Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MICROBIOLOGY
Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy
With best wishes, presented by,
GENERAL
BACTERIOLOGY
Group-B (Short Note)
1. Bacterial Spore (2021 P1) 11. Transport media. (2014 P1)
2. LJ Media(2021 P1) 12. Enrichment media. (2013 P1)
3. Bacterial Capsule. (2020 P1) 13. Mutation. (2012 P1)
4. Bacterial cell wall. (2019 P1) 14. Bacterial capsule. (2011 P1)
5. Fumigation of Operation Theatre. 15. Plasmid. (2011 P1)
(2019 P1) 16. Bacterial spore. (2010 P1)
6. Bacterial mortality. (2018 P1) 17. Transport media. (2010 P1)
7. Bacterial spore. (2017 P1)
8. Bacterial capsule. (2016 P1)
9. Sterilization. (2016 P1)
10. Bacterial spore. (2015 P1)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Flagella and Fimbria. (2020 P1)
2. Sterilization and disinfection. (2018 P1)
3. Transcription and translation. (2018 P1)
4. Tyndallisation & Inspissation. (2017 P1)
5. Cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. (2016 P1)
6. Antiseptic and disinfectants. (2015 P1)
7. Eukaryote and prokaryote. (2015 P1)
8. Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall. (2014 P1)
9. Dry heat and moist heat sterilisation. (2013 P1)
10.Lag phase and log phase. (2012 P1)
11.Flagella and fimbriae. (2011 P1)
IMMUNOLOGY
Group-B (Short Note)
1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity (2021 P1) 2. ELISA. (2020 P1)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cell wall (2021 P1)
2. Active immunity & passive immunity. (2020 P1)
3. T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. (2019 P1)
4. Primary immune response and secondary immune recponse. (2017 P1)
5. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. (2015 P1)
6. Primary and secondary immunity. (2014 P1)
7. T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte. (2013 P1)
8. Immunofluorescence and ELISA. (2013 P1)
9. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. (2012 P1)
10. Agglutination and precipitation. (2011 P1)
SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
Group-A (Long Question)
1. A 40 yrs old man came to the OPD with a history of fever for 2 weeks. He had coated
tongue,relative bradycardia, mild hepatosplenomegaly and a rash of Roseola spots.
What is your diagnosis? What is the causative organism? How will you proceed for
diagnosis in the laboratory? (2021 P1)
2. One young male patient came to OPD with painless penile ulcer for 7 days. He had a
history of exposure (2021 P1)
i. Name the probable clinical condition
ii. Nme the causative Organism responsible
iii. How will you confirm the case in the laboratory?
iv. Enumerate the other important tests to be done in this situation
.
3. A 8 year old child has been brought to chest OPD with complaints of fever for a month
not exceeding 100OF, cough with occasional haemoptysis and weakness. i) What may
be the clinical diagnosis? ii) What is the etiological agents of the clinical condition? iii)
How will you proceed to confirm the case in laboratory? iv) Discuss briefly on immune-
prophylaxis against the disease. 1+2+4+3 (2020 P1)
4. A 25 year old newly married female patient attended the hospital OPD with the
complaints of fever, frequency of micturition & burning sensation during micturition
for last three days. Physical examination revealed raised body temperature &
tenderness over the loin. i) Name the probable clinical diagnosis. ii) Name the common
causative microorganism(s). iii) Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of such a case.
