSION OF HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS MAGAZINE June 30, 2023
 LESSON 1:
REPRODUCTION,
DEVELOPMENT AND
NUTRITION IN
PLANTS AND
ANIMALS
 WHAT IS THE
IMPORTANCE OF
REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS AND ANIMALS?
 REPRODUCTION
AND DEVELOPMENT
IN FLOWERING
PLANTS
 REPRODUCTION
➢is the process by which organisms give rise to
new individuals like themselves.
➢ensures perpetuation of the species and helps
protect it from the risk of extinction
➢Maybe sexual or asexual.
➢Sexual reproduction differs from asexual
reproduction in the production of sex cells (or
gametes) that unite through a process called
fertilization.
LIFE CYCLE
➢is the generation-to-generation
sequence of stages in the
reproductive history of an
organism, from conception to
production of its own offspring.
PLANT LIFE CYCLE
 LIFE CYCLE AND REPRODUCTION
➢When we see a seed sprout, we say to
ourselves,
➢“ a new life has begun”.
➢We watch with excitement and
patience as the seedling grows.
➢We are full of joy when the first flower
bud appears in the new plant.
➢Then the flower is replaced by a fruit
with a seed inside, and we say to
ourselves.. :
➢“ The plant has completed one
cycle”
GENERAL LIFE CYCLE OF PLANTS:
 Gametophyte
➢Stage of the life cycle of a
plant that is haploid; stage
that produces gametes via
mitosis; these gametes
fuse to form a zygote that
develops into a
sporophyte.
 Sporophyte
• Stage of the life cycle of a
plant that is diploid; it is
the most recognizable
structure in most
flowering plants; it
produces haploid spores
by meiosis in structures
called sporangia.
B. THE FLOWER
3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 19
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Pistil or Carpels
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
 Plant Development

3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 31

Development
in Flowering
Plants
I. DEVELOPMENT OF MALE
ANDFEMALE GAMETOPHYTE

33
A. MALE GAMETOPHYTE
➢ The microsporangium in
the anther contains
numerous microsporocytes.
Each microsporocyte will
undergo meiosis to produce
four haploid microspores
each microspore develops
into a pollen grain
(containing two sperm
nuclei and one tube
nucleus).
B. FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
➢The megasporangium in the
ovule contains megasporocytes.
One megasporocyte will undergo
meiosis to produce four haploid
megaspores three megaspores
degenerate remaining megaspore
divides mitotically three times, an
embryo sac with eight haploid
nuclei membranes partition to
make the embryo sac multicellular
II. POLLINATION

36
II. Pollination
➢ Transfer of pollen
grain from the
anther to the
stigma
➢ May be animal-
aided or wind-
aided
 III. DOUBLE
FERTILIZATION

38
 III. DOUBLE FERTILIZATION
➢A. Inside a pollen grain there is a tube
cell and generative cell generative cell
divides to produce two sperm cells while
the tube cell becomes pollen tube
pollen tube elongates along the style
and penetrates the ovule in the ovary
via the micropyle (an opening) pollen
tube discharges the sperm cells into the
embryo sac inside the ovule one sperm
unites with the egg to form the zygote
while the other sperm fuses with the
polar nuclei to become the endosperm,
which serves as food of the early
embryo
IV. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

41
IV. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT (EMBRYOGENESIS)
➢A. Zygote divides mitotically to produce
the proembryo and suspensor, which
anchors the proembryo and transfers
nutrients from the parent plant to it
cotyledons appear on the proembryo
(monocots have only one cotyledon whereas
dicots have two) proembryo elongates into
an embryo.
V. MATURATION OF OVARY AND
OVULE
➢Ovary matures into fruit
while the ovule becomes the
seed. The seed may become
dormant for some time.
 VI. SEED GERMINATION
➢A. Transformation of seed to seedling
➢B. Seed undergoes imbibition to break
dormancy nutrients stored in the endosperm or
cotyledons are digested and transferred to the
growing regions of the embryo to primary
meristems (protoderm, ground meristem,
procambium) develop to radicle emerges to
plumule breaks through the soil surface
 VII. SEEDLING GROWTH TO
MATURE PLANT
➢Primary meristems differentiate
to become the different plant
tissues
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT