Isu

A meteorologist’s weather prediction would include all of the following, except (Sec. 8.
1)
a. wind speed.
b. relative humidity.
c. average summer temperatures.
d. atmospheric pressure. _____
2. Which of the following is related to the climate of a region? (Sec. 8.1)
a. daily temperature
b. average winter snowfall
c. today’s relative humidity
d. presence of fog _____
3. Which of the following is not the name for a scientist who studies climate? (Sec. 8.1)
a. climatologist
b. meteorologist
c. atmospheric scientist
d. climate modeler _____
4. Methods of collecting weather data include all of the following, except (Sec. 8.1)
a. weather stations.
b. aircraft.
c. ice cores.
d. satellites. ISU – C8 – 1 _____
5. The climate of a region would be affected by which of the following? (Sec. 8.2)
a. land formations
b. altitude
c. presence of ocean or air currents
d. all of the above _____
6. Earth’s climate system is powered by (Sec. 8.3)
a. air currents.
b. the Sun.
c. ocean currents.
d. the moon. _____
7. Types of radiation emitted from the Sun include all of the following, except (Sec. 8.3)
a. visible light.
b. ultrared radiation.
c. ultraviolet radiation.
d. infrared radiation. _____
8. Which of the following describes ultraviolet radiation? (Sec. 8.3)
a. visible, short wave – length, high – energy
b. invisible, long wave – length, high – energy
c. invisible, short wave – length, high – energy
d. invisible, short wave – length, low – energy _____
9. Which of the following statements is not true about what happens to radiation from the Sun once it
reaches Earth? (Sec. 8.3)
a. A portion of it is reflected back to space by the clouds.
b. Over half of it is absorbed by Earth’s surface.
c. Nearly half of it transmits through Earth.
d. A portion of it is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. _____
10. Which component of Earth’s climate system includes the layers of gases surrounding the Earth?
(Sec. 8.4)
a. atmosphere
b. hydrosphere
c. lithosphere
d. living things _____
11. The hydrosphere includes (Sec. 8.4)
a. only liquid water.
b. only liquid water and ice.
c. only ice and water vapour.
d. only liquid water, ice, and water vapour. ISU – C8 – 2 _____
12. Which of the following does not make up part of Earth’s climate system? (Sec. 8.4)
a. the hydrosphere
b. living things
c. chlorofluorocarbons
d. the lithosphere _____
13. How far do the gases in the atmosphere reach above Earth’s surface? (Sec. 8.4)
a. more than 100 km
b. more than 1000 km
c. about 10 km d. less than 1 km _____
14. The air we breathe is (Sec. 8.4)
a. 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% other gases.
b. 100 % oxygen.
c. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.
d. 49% nitrogen, 49% oxygen, 2% other gases. _____
15. Which of the outermost layer of the atmosphere? (Sec. 8.4)
a. thermosphere
b. mesosphere
c. troposphere
d. exosphere _____
16. Ozone depletion in the stratosphere is caused by human – made compounds called (Sec. 8.4)
a. sodium carbonates.
b. lead oxides.
C. calcium carbonates.
d. chlorofluorocarbons. _____
17. Which of the following are layers of the atmosphere? (Sec. 8.4)
a. mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
b. stratosphere, thermosphere, lithosphere
c. thermosphere, hydrosphere, exosphere
d. troposphere, lithosphere, mesosphere _____
18. In which layer of the atmosphere does ozone have a toxic and corrosive effect? (Sec. 8.4)
a. stratosphere
b. troposphere
c. thermosphere
d. exosphere ISU – C8 – 3 _____
19. The government of Ontario has developed a program aimed at reducing the smog – causing
emissions produced by vehicles. This program is known as the (Sec. 8.4)
a. Clean Air Act.
b. Drive Clean Program.
c. Ontario Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
d. Vehicle Emissions Act. _____
20. Greenhouse gases have the special ability to (Sec. 8.6)
a. absorb energy from UV radiation.
b. absorb energy from IR radiation.
c. vibrate when they absorb UV radiation.
d. emit UV radiation. _____
21. Earth’s average temperature is around (Sec. 8.6)
a. –18 oC.
b. 35 oC.
c. 0 oC.
d. 15 oC. _____
22. Natural sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide include all of the following, except (Sec. 8.6)
a. volcanic eruptions.
b. burning of organic matter.
c. photosynthesis.
