Use a protractor to a measure the size of this angle b draw an angle of 125°, 2 — Work out the distance between these coordinates, a (9, 2)and (9, 11) b (3,8)and (5, 8) 3 Apoint Phas coordinates (6, 1). P is translated 3 squares right and 4 squares up to point P’. Work out the coordinates of P’. t 4 Make a copy of this diagram. | a Reflect shape A in the x-axis. Labi b Reflect shape A in the y-axis. Label the shape B. 24 | Copy the diagram. Rotate the shape about the centre C a 90° anticlockwise b 180° Copy this shape onto squared paper. Enlarge the shape using scale factor 2.14. Position and transformation In Stage 7 you learned how translating or rotating them, Here is a summary of the key points: «The shape before any ‘0 transform 2D shapes by reflecting, : transformation is called the object. +The shape after the transformation is the image + You need a mirror line to reflect a shape + When you translate a shape, you move it a given distance, right or left and up or down, : © When you re of degrees, You turn it about a fixed point, called the centre of rotation. fe a shape, you turn it through a given number You turn it either clockwise or anticlockwise With any of these thirce transformations, only the position of the shape ischanged. The ad size of the shape are not changed. An object and its image a identical. They are congruent. Instage 7 you ned about enlargements. An enlargement of a shape is a copy ject, but it is bigger. You can use a microscope tolook at enla zes of very small objects. In this picture, you can see a dust mite, Vhese mites are about 0.04mm long so they cannot usually be seen without the use of a microscope. A typical mattress on abed may have from 100000 to 10 million mites inside it. This is not a very nice thought as you go to bed at night!URIs t elec NTTT| Recs! A bearing describes the direction of one object from another, It is an angle measured from north in a clockwise direction. A bearing can have any value from 0° to 360°. It is always written with three figures. N nan 4ii20°) B In this diagram, the bearing In this diagram, the from A to B is 120° bearing from A to B is 065°. The diagram shows three towns, A, B and C. a Write the bearing of B from A. ae b Write the bearing from A to C. ¢ Write the bearing of B from C. c be Answer a Draw a north arrow b Draw a north arrow from from A, anda line A, and a line joining A to C. joining A to B. Measure ‘Measure the angle from the joining C to B. the angle from the north north arrow clockwise to the line Mase the arrow clockwise to the joining A to C, se fertnety line joining A to B. Ny ~ The bearing is 130°, 292)For each diagram, write the bearing of B from A. Use a protractor to measure the angle from north in a clockwise direction yi Bees) A t c N Draw diagrams similar to those in Question 1, to show these bearings of B from A. 025° b 110° cumlose d 330° This is part of Freya’s homework Question N Write the bearing of B from A in this diagram. Answer: The angle is 32°, so the bearing of B from A is 32°. reya correct? Explain your answer. a four diagrams similar to those in Question 1, to show different bearings Draw four di ee cece of papet write the bearings you have drawn b sc mee ae with a partner. Measure the bearings they have drawn. xchange diagra : rs, Discuss any mistakes, c each other's answe © Exchange back and chec14 Position and transform: > 4 The diagram shows the positions of a shop and a school. BY) To find the bearing of the shop from the school (part a) you need to measure the angle at the Shop school. To find the bearing of the school from the shop (part b) you need to measure eocod the angle at a Write the bearing of the shop from the school, the shop. b Write the bearing of the school from the shop. TY | 5 The diagram shows the position of tree and a lake. Seren, Taylor and Ros are standing at the tree. Seren walks straight from the tree to the lake. ea a Onwhat bearing must she walk? ’ she then walks to the lake. = b Is the bearing she walks on tothe lake, larger or: than the bearing from the tree tot Explain your an: Ros walks south fo What can you from the orig sl4 Arun goes fora walk, The diagram shows Arun’ initial position (A), a farm (F), a pond (P) a tree (T) and a bridge (B), i Write the bearing Arun follows to walk from a AtoF FtoP