.

eg¨ úi£ug l%uf,aL ,sùu

.eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

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Example 01 Example 02

wdodkh wdodkh

l%shdj,sh l%shdj,sh

m%;sodkh m%;sodkh

.eg¨ úi£u i|yd we,af.dß;u f.dvke.Su

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Information Communication Technology Page No 1

 md,k jHqy
Ndú;h

we,af.dß;uhl olakg ,efnk md,k jHQy 03 ls

md,k jHQy

wkql%uh jrKh mqk¾lrKh

wkql%uh jrKh mqk¾lrKh

we,af.dß;u bÈßm;a lsÍug úúO fuj,ï Ndú;h

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.e,Sï igyka jHdc fla;

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we,af.dß;u
1 bossßm;a lsÍu 2 ........................................
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Information Communication Technology Page No 2

we,af.dß;u bosßm;a lsÍu i`oyd .e,Sï igyka Ndú;d lsÍu

.e,Sï igyka ksrEmKh lsÍu i`oyd Ndú;d lrk iïu; ixfÄ;

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 úúO md,k jHQyhka .e,Sï igyka Ndú;fhka bosßm;a lsÍu
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wkql%uh

jrKh

Information Communication Technology Page No 4

 mqk¾lrKh

jHdc fla;

we,af.dß;uhla ir, bx.%Sis jpk fhdod f.k ,sÅ; j oelaùu jHdc fla; u.ska isÿ fõ'
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BEGIN - To indicate a beginning

END - To indicate an end
INPUT , READ , GET - To indicate an input
OUTPUT, DISPLAY , SHOW - To show an output
PROCESS, CALCULATE - To indicate a process
IF … THEN .. .ELSE … ENDIF - Used to indicate a selection
FOR – DO
WHILE – ENDWHILE } Used to indicate a repetition
REPEAT - UNTIL

Information Communication Technology Page No 5

 Input,Read,Get wdodkh

m%;sodkh Output,Display,-
Show

Process,Calculate l%shdj,sh

jrKh
If/Then/Else
Endif

For - Do
Repeat - Until mqk¾lr
Kh
While - Endwhile

jHdc fla; ,sùu

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Ex:1 Ex:2
Finding whether a number is odd or even
Finding the area of a circle BEGIN
BEGIN READ number as N
INPUT Radius CALCULATE Remainder after number is
CALCULATE Area = 22/7 * Radius * Radius divided by 2
DISPLAY Area IF Remainder = 0 THEN
END. DISPLAY “Even number”
ELSE
DISPLAY “Odd number”
ENDIF
END.

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 Ex:3 How to .....................................................................................................................

.e,Sï igyka jHdc fla;j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍu

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Example 01 :

.e,Sï lgyk jHdc fla;h

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Example 02 :

.e,Sï lgyk jHdc fla;h

Example 03 :

.e,Sï lgyk jHdc fla;h

Information Communication Technology Page No 8

 meial,a l%uf,aLk NdIdj

meial,a hkq ?
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y÷kajk

y÷kajkhla fh§fï § my; oelafjk idudkH kS;s-Í;s wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'

wejqreKq mo wlaIr fíoh

fhdod fkd.;
1 4 n, fkdmdhs'
hq;= h'

bx.%Sis wlaIrhlska 2
Rules 5
jpk w;r
mr;rhla
wdrïN l, hq;=h When declaring an identifier
fkdmej;sh
hq;=h

m<uq wlaIrhg wkq,laIK

miqj wlaIr j,ska ( _ )
3 6 muKla j,x.=
b,lalï fyda há
br Ndú;d l, fõ

y÷kajk i|yd w¾:j;a kdu fhdod .ekSfuka l%uf,aL f;areï

.ekSug myiqfõ'

Information Communication Technology Page No 9

 weúreKq mo
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and exports mod shr

asm file nil string
array for not then
begin function object to
case goto of type
const if or unit
constructor implementation packed until
destructor in procedure uses
div inherited program var
do inline record while
downto interface repeat with
else label set xor
end library shl ate
to

meial,a NdIdfõ iïu; o;a; m%rEm

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Integer Boolean String

Real Char

Information Communication Technology Page No 10

 úp,H

l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia jk

y÷kajk" úp,Hhla f,i kï flf¾'

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Eg: Var count : integer;
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Var a,b : Real;
Var n1, n2 : integer;
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Avg : real ;
Pass : boolean;
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Character : char;
Name,school : String
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ksh;
l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia
fkdjk y÷kajk" ksh; f,i kï flf¾'

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Eg:
Const max = 100;
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Const pi = 22/7
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ldrl

wxl .Ks;uh ldrl

meial,a iei֕ ldrl

NdIdfõ
ldrl

;d¾lsl ldrl

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 wxl .Ks;uh ldrl

iei`ÿï ldrl

w.hka fyda m%ldYk ixikaokh lsÍu

i|yd iei֕ ldrl fhdod .efka' iei֕
ldrlhla wvx.= m%ldYkhl wjika
m%;sM,h iEu úg u nQ,shdkq w.hla .kS'
tkï m%ldYkh i;H fyda wi;H fõ'