d. cellular respiration. _____
23. Which of the following gases are all able to trap infrared radiation? (Sec. 8.6)
a. water vapour, nitrogen gas, methane
b. carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen gas
c. carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen gas

d. water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane _____
24. Only a small quantity of methane exists in the atmosphere, but methane (Sec. 8.6)
a. can absorb 23 times as much thermal energy as carbon dioxide.
b. can emit 23 times as much thermal energy as ozone.
c. is powerful pollutant that causes respiratory problems.
d. is the number one contributor to the greenhouse effect. _____
25. All of the following are greenhouse gases, except (Sec. 8.6)
a. nitrogen.
b. methane.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. water vapour. ISU – C8 – 4 _____
26. Which of the following lists greenhouse gases in order from least powerful molecule to most
powerful molecule? (Sec. 8.6)
a. methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide
b. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
c. nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane
d. carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane _____
27. Ocean are considered (Sec. 8.6 & 8.8)
a. heat sinks.
b. carbon sink.
c. all of the above.
d. none of the above. _____
28. Which of the following functions as a heat sink? (Sec. 8.8)
a. both the lithosphere and the hydrosphere
b. any large mountain or forest
c. both the hydrosphere and the atmosphere
d. living things and the lithosphere _____
29. Changes in Earth’s climate are caused by (Sec. 8.9)
a. movement of Earth’s crust.

b. variations in Earth’s orbit.
c. volcanic eruptions.
d. all of the above. _____
30. The name for the theory that Earth’s continents used to be one supercontinent is (Sec. 8.9)
a. plate tectonics.
b. continental drift.
c. continental divide.
d. interglacial movement. _____
31. Earth’s orbit around the Sun changes in all of the following ways, except (Sec. 8.9)
a. distance.
b. eccentricity.
c. tilt.
d. precision of tilt. _____
32. Eccentricity is another term for (Sec. 8.9)
a. shape of orbit.
b. tilt.
c. precession of tilt.
d. none of the above. ISU – C8 – 5 _____
33. An increase in energy from the Sun creates a(n) (Sec. 8.9) 3
a. ice age.
b. volcanic eruption.
c. continental drift.
d. interglacial period. _____
34. Which of the following has the lowest albedo? (Sec. 8.10)
a. water
b. sand
c. snow
d. cloud _____
35. The positive feedback loop between ice on Earth’s surface and Earth’s average temperature is
called (Sec. 8.10)
a. El Nino effect.
b. interglacial effect.
c. albedo effect.
d. continental drift effect. _____
36. Palynologists study (Sec. 8.11)
a. rock formations.
b. climate.
c. pollen.
d. tree rings. Application: _____
37. Choose the best description for the weather on a typical summer day in Ontario. (Sec. 8.1)
a. high of 30 oC, partly cloudy
b. high of 5 oC, mostly sunny, 90% probability of precipitation, wind from the west at 65 km/h, and
relative humidity of 10%
c. high of 30 oC, mostly sunny, 20% probability of precipitation, wind from the west at 22 km/h, and
relative humidity of 35%
d. sunny, wind from the west at 20 km/h, and a relative humidity of 30% _____
38. Which of the following statement is true regarding climate and weather? (Sec. 8.1)
a. Weather includes average temperature for an area.
b. The climate of a region determines the types of plants and animals that live there.
c. Climate is the atmospheric conditions in an area over a short period of time.
d. Average winter snowfall is a condition of the weather for region. _____
39. Which of the following statement is true regarding an ecoregion or a bioclimate profile? (Sec. 8.2)
a. An ecoregion describes only the ecosystem of a region.
b. An ecosystem predicts the projected climate of a region 40 to 80 years in the future.
c. A bioclimate profile describes both climate and ecosystem of a region.
d. A bioclimate profile shows temperature and moisture conditions at a given location. _____
40. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the climate of areas near a large body of
water compared to an area that is not located near water? (Sec. 8.4)
a. Regions near a large lake tend to be warmer in the summer.
b. Regions near an ocean tend to be warmer in the fall.
c. Regions downwind from a large body of water tend to have less snowfall in the winter.
d. Regions near a large lake tend to be cooler in the fall. _____
41. Which of the following is true statement regarding Earth’s prevailing winds? (Sec. 8.8)
a. Air flows from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure.
b. Prevailing winds change direction frequently.
c. Prevailing winds move directly north or south.
d. Prevailing winds move thermal energy from the equator toward the North or South Poles. _____
42. Thermal energy is transferred through matter as particles bump against each other in the process
called (Sec. 8.8)
a. convection.
b. conduction.
c. radiation.