1+3+6 (2020 P1)
5. A 30 year old man has been brought to the hospital OPD with the complain of cough, fever
and haemoptysis
for the last one month. Name two clinical conditions that may be commonly
considered in the differential
diagnosis for the above condition. Name a bacterial agent commonly responsible for
causing such a condition. Name a skin test useful in the diagnosis of the infection
caused by this bacteria. Describe briefly the steps of isolation and identification of
above bacteria in the microbiology laboratory. 22+1+1+6
(2019 P1)
6. A 35 year old bus conductor came to the OPD with the complain of a painless penile ulcer for
7 days and a
recent history of exposure. What could be the clinical condition? Name the organism
responsible for the condition. How will you confirm this in the laboratory? l+l+8
(2019 P1)
7. A 10 years old child has been brought to the OPD with fever for last 3 days, pain in the
throat and difficulty in swallowing. On examination child had 100○C fever, throat was
congested, cervical lymph nodes were enlarged and tender and pus points seen over
tonsillar follicles. What may be the clinical diagnosis? Name the different bacteria
causing the condition. How will you proceed to identify the agent(s) and how would the
clinician be benefitted from the laboratory report? What complication can occurs
following such infections? 2+2+4+1+1 (2018 P1)
8. A 10 year old boy is brought to the OPD with complaints of passage of stool mixed
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
10 YEARS CHAPTERWISE by TMCP STUDENTS’ UNIT --- MICROBIOLOGY
mucus and occasional blood for more than 10 times for last 2 days. He has pain
abdomen and cries on defecation. What will be your provisional diagnosis? Enlist the
bacterial pathogens associated with the clinical condition. Describe the laboratory
diagnosis of such a case. Name two systemic complications associated with specific
pathogens which could occur after resolution of clinical condition. 1+3+4+2 (2018 P1)
9. A 25 years female patient was brought to the hospital who has been suffering from
fever and weakness for last 10 days. Physical examination revealed raised body
temperature and there was relative bradycardia coated tongue, splenomegaly and
hepatomegaly. Write the probable clinical diagnosis. Nome the causative bacterial
agent. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of such a case. Mention how occurrence of
such disease can be prevented. 2+1+5+2 (2017 P1)
10. A truck driver age 26 years attend the hospital with complain of one painless ulcer
over his external genitalia. He gave history of sexual exposure 2 month back. Apart
from the ulcer physical examination revealed swollen non-tender discrete inguinal
lymph node. Write the probable clinical diagnosis. Name the probable causative
bacteria. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of such a case. Mention the other test you
should perform to rule out any other infection that may accompany such case. 1+1+6+2
(2017 P1)
11. A child has been brought to the hospital emergency with passage of rice water stool
and severe dehydration with tachycardia and feeble pulse. What is your provisional
diagnosis? Write down the pathogenesis of the disease. Give an outline of laboratory
diagnosis of the disease. 1+3+6 (2016 P1)
12. A male baby of 4 weeks has been admitted to the hospital with fever, drowsiness,
irritability, vomiting and photophobia. On examination there was neck rigidity and CSF
was turbid. What is your clinical diagnosis? Name the predominant bacterial agents
causing such illness. How will you proceed to diagnose the ease in the laboratory?
1+3+5 (2016 P1)
13. An eight year old boy comes to the hospital emergency with fever, asphyxia and
toxaemia. On examination a pseudomembranous patch is found over the faucial area.
What is your provisional diagnosis? Name the causative organism. How will you
proceed to do laboratory diagnosis? Write briefly one in vivo and one in vitro test to
determine the virulence of the organism isolated. 1+1+4+4 (2015 P1)
14. A female aged about 53 years presented with evening rise of temperature not
exceeding 100 F for about a month accompanied by cough, expectoration and
occasional haemoptvsis. X-Ray chest showed opacity in the apical region of the right
lung. What is the provisional diagnosis? Name the etiological agent. Briefly discuss the
laboratory methods for isolation and identification of the organism from the sputum
sample and methods of drug sensitivity testing. 1+1+5+3 (2015 P1)
15. A two year old boy has been brought to the emergency with high fever, vomiting and
headache. On physical
examination, there was neck rigidity What is your provisional diagnosis? What are the
16. A 3 year old child presents to the OPD with acute sore throat, dysphagia, salivation and
mild fever.
On examination, an adherent thick greyish patch is found over the tonsil and
oropharynx which bleeds on removal. What is the clinical condition? What is the
causative bacteria? How will you collect the sample and proceed for laboratory
diagnosis? What is the method of prevention of such infection? 1+1+6+2 (2014 P1)
17. A middle aged person is suffering form low grade fever for 2 months along with cough
and occasional haemoptysis and gradual weight loss. Acid fast bacilli found on sputum
smear examination. What is your probable diagnosis? Name the etiological agent.
