First step toward diagnosis of kidney disease, your doctor discusses your personal and family history with

questions about whether you've been diagnosed with high blood pressure, if you've taken a medication tha
changes in your urinary habits and whether you have family members who have kidney disease. Next, you
signs of problems with your heart or blood vessels, and conducts a neurological exam.
For kidney disease diagnosis, you might also need certain tests and procedures to determine how severe yo
1) Blood tests. Kidney function tests look for the level of waste products, such as creatinine and urea,
2) Urine tests. Analyzing a sample of your urine can reveal abnormalities that point to chronic kidney
kidney disease.
3) Removing a sample of kidney tissue for testing. Your doctor might recommend a kidney biopsy, w
Kidney biopsy is often done with local anesthesia using a long, thin needle that's inserted through y
sent to a lab for testing to help determine what's causing your kidney problem.

1. High blood pressure can constrict and narrow the blood vessels, which eventually damages and
in the kidneys. The narrowing reduces blood flow. If your kidneys’ blood vessels are damaged, t
happens, the kidneys are not able to remove all wastes and extra fluid from your body. Extra flu
pressure even more, creating a dangerous cycle, and cause more damage leading to kidney failu
2. Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Over time, poor
blood vessel clusters in your kidneys that filter waste from your blood. If you have type 2 diabet
disease, a serious illness. In fact, diabetes is a leading cause for developing kidney disease. Type
and if your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. People with kid
more likely to die from a heart attack or stroke than patients with type 2 diabetes alone.

Dialysis is a treatment for individuals whose kidneys are failing. There are two types of dialysis
normal kidney functions, filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood.
Type 1) With hemodialysis, a machine removes blood from your body, filters it through a dialy
body. This 3- to 5-hour process may take place in a hospital or a dialysis center three times a we
You can also do hemodialysis at home. You may need at-home treatments four to seven times p
do home hemodialysis at night while you sleep.
Type 2) With peritoneal dialysis, tiny blood vessels inside the abdominal lining (peritoneum) fi
solution is a type of cleansing liquid that contains water, salt and other additives.
Peritoneal dialysis takes place at home. There are two ways to do this treatment:
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donor or from a living donor. Family members or others who are a good match may be able to d
called a living transplant. People who donate a kidney can live healthy lives with one healthy ki
(cadaver), you must be placed on a waiting list of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNO
placed on the transplant list.
A transplant team carries out the evaluation process for a kidney. The team includes a transplan
specializing in the treatment of the kidneys), one or more transplant nurses, a social worker, and
include a dietitian, a chaplain, and/or an anesthesiologist.
 Chronic renal disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to k
blood. If kidney disease worsens, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel
 Kidney failure (renal failure) means one or both of your kidneys no longer function well on their o
and develops quickly (acute). Other times it’s a chronic (long-term) condition that slowly gets wor
kidney disease. It’s fatal without treatment. If you have kidney failure, you may survive a few day
can affect anyone. However, you may be at a higher risk of developing kidney failure if you:

Treating complications
Kidney disease complications can be controlled to make you more comfortable. Treatments
might include:
 High blood pressure medications. People with kidney disease can have worsening high
blood pressure. Your doctor might recommend medications to lower your blood pressure
— commonly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor
blockers — and to preserve kidney function.
High blood pressure medications can initially decrease kidney function and change electrolyte
levels, your doctor may also recommend a water pill (diuretic) and a low-salt diet.
 Medications to relieve swelling. People with chronic kidney disease often retain fluids.
This can lead to swelling in the legs as well as high blood pressure. Medications called
diuretics can help maintain the balance of fluids in your body.
 Medications to lower cholesterol levels. Your doctor might recommend medications
called statins to lower your cholesterol. People with chronic kidney disease often have
high levels of bad cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease.
 Medications to protect your bones. Calcium and vitamin D supplements can help
prevent weak bones and lower your risk of fracture. You might also take medication
known as a phosphate binder to lower the amount of phosphate in your blood and protect
your blood vessels from damage by calcium deposits (calcification).

 Medications to treat anemia. Supplements of the hormone erythropoietin, sometimes with

added iron, help produce more red blood cells. This might relieve fatigue and weakness
associated with anemia.

 Have diabetes.
 Have high blood pressure (hypertension).
 Have heart disease.