43. Electromagnetic waves transport energy through space in a process called (Sec. 8.8)
a. convection.
b. conduction.
c. radiation.
44. Which of the following is a true statement regarding albedo? (Sec. 8.10)
a. Fresh snow has a lower albedo than water.
b. Forests have a higher albedo than clouds.
c. Water has a lower albedo than sand and desert.
d. Clouds have a higher albedo than fresh snow. _____
45. Which of the following is a true statement regarding proxy records? (Sec. 8.11)
a. Proxy records include tree rings and coral reefs.
b. Proxy records are quantitative measurements of temperature or precipitation taken at the current
time.
c. Proxy records are direct records of climate.
d. Examples of proxy records include farming records and paintings. _____
46. Which of the following are examples of proxy records? (Sec. 8.11)
a. fossils, journals, tree rings, paintings
b. tree rings, paintings, layers of ice, coral reefs
c. fossils, coral reefs, farming records, journals
d. fossils, tree rings, coral reefs, layers of ice
47. Which of the following provides our longest record of conditions in the atmosphere? (Sec. 8.11)
a. ice cores
b. tree rings
c. fossils
d. coral reefs Inquiry
48. When radiation from the Sun reaches Earth, what happens to the majority of it? (Sec. 8.3)
a. It is absorbed by Earth’s surface, clouds, and certain gases in the atmosphere.
b. It is reflected by particles in Earth’s atmosphere.
c. It is reflected back to space by clouds.
d. It is reflected by Earth’s surface. _____
49. One molecule of which of the following gases is least effective as a greenhouse gas? (Sec. 8.6)
a. carbon dioxide
b. methane
c. nitrous oxide
d. all three have the same level of effectiveness _____
50. Most of Earth’s thermal energy circulation occurs in which two components of Earth’s climate
system? (Sec. 8.8)
a. atmosphere and lithosphere
b. atmosphere and hydrosphere
c. hydrosphere and lithosphere
d. hydrosphere and living things _____
51. The greatest changes due to climate change are currently being seen (Sec. 8.9)
a. near the equator.
b. by people in industrialized countries.
c. in temperate zones.
d. in the Arctic.
1. The difference between a long – term average temperature and a data point is called (Sec. 9.1)
a. temperature anomaly.
b. photosynthesis.
c. anthropogenic greenhouse gas.
d. thermal expansion. _____
2. In northern hemisphere, the largest increases in temperature appear to be concentrated over (Sec.
9.1)
a. land.
b. water.
c. all of the above
d. none of the above _____
3. The scientists who study glaciers are called (Sec. 9.1)
a. meteorologists.
b. climatologists.
c. paleoclimatologists.
d. glaciologists. _____
4. Since 1993, in comparison to the previous 30 years, the global sea level has (Sec. 9.1)
a. risen almost twice as fast.
b. continued to rise at about the same pace.
c. decreased slightly.
d. decreased significantly. ISU – C9 – 1 _____
5. As water warms up, it begins to (Sec. 9.1)
a. contract.
b. expand.
c. all of the above

6. The increase in the volume of matter as its temperature increases is called (Sec. 9.1)
b. photosynthesis.
c. anthropogenic greenhouse gas.
d. thermal expansion. _____
7. Which of the following is a (are) possible use(s) of an artificial satellite? (Sec. 9.1)
a. monitoring environmental conditions
b. transmitting telephone conversations
c. broadcasting radio and television signals
8. Any object that orbits a larger object is called a (Sec. 9.1)
a. meteorite.
b. moon.
c. satellite.
d. planet. _____
9. What are the products of photosynthesis? (Sec. 9.4)
a. glucose and oxygen
b. water and light energy
c. carbon dioxide and water
d. oxygen and carbon dioxide _____
10. Greenhouse gases are produced by the combustion of fossil fuels from (Sec. 9.4)
a. energy production.
b. transportation.
c. industry.
11. The most significant greenhouse gas produced by human today is (Sec. 9.4)
a. methane.
b. nitrous oxide.
c. chlorofluorocarbons.
d. carbon dioxide
12. In Canada, fossil fuels are used for which of the following? (Sec. 9.4)
a. transportation
b. heating
c. production of electrical energy
13. Which of the following gases is an anthropogenic greenhouse gas? (Sec. 9.4)
a. hydrogen
b. methane
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen _____
14. Which of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases currently has the largest effect on Earth’s climate?