PtoT TtoB BtoA. Ta ae MU aE et(Write the bearing of B from A. Ais 127? ii Work out the bearing i Bearing of A from B is Of A from B. 180° +1277 =307° ‘Marcus uses alternate angles to work out the bearing of A fr For each diagram i write the bearing of B from A ii use Marcus's method to work out the from B. N— 14.1 Bearings 9 Thisis part of Sofia’s homework, Question i Write the bearing of P from Q. HF ui Work out the bearing of Q from P. N Answer i Bearing of P from Q is 223° ii Bearing of Q from P is 223° — 180° = 043° Sofia uses alternate angles to work out the bearing of Q from P. For each diagram i write the bearing of P from Q ji use Sofia’s method to work out the bearing of Q from P.ion and transformation STU In aeutte aii The diagram shows two , AB and CD. The of AB is halfway between A and B. You can see from the diagram that the midpoint of AB is (3, 3). You can see from the diagram that the midpoint of CD is (1, 0). ot Gea A(,3) —B(S.3) The diagram shows two line segments, LM and PQ. a Write the coordinates of the midpoint of LM. b Work out the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. (en 298 >14.2 The midpoint of a line segment b (1,0) Exerceg 14. e 114 Position and transformation 2 Match each line segment with the correct midpoint. An example is done for you. ine segment AB anof points. Write whether A, B Use your preferred method, (7, )and(7,7) (4,2)and (10,2), (4, 1)and (4,2), (8, 15) and (15,15) a, ©F Cis the co; (7, 6) (7,2) (4,9) (13.15) B G15) You can calculate the midpoint of a of the x-coordinates and the | )-coordinates of the end points, The diagram shows the line ezment PQ. Calculate the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. Answer ment by finding the means rrect answer, B (7,3) B (6,2) B 4,61) P (10,4) The mean of aand bisate Add the x-coordinates of P and Q and divide the result by 2. Add the y-coordinates of P and Qand divide the result by 2. i idpoint of th Copy and complete the workings to calculate the midpoint of the line segment joining each pair of points. 246 2,3)and(6,7) (35% 341) 2 (8,0) and (12, 6) (S" (6,2) and (8, 10) (S45, 0+6 30156 a b ion and transformation Eis the point (6, 0), F is the point (14, 8) and G is the point 3, 15), Work out the midpoint of the line segments i EF ii EG iii FG Draw a coordinate grid, Plot the points E, F and G. Check your answers to part a by finding the midpoints on your diagram. eMart eeu) Discuss the answers to these questions with a partner or ina small Shen and Hassan calculate the midpoint of the line joining th and (-1, 9). This is what they write. § Calculate the midpoint of the line segment between (5, -2) and (2, ~6) b (4,5) and (3,0) A parallelogram has vertices at P (2, 5), Q( 2,3),Rd The diagonals are PR and QS, Show tha a| { 11 A quadrilateral has vertices at (2, 1), 0,4), (5, 2) and (1, Ely" Do the diagonals have the same midpoint? Justify your answer. 12, The midpoint of a line segment is (4, 1). One end of the line segment is (2, 5). Work out the coordinates of the other end of the line segment. b Compare the method you used to answer Part a with a partner's method. Did you both use the same method? Did you use different methods? ¢ Discuss the methods you used with other learners in the class. Which do you think is the best method to use to answer this type of. question? Explain why. 13. The midpoint of a line segment is (7, 2). One end of the line segment is (=I, 6). : Work out the coordinates of the other end of the Hts segment. 14 Here are six cards showing the coordinates of the points A to F, a [epg = ec ES) > aay E (6-3) Fes Three line segments are made using the oo The midpoint of all three line segments ~~ an What are the three line segments? Show your answers. worked out Naeem ies 714 Position and transformation You already know that when you a 2D shape on a coordinate gtid, you move it up or down and right or left You can describe this movement with a This is an example of a column vector: The top number tells you how many units to move the shape right (positive number) or left (negative number). The bottom number tells you how many units to move the shape up (positive number) or down (negative number) For example: ( S units up’. } means ‘move the shape 2 units right and (3) means ‘move the shape 2 units left and 3 