Briefly discuss the procedures adopted in the laboratory for the identification and
isolation of AFB from the sputum sample. How the immune status of such a patient
can be assessed? 1+2+4+3 (2013 P1)
18. Two friends went to a Chinese restaurant. They had soup followed by fried rice and
chilly chicken. After 2 hours they started vomiting followed by diarrhoea. They also
developed fever. On examination, the blood pressure was found to be low. What is your
diagnosis? What is the mechanism behind this manifestation? How can you diagnose
the case in the laboratory. 1+4+5 (2013 P1)
19. A 35 year old man with a history of contact with a female sex worker has come to OPD
with urethral discharge. The urethral discharge did not show any gram negative
diplococci. What is your diagnosis? What are the possible etiological agents? How will
you proceed for laboratory diagnosis of any one of these agents? What is L farm?
½+1½+6+2 (2012 P1)
20. A 12 year old boy has been brought to emergency with severe dehydration and cold
clammy extremities and history of frequent passage of painless watery stool. What is
the clinical condition and aetiological agent? Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory
diagnosis of this case. 1+4+5 (2012 P1)
21. An adult male suffering from continuous fever for five days is brought to the hospital.
On physical examination he had coated tongue, mild splenomegaly and relative
bradycardia. What is your provisional diagnosis? Name the causative bacteria. How
will you establish the laboratory diagnosis? Name the vaccines used for prevention of
this disease. 1+2+5+2 (2011 P1)
22. A baby of four weeks is admitted to the hospital with fever, drowsiness, irritability,
photophobia, vomiting. On examination, he was found to have neck rigidity. On lumber
puncture, CSF was found turbid. What is your clinical diagnosis? Name the bacteria
responsible for such illness. How will you establish the diagnose laboratory? 1+3+6
(2011 P1)
23. A 23-year old lady, married recently, attended the hospital with the complaints of fever with
chills
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
10 YEARS CHAPTERWISE by TMCP STUDENTS’ UNIT --- MICROBIOLOGY
increasing urinary frequency along with urgency and dysuria for the past 24 hours.
What IS the most probable diagnosis? What could be the infecting organism? What
other aetiological agents can be responsible for such presentation? How will you
proceed to find out the infecting organism in the laboratory? 1+1+2+6 (2010 P1)
24. A two year old girl presented with fever swelling of the neck, pharyngitis and difficulty
in deglution, a greenish black membrane in throat is seen on examination. What is the
provisional diagnosis? What other aetiological agent can be responsible for similar
presentation? Describe briefly how you will isolate the
aetiological agent i1n the laboratory. 1+2+7 (2010 P1)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Typical and atypical Mycobacteria (2021 P1)
2. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. (2021 P1)
3. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. (2020 P1)
4. Classical and El Tor vibrio. (2019 P1)
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
10 YEARS CHAPTERWISE by TMCP STUDENTS’ UNIT --- MICROBIOLOGY
PARASITOLOGY
Group-A (Long Question)
1. A middle aged male patient came to OPD with history of frequent passage of stool
mixed with mucus and blood (2021 P1)
i. What is the protozoa responsible for this?
ii. Discuss the lab diagnosis of this condition.
iii. Write in brief about two preventions.
2. Enumerate the arthropod borne parasitic diseases. Draw a schematic diagram to
describe the life cycle of any one of them. How will you diagnose this disease in the
laboratory? 3+3+4 (2020 P2)
3. A 40 year old patient came to hospital OPD complaining of heaviness in the right
hypochondrium.
C.T. scan reveals a cystic mass on the under surface of the liver. What is your
provisional diagnosis? What could be the causative agent? Name some possible
complications that can occur in this condition. How will you confirm the diagnosis in the
laboratory? l+l+3+5 (2019 P2)
4. A farmer from Bihar presented with fever and gradual weight loss since last three
months. He developed blackish pigmentation of skin, loss of appetite and was found to
have splenomegaly. Identify the clinical condition. Name the agents causing such
infections. How would you proceed to confirm the diagnosis in the laboratory? What
are the sequel that may develop after treatment and why? 1+1+4+4 (2018 P2)
5. A middle aged man presented with alternate day sudden onset fever associated with chills
and rigor for the last 10 days. Fever associated with sweating within a few hours. On
examination, he was found to be a anaemic and have mild hepatomegaly. What might
be the most probable clinical condition? Enumerate the possible etiological agent.