(Sec. 9.4)
a. methane
b. nitrous oxide
c. carbon dioxide
d. chlorofluorocarbons _____
15. Which of the greenhouse gases is commonly used as a refrigeration agent and has no natural
sources? (Sec. 9.4)
a. carbon dioxide
b. methane
c. nitrous oxide
d. chlorofluorocarbons _____
16. The anthropogenic greenhouse effect is (Sec. 9.4)
a. a natural occurrence.
b. caused naturally and by humans.
c. caused by humans only.
d. decreasing climate change. _____

17. The increase in the amount of lower – energy infrared radiation trapped by the atmosphere as a
result of higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities, which is
leading to an increase in Earth’s average global temperature, is called (Sec. 9.4)
b. thermal expansion.
c. the natural greenhouse effect.
d. the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. _____
18. Which of the following Canadian provinces is Canada’s largest producer of greenhouse gases?
(Sec. 9.5)
a. British Columbia
b. Quebec
c. Ontario
d. Alberta__
19. Each year in Canada, the production and use of energy produces about (Sec. 9.5)
a. 3.24 Mt Co2 – eq
b. 32.4 Mt Co2 – eq
c. 324 Mt Co2 – eq
d. 3240 Mt Co2 – eq _____
20. The main component of natural gas is (Sec. 9.5)
a. nitrous oxide.
b. ozone.
c. methane.
d. carbon dioxide. _____
21. Canada’s forests are (Sec. 9.5)
a. valuable natural resources.
b. carbon sinks.
c. carbon sources.
22. What do scientists use to determine what causes changes in Earth’s climate? (Sec. 9.6)
a. complex computer models

b. past observations
c. all of the above
23. Over the last 50 years, which of the following has had the most significant effect on Earth’s
climate? (Sec. 9.6)
a. thermal expansion
b. volcanic eruption
c. change in ocean currents
d. anthropogenic greenhouse effect
24. Over the last 40 years, the greatest loss of sea ice has occurred (Sec. 9.1)
a. in the Antarctic during winter.
b. in the Antarctic during summer.
c. in the Arctic during winter.
d. in the Arctic during summer. _____
25. As the global temperature has risen, the average size of glaciers all over the world has (Sec. 9.1)
a. increased slightly.
b. decreased.
c. stayed relatively constant.
d. increased significantly. ISU – C9 – 4 _____
26. When floating sea ice and icebergs melt, the global sea level (Sec. 9.1)
a. rises significantly.
b. rises slightly.
c. decreases slightly.
d. remains relatively constant. _____
27. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted completely, it would raise the global sea level by about (Sec.
9.1)
a. 2 m.
b. 7 m.
c. 15 m.
d. 25 m. _____
28. Hurricanes have become more intense, due to (Sec. 9.1)
a. cooler ocean temperatures.
b. warmer ocean temperatures.
c. higher global sea levels.
d. lower global sea levels. _____
29. Which of the following is true statement regarding evidence of recent climate changes? (Sec. 9.1)
a. Heat waves are becoming less intense.
b. Animal and plant species are slowly migrating toward the poles and to higher altitudes.
c. The northern hemisphere is experiencing less rain and more snow.
d. Many areas are experiencing shorter growing seasons. _____
30. Which of the following is an example of a natural satellite of Earth? (Sec. 9.1)
a. weather satellites
b. navigational satellites
c. the Moon
d. broadcasting satellites _____
31. Which of the following is a (are) true statement(s) about the possible effects of a decreasing sea
ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic? (Sec. 9.2)
a. It could make travel along Canada’s northern coast easier for ships.
b. It could make survival difficult for polar bears.
c. It could make survival difficult for emperor penguins.
d. all of the above
32. Scientific studies conclude that the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is due to (Sec.
9.4)
a. natural causes.
b. human activities.
c. all of the above.
33. About two – thirds of nitrous oxide emissions come from (Sec. 9.4)
a. coal mining.
b. natural gas extraction.
c. fossil fuels.
d. the management of livestock feed and waste. _____
34. The anthropogenic greenhouse effect (Sec. 9.4)
a. causes the natural greenhouse effect.
b. enhances the natural greenhouse effect.
c. offsets the natural greenhouse effect.
d. is weaker than the natural greenhouse effect. _____
35. Scientific data related to changes in carbon dioxide concentration and global temperatures over
the past 400 000 years shows (Sec. 9.4)
a. that increases in carbon dioxide concentration cause global temperature to rise.
b. that global temperature rise causes increases in carbon dioxide concentrations.
c. a strong correlation between global temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations.