;d¾lsl ldrl

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ldrl m%uqL;dj

1
NOT
2
*
/
= 4 DIV
< MOD
>
< AND
<=
>
>=

3
+
-
OR

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Information Communication Technology Page No 13

 4* 3 MOD 2 3* 7 DIV 2 14/2 * 2

NOT (9 MOD 3 > 5) 3* 3 + 2 14 DIV 2 * 2

idudkH meial,a l%uf,aLhl wvx.= uQ,sl fldgia

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Program addNum
var num 1,num2,total:integer ;
........................
........................ avg:real;
Begin
Write(‘Welcome Pascal Programming’);
{calculate total and average of two numbers}
Writeln(‘Enter First Number’);
Read(num1);
.....................
Writeln(‘Enter Second Number’); ........................
Read(num2);
total := num1 + num2;
avg := total/2;
writeln(‘Total is ‘ , total);
writeln(‘Average is ‘ , avg);
End.

Information Communication Technology Page No 14

 jrKh
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Ex: 01 If..then..endif

.e,Sï igyk
IF Condition THEN
Statement(s)
ENDIF

jHdc fla;h

Ex: 02 If..then..else..endif
.e,Sï igyk
IF Condition THEN
Statement1
ELSE
Statement2
ENDIF
jHdc fla;h

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 Nested IF
fldkafoaishlg miq j fldkafoaishla jYfhka fldkafoais iuQyhla fhfok
wjia:djl NESTED IF fhdÞ .efka
Begin
Input Marks as M .e,Sï igyk
IF M >= 75 Then
Grade = ‘‘A’’
ELSE
IF M >= 65 then
Grade = ‘‘B’’
ELSE
IF M >= 50 then
Grade = ‘‘C’’
ELSE
IF M >= 35 then
Grade = ‘‘S’’
ELSE
Grade = ‘‘F’’
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
Display Grade
End.
jHdc fla;

flaj, úp,Hhlg nyq fldkafoais we;s úg Case Statements Ndú;h

IF …THEN… ELSE… ENDIF jrK md,k jHqyh kej; kej; fhdod

.ekSug jvd myiqfjka Case statements Ndú; l< yels h'

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 program FindGrade(input,output);
var Marks : integer;
Grade: char;
Begin
Writeln(‘Enter Marks’);
Read(Marks);
Case Marks of
0..34 : Grade :} ‘W’;
35..49 : Grade :} ‘S’;
50..64 : Grade :} ‘C’;
65..74 : Grade :} ‘B’;
75..100 : Grade :} ‘A’;
Else
Writeln(‘Invalid Marks’);
End;
if (Marks >= 0) AND (Marks <= 100) then
Writeln(‘Grade is ’ , Grade);
End.

mqk¾lrKh

mqk¾lrK jdr .Kk ksYaÑ; j

okakd wjia:dj, § mqk¾lrK jHqy
Ndú;d lrk wdldrh úuid n,uq'

FOR – DO jHqyh
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wdrïNl wjika mqk¾lrK

mqk¾lrK jHqyh
w.h w.h jdr .Kk
FOR X := 1 TO 5 DO ..................... ..................... .....................

FOR X := 0 TO 4 DO ..................... ..................... .....................

FOR X := 5 TO 10 DO ..................... ..................... .....................

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 FOR – DO jHQyh (wdldrh 2)

wdrïNl wjika mqk¾lrK

mqk¾lrK jHqyh
w.h w.h jdr .Kk

FOR X := 10 DOWNTO 5 DO ..................... ..................... .....................

FOR X := 4 DOWNTO 0 DO ..................... ..................... .....................

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WHILE DO jHQyh fldkafoaish wi;H fkdfõ

kï wmßñ; jdr
.Kkla mqk¾lrKh fõ. fldkafoaish jeros kï
mqk¾lrKh wdrïN fkdfõ

wjidkfha
fldkafoaish
wi;H fõ

fldkafoaish i;H
kï muKla
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS
wdrïN fõ fldkafoaish i,ld
n,hs

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REPEAT UNTIL jHQyh

fldkafoaish i;H fkdfõ kï wmßñ; jdr

.Kkla mqk¾lrKh fõ'

fldkafoaish wi;H kï
muKla mqk¾lrKh
fldkafoaish wdrïN fõ
i;H ùfuka
mqk¾lrKh
wjika fõ
m%ldYk tla
jrla lsh jQ miq
fldkafoaish
i,lhs wdrïNfha oS
fldkafoaish i,ld
fkdn,hs