What are the route/s of entry of such agents? Describe the laboratory diagnosis of
search Condition. 1+2+1+6 (2017 P2)
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
10 YEARS CHAPTERWISE by TMCP STUDENTS’ UNIT --- MICROBIOLOGY
6. A 30 years old cachectic male migrant labour from attended the medical OPD with
complain of fever, severe weakness, pallor and palpitation. On examination he had
hepatomegaly and huge splenomegaly. What is the clinical diagnosis and the causative
agent of this condition? How will you confirm the diagnosis in the laboratory? 1+1+8
(2016 P2)
7. A 30 year old male from Pakur, Bihar has been admitted in the hospital with a history
of continuous fever. weakness. Blackening of skin and huge hepato-splenomegaly.
What Is-the provisional diagnosis ? Name the causative agent. Describe the
pathogenesis of the disease. How will you diagnose the disease in the laboratory?
1+1+4+4 (2014 P1)
8. A boy aged 10 years. residing in a rural area with low sonic-economic status attends
the OPD with complaints of indigestion. weakness and occasional pain in the
epigastrium. On examination he is found to be anaemic with low haemoglobin level.
Name the probable helminths causing such clinical condition. Discuss the pathogenesis
of such disease. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of the disease. 2+4+4 (2014 P1)
9. A 35 year old man, who is a security guard by profession and working at Kolkata was
brought to the emergency room of your hospital with fever, headache and diarrhoea.
As stated the fever is accompanied by chill and rigor and coming intermittently for
last 10 days. Each episode of fever persists for few hours and comes down with profuse
sweating. For these symptoms he had been treated with some antibiotics by local
medical practitioner. At the time of examination, his body temperature was raised,
blood pressure was 110/70 and spleen was palpable. Name the probable clinical
diagnosis. The common causative micro- organism(s) and the vector implicated.
Describe the laboratory diagnosis of such a case. 1+2+1+6 (2013 P2)
10. A patient has come to OPD with elephantiasis of one leg. What are the causative agents
for the illness? How the diseases is transmitted? Describe the pathogenesis of the
disease. How will you diagnose the case in laboratory? 1+1+4+4 (2012 P2)
11. A middle aged male patient was complaining of alternate day fever with chill and rigor for five
days. Name
the parasites responsible for this. How will you establish the laboratory
diagnosis? What are the complications of this disease? 1+6+3 (2011 P2)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Fertilized and unfertilized ova of Ascaris lumbricoides. (2021 P1)
2. Amastigote and Promastigote form of leishmania donovani. (2021 P1)
3. Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica & E. Coli. (2020 P2)
4. Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. (2019 P2)
5. Ring form of P. vivax and P. falciparum. (2019 P2)
6. Primary amoebic encephalitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. (2018 P2)
7. Gametocytes of P. vivax and P. falciparum. (2018 P2)
8. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli. (2017 P2)
9. Definitive host and intermediate host. (2016 P2)
10. T. Solium and T. Saginata. (2016 P2)
11. Cysticercus bovis and cellulose (2015 P2)
12. Microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. (2014 P1)
13. Floatation and sedimentation method of stool concentration technique. (2014 P1)
Edited by: Soumyadeb Roy Compiled by: Apurva Himmatsingka
10 YEARS CHAPTERWISE by TMCP STUDENTS’ UNIT --- MICROBIOLOGY
14. Morphological of early trophozoite of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum (2013
P2)
15. Cestode and nematode (2013 P2)
16. Cyst of E. histolytica and E. coli (2012 P2)
17. Microfilariae of W. bancrofti and B. malayi. (2012 P2)
18. Autoinfection can occur in some worm infections: comment on. (2010 P2)
VIROLOGY
Group-A (Long Question)
1. A 10 years old thalassemic boy with history of multiple blood transfusion developed
jaundice with fever since last 7 days. (2021 P1)
i. What is the most probable diagnosis?
ii. What is the most probable causative agent.?
iii. What laboratory test will you perform to confirm disease?
iv. What are the Vaccines available to prevent this disease?