36. The province of Ontario releases more than (Sec. 9.5)
a. 100 thousand tonnes of greenhouse gases per year.
b. 200 thousand tonnes of greenhouse gases per year.
c. 100 million tonnes of greenhouse gases per year.
d. 200 million tonnes of greenhouse gases per year. _____
37. Which of the following is a true statement regarding Earth’s climate changes now and in the past?
(Sec. 9.6)
a. Today’s changes are mainly a result of natural events.
b. Past changes were mainly a result of human activities.
c. Today’s changes are mainly a result of human activities.
D. Both today’s changes and past changes are mainly a result of natural events. _____
38. Computer simulations created by scientists show that over the past 50 years, Earth’s climate (Sec.
9.6)
a. changes have mainly occurred due to natural causes.
b. changes have mainly occurred due to human influences.

c. changes have been influenced equally by natural causes and human influences.
d. has not changed. _____
39. Climate models have shown that (Sec. 9.6)
a. human activities are likely causing the current climate change.
b. human activities are probably not the cause of climate change.
c. carbon sinks such as forests and oceans can absorb all greenhouse gases.
d. the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is within its normal range. ISU – C9 – 6 _____
40. Which of the following statements is true regarding Earth’s climate? (Sec. 9.6)
a. Greenhouse gas levels are lower today than they have been at any time in the past 800 000 years.
b. Any major change in current climate conditions will have drastic effects on human civilization.
c. Earth’s average temperature is warmer than it has ever been.
d. The current temperature increase is likely to happen more gradually than in the past. _____
41. Global climate change is influenced by (Pg. 397)
a. natural factors only.
b. human factors only.
c. all of the above
d. none of the above Inquiry / Thinking: _____
42. What have scientists concluded about Earth’s average temperature, by tracking and recording
annual average temperature over the past several years? (Sec. 9.1)
a. Earth’s average temperature shows random increases and decreases over time, with no noticeable
trend.
b. Earth’s average temperature has decreased gradually over time.
c. Earth’s average temperature has shown an upward trend over time.
d. Earth’s average temperature changes too often to make it useful in predicting future temperatures.
_____
43. The following all scientists who measure and analyze evidence of climate change, except (Sec. 9.1)
a. meteorologists.
b. climatologists.
c. glaciologists
. d. biologists. _____
44. Since 1880, Earth’s temperature has (Sec. 9.1)
a. risen slightly every year.
b. dropped slightly every year.
c. shown an upward trend.
d. shown a downward trend. _____
45. The highest temperature increases have occurred (Sec. 9.1)
b. in the southern hemisphere.
c. in the northern hemisphere.
d. over the oceans. _____
46. Scientists estimate that in just a few years, summer ice in the Arctic will (Sec. 9.1)
a. decrease by 25%.
b. decrease by 50%.
c. decrease by 75%.
d. completely disappear.
47. What has been responsible for rising sea levels over the past one hundred years? (Sec. 9.1)
a. runoff from melting glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets
b. thermal expansion of the oceans
c. all of the above
d. none of the above ____ Earth's climate system depends on

48. Human – produced sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide include (Sec. 9.4)
a. volcanic eruptions.
b. combustion of coal and oil.
c. cellular respiration of plants and animals.
d. combustion of organic matter during decomposition. _____
49. All of the following compounds are present in the photosynthesis equation, except (Sec. 9.4)
a. carbon dioxide.
B. methane.
c. glucose.
d. water. _____
50. Methane emissions come from which of the following sources? (Sec. 9.4)
a. rice farming and cattle ranching.
b. the decay of organic material in landfills and sewage treatment plants.
c. coal mining and natural gas extraction.
51. Which of the following is an (are) effect(s) of deforestation? (Sec. 9.4)
a. It stops the forest from absorbing carbon.
b. It releases stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
c. all of the above
52. As the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, (Sec. 9.4)
a. more energy is trapped, which leads to an increase in Earth’s global temperature.
b. more energy is trapped, which leads to a decrease in Earth’s global temperature.
c. less energy is trapped, which leads to an increase in Earth’s global temperature.
d. less energy is trapped, which leads to a decrease in Earth’s global temperature. _____
53. If human production of greenhouse gases continues at the present rate, by the end of this century
Earth’s average global temperature will likely (Sec. 9.4)
a. decrease by 2 oC to 6 oC.
b. increase by 2 oC to 6 oC.
c. remain relatively constant.
