In anthropology, cultural change refers to the processes

through which cultures evolve and transform over time.

Cultural change can occur through various mechanisms, and
anthropologists have identified several key factors that
contribute to cultural change. Here are some of the main
mechanisms of cultural change in anthropology:

1. Diffusion: Diffusion is the spread of cultural traits, ideas, or

practices from one society or group to another. It can occur
through direct contact between different cultures, migration,
trade, or even through media and technology. Diffusion can
lead to the adoption, adaptation, or modification of cultural
elements as they are integrated into new cultural contexts.

2. Acculturation: Acculturation happens when two or more

cultures come into continuous contact and there is a significant
exchange of cultural traits. It often involves the dominant
culture influencing the subordinate culture, leading to changes
in the latter's language, values, beliefs, norms, and practices.
Acculturation can result in cultural assimilation or the creation
of hybrid or creolized cultures.

3. Innovation: Innovation refers to the creation or introduction

of new cultural elements within a society. It can include
technological advancements, new social institutions, artistic
expressions, or ideas. Innovations can arise from within a
culture or be borrowed from other cultures. They can bring
about significant shifts in the way people live, work, and
interact with their environment.

4. Cultural Contact: Cultural contact occurs when different

cultures interact due to factors such as trade, colonization,
conquest, or migration. Such contact can lead to intercultural
exchanges, conflicts, or adaptations. It may result in the
emergence of new cultural practices, the reconfiguration of
existing ones, or the loss of traditional cultural elements.
5. Globalization: Globalization is a complex process that
involves increased interconnectedness and interdependence
among societies and cultures worldwide. It is facilitated by
advancements in transportation, communication, and
technology. Globalization can lead to the diffusion of ideas,
values, consumer goods, and media across cultures, resulting in
cultural hybridization, homogenization, or resistance.

6. Social Movements: Social movements can drive cultural

change by advocating for specific social, political, or cultural
transformations. They can challenge existing power structures,
norms, or values, aiming to create social justice, equality, or
cultural revitalization. Social movements can shape public
opinion, influence policy, and bring about cultural shifts
through collective action.

7. Environmental Factors: Changes in the natural environment,

such as climate change, natural disasters, or resource
availability, can also drive cultural change. Environmental
factors can necessitate adaptations in subsistence practices,
settlement patterns, and social organization. These changes
may, in turn, impact cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

It's important to note that cultural change is a complex and

multifaceted process influenced by a combination of these
mechanisms. Anthropologists study cultural change to
understand how societies evolve, adapt, and transform over
time, and how individuals and communities negotiate and
respond to these changes.