2. Enumerate the arboviruses prevalent in India. Discuss the epidemiology of any one of
them. Describe the pathogenesis of dengue shock syndrome ? 3+3+4 (2020 P2)
3. A 38 year old woman comes to the OPD with unexplained fever, severe weight loss of more
than 10% and
chronic diarrhoea of more than 1 month. Her husband, a 45 year old truck driver,
gave history of repeated exposure. What is the probable clinical diagnosis? Name the
agent/agents responsible for the condition. What laboratory methods are available
for diagnosis of the condition? What fungal and parasitic infection might develop in
this patient with the progress of the disease? l+l+5+3 (2019 P2)
4. Enumerate the arbo viruses prevalent in India. List the causative agent of viral
haemorrhagic fever. describe the immunopathogenesis of dengue shock syndrome.
3+3+4 (2018 P2)
5. A 30 years old man, truck driver by profession, complained of generalized weakness along
with persistent diarrhoea for one month and loss of weight. He had history of exposure
a few month back. What might be the chemical condition? Which etiological agent are
responsible for such a condition? How will you process for library diagnosis? 1+2+7
(2017 P2)
6. A 10 years old boy suffering from thalassemia was admitted to the hospital with
complain of anorexia, indigestion and yellow discolouration of eyes and urine. On
examination he had moderate jaundice. He also gave a history of multiple blood
transfusion, what may be the probable diagnosis? How will you proceed to make a
7. What are the arboviruses prevalent in India? Name the causative organisms of viral
haemorrhagic Fever. Describe the pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome. 3+3+4
(2015 P2)
8. A boy having a history of dog bite 3 week ago, has been admitted in the hospital with
fever, headache and
muscle spasms particularly while trying to drink water. What is the clinical diagnosis
and etiological agent? Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of the disease. What is post
exposure prophylactic treatment. 2+4+4 (2013 P2)
9. A girl while playing sustained injury for which she attended the ER at a health care,
where she received one dose of Tetanus Toxoid. After few weeks she developed
jaundice, less of appetite and fever. What is your diagnosis and what are the agents?
How will you proceed for the diagnosis? Is there any vaccine against and what is that?
2+6+2 (2012 P2)
10. A non-immunised child with a history fever and loose motion presented with left sided
deltoid paralysis.
Name the clinical condition and etiological agent. How will you diagnose the case in
the laboratory? Discuss briefly the vaccine against this agent. What is the principle
behind the recent mass immunisation strategy against this agent in our country?
2+3+3+2 (2011 P2)
11. A40 year old man complains of anorexia, indigestion, haematemesis, jaundice fever on
and off associated with hepatomegaly. He gives history of blood transfusion given
about 6 years back when he met with an accident in a private hospital in a small town.
What could be the-aetiological agent? What laboratory investigations you will
perform to confirm the diagnosis? How this disease could have been prevented? As a
responsible health officer what will be your advice to the community? 1+6+2+1 (2010
P2)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Oral and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (2021 P1)
2. Bacteria & Virus. (2020 P2)
3. Orthomyxovirus & Paramyxovirus. (2020 P2)
4. Antigenic shift and antigenic drift. (2019 P2)
5. Live and killed vaccine. (2018 P2)
MYCOLOGY
Group-A (Long Question)
1. A middle aged man present at emergency with high fever, vomiting, neck stiffness ann
convulsive episodes. He was tested to be HIV seropositive six month back. On
examination there was neck rigidity and positive kernig’s sign. What is the likely
diagnosis of this patient? What common fungal agent could be responsible for this
condition and what is the route of transmission? How will you proceed for laboratory
diagnosis? 1+2+2+5 (2015 P2)
2. A 30-year old HIV positive male complains of headache, fever, vomiting and altered
sensorium. He showed signs of meningitis. CSF examination showed a capsulated
budding organism. What is your probable diagnosis? How will you confirm the
microbiological diagnosis? Enumerate certain fungal pathogens that can produce
meningitis. 2+5+3 (2010 P2)
Group-D (Difference)
1. Endothrix & Ectothrix. (2017 P2)
2. Cryptococcus and Candida albicans. (2016 P2)
3. Hyphae and pseudohyphae. (2015 P2)
4. Actinomycotic and Eumycotic Mycetoma. (2014 P1)
5. Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. (2011 P2)
6. Dermatophytes (short note). (2010 P2)
NOTES