D. increase by over 10 oC. ISU – C9 – 8 _____
54. All of the following are anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases in Canada, except (Sec. 9.5)
a. producing and using energy.
b. transportation.
c. fugitive emissions.
d. volcanic eruptions. _____
55. Which is Canada’s greatest source of greenhouse gases? (Sec. 9.5)
a. agriculture
b. transportation
c. energy production and use
d. land use and forestry _____
56. What is the main cause of recent changes in Earth’s climate? (Sec. 9.6)
a. volcanic eruptions
b. changes in oceanic currents
c. changes in air currents
d. human activities _____
57. Scientists are worried about the likelihood of a temperature increase for all of the following reasons,
except (Sec. 9.6)
a. It is likely to occur very gradually.
b. The temperature increase will be greater than anything seen in the past 800 000 years.
c. Human civilization has adapted to current climate conditions.
d. It is likely to occur more quickly than in the past.
1. A source of energy that produces no significant greenhouse gases is called a(n) (Sec. 10.1)
a. anthropogenic energy source.
b. clean energy source.
c. sterile energy source.
d. green energy source. _____
2. A scientific forecast of future climate based on observations and computer models is called a (Sec.
10.1)
a. climate prediction.
b. climate forecast.
c. climate projection.
d. climate plan. _____
3. Wind is used to turn wind turbines, which power generators to produce electricity in which clean
source of energy? (Sec. 10.1)
a. hydroelectricity
b. geothermal energy
c. solar power
d. wind power _____
4. Energy below Earth’s surface is used to heat homes and other buildings with which clean energy
source? (Sec. 10.1)
a. nuclear power
c. solar power
d. wind power ISU – C10 – 1 _____
5. Panels absorb energy from the Sun and convert it into electricity in which clean source energy?
(Sec. 10.1)
a. nuclear power
b. biofuels
c. geothermal energy
d. solar power _____
6. The energy of moving water turns turbines to power generators which produce electricity in which
clean source of energy? (Sec. 10.1)
a. geothermal energy
b. wind power
c. hydroelectricity
d. solar power _____
7. Plant – based fuels are used to produce energy in which clean source of energy? (Sec. 10.1)
b. biofuels
c. hydroelectricity
d. nuclear power _____
8. The nuclei of atoms are split to create energy in which clean source of energy? (Sec. 10.1)
b. biofuels
c. hydroelectricity
d. nuclear power _____

9. A group of several thousand climate scientists formed in 1988 to summarize the latest scientific
research on climate change. This group is called the (Sec. 10.2)
a. World Health Organization.
b. Environmental Protection Agency.
c. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
d. Kyoto Protocol. _____
10. Studies show that the most dramatic impact of climate change is being observed (Sec. 10.2)
b. at low altitudes
c. in the world’s rain forests.
d. in Arctic areas. _____
11. The use of technology to change Earth’s environment is called (Pg. 418)
a. geoengineering.
b. mitigation.
c. ecoengineering.
12. Which of the following is an example of geoengineering? (Pg. 418)
a. mirrors in space to reflect part of the Sun’s radiation back into space.
b. fertilizing the oceans to increase algal growth.
c. farming the algae to be used for the absorption of carbon dioxide produced by factories.
13. In Canada, which of the following may increase in population due to higher temperatures? (Sec.
10.3)
a. seals
b. white – tailed deer
c. polar bears
d. trout _____
14. Actions that are taken to reduce unwanted change are referred to as (Sec. 10.4)
a. litigation.
b. geoengineering.
c. mitigation.
15. Most experts agree that to avoid the most dangerous impacts of climate change, we must limit the
overall global temperature increase to (Sec. 10.4)
a. 0.5 oC.
b. 1 oC.
c. 2 oC.
d. 3 oC. _____
16. To have a chance of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 450 ppm by 2050, all industrial
nations would have to cut their greenhouse gas emissions by what percentage (relative to their 1990
level of emissions)? (Sec. 10.4)
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 80% _____
17. The plan within the United Nations for controlling greenhouse gas emissions is called the (Sec.
10.4)
a. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
b. Kyoto Protocol.
c. Montreal Protocol.
18. The Kyoto Protocol requires industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to
specific concentrations by (Sec. 10.4)
a. 2010.
b. 2012.
c. 2015.
d. 2020.