units *) down’. If the scale on the grid is one square to one unit, the numbers tell you how many squares to move the object up/down and across. When a shape is translated, only its position changes. Its shape and size stay the same, This means that the object and its image are always<— 14,3 Translating 2D shapes | Worked example 14.3 The diagram shows triangle T on a coordinate a Draw the image of triangle T after each translation -() » (?) «() ane) y 4 3 2 Tag uauaia Answer Move triangle T 3 squares right and 2 squares up Move triangle T 3 squares left and 1 square up. Move triangle T 1 square left and 3 squares down. aoce Move triangle T 2 squares right and 1 square down. Exercise 14.3 1 The yellow cards show translations. The blue cards show column vectors. fi Match each yellow card with the correct blue card. The first one is done for you: A and iii A [4 squares left, 1 square uP i (a . [ i ii 2 (gespates rebtsauare dad c [4 squares left, 1 square down D [4 squares right, 1 square up a‘The diagram shows triangle P on a coordinate grid. y Copy the grid, then draw the image of triangle P after 8 each translation, ‘A 3 a Hi 2 3 -0 » Ge Gaia The diagram shows shape A on 3 a coordinate grid. ? | BS Copy the grid, then draw the 4 1 image of shape A after Z “OTs asOTae each translation 5 3 4 ‘ ak be SET 3s 2 I i 305 elie iy ie Dt This is part of Fin’s homework. Question A tangle ABC ranted ing the coun vcr The image of ABC is A'B'C. Write the column vector that translates A'B'C’ back to AB Answer (3) a__Is Fin’s answer correct? Explain your answer, b How could Fin check whether his answer is correct? If | translate a shape “using the column vectar(; I can translate the shape back to its original position using : the column vector{}a Show that Zara is correct, b Write the column 14.3 Translating 2D shapes ver aherthene eed that translate a shape back to its original position i (4 Tae 7 5s c When a shape is translated usin to its original position. Write a general rule for findin back to its original Position. The diagram shows triangle DEF, 2DEF=90°, ZDFE=45° and zEDF=45° DF has a length of 4 units. a Copy the grid, then draw the image of the triangle after the translation 2) Label the triangle D’E’F’. b Copy and complete these statements. ZDEF .°, ZD'PE’=......° and ZE'D'F D’F’ has length of ...... units. ¢ — Copy and complete these statements. Choose from the words in the box. When you compare an object and its image after a translation: + corresponding lengths are + corresponding angles are + the object and the image are ... The diagram shows two shapes, P and Q. Choose the column vector (A, B or C) that translates ) # G) shape P to shapeQ. A ‘| Bae shape Q to shapeP A (3) 9 () ° ° ii (3) 1g a column vector, it can be translated back ig the column vector that will translate a shape x ie ‘|, a 3{D F 2 1 0 OT 34S oT ae different shorter equal longer congruent smaller notcongruent bigger a —) OMlSa nan sls hers » 5 4 3 2 1 0 307 >ssfori 8 The diagram shows shapes L, M, N, P and Q on a coordinate grid, Write the column vector that translates shape N to shape L b shape N to shape P ¢ shape N to shape Q d__ shape N to shape M © shape L to shape P f shape P to shape M. MTA Soe ME Lat aoe The diagram shows triangle JKL. Marcus and Arun translate triangle JKL using the 5 column vector( ® They label the image J’. Read what Marcus and Arun say. can calculate the coordinates of J’ like thi (3.4)+(3)= (-3+5,4+-4)14.3 Translating 2D shapes 10 Arectangle ABCD has vert ; C(4,-2) and D (2,9), St the points A (2,3), B (4,3), ABCD is translated using the column vector(® a Calculate the Coordinates of A’ B’ c” and D’, b Check your answers are inga di translating rectangle ABCD, > “T™™#P# 8 dgram and ¢ Compare and discuss partner. Have you used the same met easy to understand? f 11 This is part of Joule’s classwork, She has spilt some juice on her work, Question A square EFGH has vertices at the points E C5, -1),F 3, -),66@ and (4,0 EFGH is translated using column vector{ $)x EFCH. Work cut the coordinates of the vertices of E'F'G'H'. Answer F C8, 6), F'@@), G' (0, 14), H C8, 14) Your working for part a with that of a thods? Are both sets of working a Work out the coordinates of vertices = F ii G ii H b Explain how you worked out the answers to part a. Sree meeedes