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The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
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Gosta Esping-Andersen
University Pompeu Fabra
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Agenda
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1 Introduction
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The Legacy of Classical Political Economy
Liberal economists Reformed liberal Conservative and Socialists (Lenin)
(Adam Smith) economists Marxist
(J. S. Mill) economists
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The Political Economy of the Welfare State
System/Structuralist Institutional
Approach Approach
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Welfare State: Definition
• Historical transformation of state´s activities:Daily routines
of the state must be devoted to servicing the welfare needs
Therborn
(1983) of the households
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A Re-Specification of the Welfare State
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Welfare State as a System of Stratification
Welfare state
orders social
relations
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2 Three Types of Political Economies
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Variations in Welfare-State Regimes
MARKET
SOCIAL RIGHTS STRATIFICATION
STATE FAMILY
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Welfare-State Regimes Types
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‘Liberal’ Welfare-State
Modest universal transfers or modest social-insurance plans.
Low-income clientele, working class, state dependents.
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‘Corporatist’ Welfare-State
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‘Social Democratic’ Welfare-State
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Overview
LIBERAL CORPORATE SOC-DEM
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The Causes of the Welfare-State Regimes
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Specific Causes: The Three Regime Types
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Overview
LIBERAL CORPORATE SOC-DEM
PRE North – South ‚Reactionary‘ Broad red-green
WORLD
WAR II dispute alliances alliance
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Conclusions
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3 De-Commodification
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Commodification: Three Social Regimes
Conservatism
Commodification of humanity will hazard authority and social
integration
Liberalism
Alternatives to pure cash-nexus create disturbances to
equilibrium of supply and demand
Socialism
Real human welfare is only possible with total abolition of wage
labor
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Conservatism: Three Main Models
Feudal
Employer is responsible for social security of its workers and
their families
Corporativist
Guilds and fraternal associations take care of disabled
members and their families
Etatist
The state is very important and the boundary between the
right and the obligation to work is often blurred
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Liberalism: Two Answers to a Dilemma
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Socialism: Two Main Confusions
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Espring-Andersen Index of De-Commodification
• Pensions
• Sickness
• Unemployment
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Espring-Andersen index
of de-commodification
Pensions Sickness Unemployment Total
Australia 5,0 4,0 4,0 13,0
USA 7,0 0,0 7,2 14,2
New Zealand 9,1 4,0 4,0 17,1
Canada 7,7 6,3 8,0 22,0
Japan 10,5 6,8 5,0 22,3
Ireland 6,7 8,3 8,3 23,3
UK 8,5 7,7 7,2 23,4
Italy 9,6 9,4 5,1 24,1
France 12,0 9,2 6,3 27,5
Germany 8,5 11,3 7,9 27,7
Finland 14,0 10,0 5,2 29,2
Switzerland 9,0 12,0 8,8 29,8
Austria 11,9 12,5 6,7 31,1
Belgium 15,0 8,8 8,6 32,4
Netherlands 10,8 10,5 11,1 32,4
Denmark 15,0 15,0 8,1 38,1
Norway 14,9 14,0 9,4 38,3
Sweden 17,0 15,0 7,1 39,1
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CMED
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SSIB
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10
0
AUS AUT BEL CAN DNK FIN FRA GER IRE ITA JAP NET NEZ NOR SWE SWI UK US
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Development of the De-Commodification Index
according to CMED from 1973 to 2002
What does this show with respect to the three types of welfare
regimes? Does this support or go against Esping-
Andersen?
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The End – Thank you very much
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Discussion
In this sense, the class coalition in which the three welfare state
regime-types were founded, explain not only their past evolution
but their future progress.
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