19. The international Copenhagen Agreement, which sets guidelines to limit the impact of climate
change, will take effect in the year (Sec. 10.4)
a. 2010.
b. 2012.
c. 2013.
d. 2015. _____
20. In April 2007, the Canadian government unveiled a new plan to reduce greenhouse gases and air
pollution. It has been labelled the (Sec. 10.4)
a. Kyoto Protocol.
b. Montreal Protocol.
c. Turning the Corner Plan.
d. Copenhagen Agreement. _____
21. Canada’s Turning the Corner Plan states a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by the year
2020 by (Sec. 10.4)
a. 10%.
b. 20%.
c. 30%.
d. 40%. _____
22. The government of Ontario issued its own plan on climate change in August 2007. This plan has
been called (Sec. 10.4)
a. Turning the Corner.
b. Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change.
c. Ontario’s Protocol.
d. Ontario’s Agreement. _____
~23. According to Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change, Ontario will stop burning coal
at their remaining four coal – fired generating stations by (Sec. 10.4)
a. 2010.
b. 2012.
c. 2014.
d. 2016. _____
24. Which of the following cities in Canada have begun local programs aimed at conserving energy and
reducing greenhouse gas emissions? (Sec. 10.4)
a. Toronto
b. Calgary
c. Halifax
25. Planning how to deal with future climate changes is called (Sec. 10.4)
a. adaptation.
b. mitigation.
c. geoengineering.
d. climate projection. ISU – C10 – 4 _____
26. Which of the following is an example of an adaptation? (Sec. 10.4)
a. studying how farmers can grow crops that survive higher temperatures
b. using mirrors in space to reflect back some of the Sun’s radiation
c. fertilizing the oceans to increase carbon dioxide absorption
d. farming algae to be processed as fuel _____
a. adaptation.
b. mitigation.
c. geoengineering.
d. stewardship. _____
28. The volunteer organization for adults to get involved in caring for Ontario’s environment and
dealing with climate change is called (Sec. 10.5)
a. Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change.
b. Turning the Corner Plan.
c. Ontario Stewardship.
d. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. _____
29. What are the two largest sources of personal greenhouse gas emissions in Canada? (Sec. 10.5)
a. transportation and lighting
b. transportation and home heating and cooling
c. lighting and water heating
d. home heating and cooling and appliances _____

30. About what percentage of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions comes from the activities of
individuals? (Sec. 10.5)
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 33% _____
31. In 2006, the Conservative government proposed a plan for Canada to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. This plan was called the (Sec. 10.6)
a. Clean Air Act.
b. Canadian Stewardship Act.
c. Canadian Protocol.
d. Go Green Program
32. Which of the following is an example of how a green roof, such as the one on the Vancouver
Convention and Exhibition Centre, helps protect the environment? (Pg. 404)
a. Green roofs are covered with plants that absorb the Sun’s energy and use it for photosynthesis,
instead of emitting thermal energy back into the atmosphere.
b. Green roofs provide better insulation for buildings, which reduces the amount of energy used for
heating and cooling.
c. Green roofs improve air quality.
33. Earth’s climate system depends on (Sec. 10.1 – Pg. 407)
a. the carbon and water cycles.
b. concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
c. positive and negative feedback loops.
34. Arctic sea ice is melting (Sec. 10.1)
a. more slowly than the climate models predicted.
b. more quickly than the climate models predicted.
c. at a rate consistent with the climate models’ predications.

35. Scientists have discovered that even if our emissions remain constant, since the rate at which the
ocean and living things absorb carbon is (Sec. 10.1)
a. slower than previously thought, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase faster
than we expected.
b. slower than previously thought, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase slower
than we expected.
c. faster than previously thought, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase faster
than we expected.
d. faster than previously thought, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase slower
than we expected. _____
36. Which of the following factors makes predicting climate change difficult for scientists? (Sec. 10.1)
a. Scientists cannot predict ocean currents.
b. Scientists cannot understand the albedo effect.
c. Scientists do not know what choices people will make.
d. It is not possible to measure concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. _____
37. Which alternative source of energy produces hazardous waste? (Sec. 10.1)
a. geothermal
b. solar
c. hydroelectricity
d. nuclear
38. The disintegration of the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets should raise sea levels by
almost (Sec. 10.1)
a. 1.5 m.
b. 15 m.
c. 150 m.
d. 1500 m. _____
39. Which of the following is a possible effect that climate change in the Arctic could have on the rest
of the world? (Sec. 10.2)
a. changes in shipping and transportation
b. rising sea levels
c. increased release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

40. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the impact of climate changes in the Arctic on
the rest of the Earth? (Sec. 10.2)
a. Climate change in the Arctic does not significantly affect the rest of the world.