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 kSä; md,k jHqyj,

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jrKh ;=< mqk¾lrKh fhoSu mqk¾lrKh ;=< jrKh fhoSu

begin
program orderNos(input,output);
for count :} 1 to 10 do
var num:integer;
begin
cho:char;
writeln('Enter Number');
begin
read(num);
writeln('Select Assending(A) or Desending(D)');
rem :} num mod 2;
read(cho);
if rem = 0 then
if cho = 'A' then
begin
begin
writeln('Even number ');
writeln('Asending Order');
e_count :} e_count+1;
for num :} 1 to 6 do
end
writeln(num);
else
end;
begin
if cho = 'D' then
writeln('Odd number ');
begin
o_count :} o_count + 1;
writeln('Desending Order');
end;
for num :} 6 downto 1 do
end;
writeln(num);
writeln(e_count,'Even Number/s');
end;
writeln((o_count ,'Odd Number/s');
end.
end.

wrdj Ndú;h

tl u m%rEmhg wh;a o;a; tl u kula fhdod .ksñka u;lh ;=< ;eïm;a

lsÍug wrdj Ndú; flf¾'

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taludk wrdjla w¾: oelaùu
wkql%ñl j ksYaÑ; m%udKhl tl u m%rEmhlg wh;a o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍu
i|yd Ndú; lrk o;a; jHqyhls' wrdjla u.ska hdno u;l wjldY iuQyhla fjka
lr .kS'

Var Name_of_Array ( array [first index .. last index] of data type

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wrdjl ,laIK

wrdjl fldgia hdnoj msysghs

wrdjl o¾Ylh wrdfõ ku iu. fldgq

jryka ;=< olajkq ,efí'

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 wrdjlg w.hka mejÍu

var num : array[0..4] of integer;

num[0] := 45;
num[2] := 36,num[4] := 60;
num[1] := num[4] + 15;
num[3] := num[0] + num[2]

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wrdjl w.hka m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu

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 Wml%uf,aL Ndú;h

l%uf,aLhl l%shdj,s m%udKh jeäùu;a iu. u th ixlS¾K jk ksid lshjd

f;areï .ekSu" l%uf,aLh kv;a;= lsÍu jeks lghq;= wmyiq fõ' tneúka l%uf,aL
,sùfï § yels;dla ÿrg Wml%uf,aL f,i ,sùu id¾:l l%uhls

1
Wml%uf,aLh 1
Wm.eg¨j 1
1

2
2 Wm.eg¨j 2 Wml%uf,aLh 2

Main
Problem 3
Wm.eg¨j 3 Wml%uf,aLh 3
3

4 4
Wm.eg¨j 4 Wml%uf,aLh 4

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Wml%uf,aL y÷kajd §u

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m%Odk l%uf,aLh wdrïN lsÍug m%:ufhka Y%s; iy ld¾h mámdá y÷kajd

Èh hq;= h' m%Odk l%uf,aLh ;=< § Wml%uf,aLj,g weu;sh
(Calling the function or Procedure) hq;= h'

ld¾h mámdáhla y÷kajd §u i|yd ksjerÈ ldrl Í;sh (Syntax) my; oelafõ'

Procedure Name_of_Procedure( name_of_variable : data type);

E.g. - Procedure to find the area of a circle

Procedure calculateArea(var radius:real);

Function Name_of_Function(name_of_variable : data type) : data type ;
E.g. - Function to find the area of a circle
Function calculateArea(var radius : real): real ;

Procedure declaration Function declaration Main Program

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 ld¾h mámdá fhdod f.k f.dvk.k ,o l%uf,aLh

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Y%s; fhdod f.k f.dv k.k ,o l%uf,aLh

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l%uf,aL NdIdj, mßKduh
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hdka;%sl NdIdj tfiïí,s NdIdj by< ;,fha NdId

l%uf,aL NdId j¾.

mervhsu

úOdkd;aul m%ldYk

................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ...................

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mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aL w;r fjki

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jHQy.; (Structured) iy jia;= keUqre (Object oriented) l%uf,aL ixikaokh

jHqy.; l%uf,aL

mßYS,lg o;a; we;=<;a lrk

f,i ±kqï fohs'
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mßYS,l we;=<;a l< o;a; ........................................................................................

,nd .kS'
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........................................................................................
o;a; l%shdj,shg Ndckh
lrhs'
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........................................................................................
mßYS,lg m%;sM,h ,nd fohs ........................................................................................

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Information Communication Technology Page No 27

 l%uf,aLkh (Programming) iy msgm;a f,aLkh

l%uf,aLk NdIdj, idudkHfhka mo fhdackh (Syntax) iïnkaOfhka ±ä

kS;s Í;s mj;S' ks;r u mdfya iïmdokh lsÍu wjYH fõ' l%uf,aL NdId iïmdokh
(Compile) l< hq;= fõ.

NdId mßj¾;l jevigyka

hka;% NdIdfjka yer fjk;a ´kE u NdIdjlska ,shk ,o l%uf,aL ^jia;=

fla;& Odjkh lsÍug m%:ufhka hka;% NdId Wmfoia ^hka;% fla;& njg mßj¾;kh
l< hq;= h'

wefiïí,¾ w¾: úkHdil iïmdol

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