b. As Arctic ice melts, the ocean and land will absorb less of the Sun’s energy.
c. Fresh water flowing into the Arctic Ocean from melting ice may slow or even stop ocean currents that
transport thermal energy around the globe.
d. Melting permafrost will likely decrease the greenhouse effect. _____
41. By 2100, Ontario’s average temperature (Sec. 10.3)
a. could increase 3 to 6 oC in the winter.
b. could decrease 3 to 6 oC in the summer.
c. will increase only if fossil fuel consumption increases.
d. will stay the same if current trends continue. _____
42. As carbon dioxide levels and temperatures increase, Canadian ecosystems are likely to change in
which of the following ways? (Sec. 10.3)
a. More area will be covered by tundra.
b. Less area will have a temperate climate.
c. More area will be covered by grasslands.
d. More area will have a boreal ecosystem. _____
43. Over the last 100 years, global temperatures have risen by (Sec. 10.4)
a. 0.54 oC.
b. 0.74 oC.
c. 0.92 oC.
d. 1 oC. _____
44. Which sector of the economy is the greatest source of greenhouse gas emission? (Sec. 10.4)
a. electric power production.
b. agricultural and residential energy use.
c. transportation.
d. industrial emissions.
45. The following graph shows the major sources of personal greenhouse gas emissions in Canada.
Individuals can make a large impact on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by doing which of
the following? (Sec. 10.5)
a. walking, biking, or carpooling to work and school
b. buying a fuel – efficient automobile
c. flying less
46. Purchasing carbon offset credits, for programs such as the creation of clean energy sources or
reforestation in Brazil, helps to (Sec. 10.5)
a. reduce our personal production of greenhouse gases.
b. reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero.
c. achieve carbon neutrality.
47. Giving money to a cause such as reforestation in Brazil is an example of (Sec. 10.5)
a. stewardship.
b. purchasing carbon offset credits.
c. mitigation.
d. adaptation. _____
48. Helping to rehabilitate wetlands is an example of (Sec. 10.5)
a. stewardship.
b. geoengineering
c. mitigation.
d. adaptation. _____
49. Which of the following is a reason to take action to help reduce climate change? (Sec. 10.5)
a. to protect people’s health
b. to save money by avoiding the need for adaptations to a new climate
c. to protect traditional activities such as hunting and fishing
d. all of the above
50. The main opposition to the 2006 Clean Air Act for Canada was based on its (Sec. 10.6)
a. projected costs.
b. unobtainable goals.
c. lack of stringency.
d. fairness to large businesses.
51. To develop future climate scenarios, such as the one related to global warming shown below. (Sec.
10.1)
a. how faster the world’s population will increase b. what kinds of technologies we will be using in the
future.
c. what energy sources we will be using in the future
52. All of the following are examples of clean energy sources, except (Sec. 10.1)
a. hydroelectricity.
b. nuclear power.
c. fossil fuels.
d. geothermal energy. _____
53. Which of the following energy sources contributes to Earth’s climate change? (Sec. 10.1)
a. wind power
c. fossil fuels
d. biofuels ISU – C10 – 9 _____
54. The following are all examples of projected climate changes in the Arctic, Greenland, or Antarctic,
except (Sec. 10.2)
a. glaciers and ice sheets are expected to melt.
b. polar bears will have trouble adapting.
c. some agricultural land could become desert.
d. traditional ways of life may be lost. _____
55. The following are all examples of projected climate changes in Africa, except (Sec. 10.2)
a. more water shortages.
b. crops may suffer.
c. low coastal areas could have increased flooding.
d. glaciers are projected to gradually melt. _____

56. Due to the albedo effect, climate change is occurring more rapidly in (Sec. 10.2)
a. Africa.
b. the Arctic.
c. Latin America.
d. North America. _____
57. Which of the following illnesses may increase in Ontario due to climate change? (Sec. 10.3)
a. West Niles virus and Lyme disease
b. strokes related to heat stress
c. respiratory illnesses
58. According to Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change, Ontario will reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions by all of the following, except (Sec. 10.4)
a. 6% by 2014.
b. 15% by 2020.
c. 70% by 2025.
d. 80% by 2050. _____
59. Which of the following items is included in Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change?
(Sec. 10.4)
a. legislation to fast – track the approval of renewable energy projects
b. the planting of 50 million trees in southern Ontario by 2020
c. the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission by 80% by 2050
60. All of the following methods of reducing climate change would fall mainly on the agricultural
industry, except (Sec. 10.4)
a. collecting methane from landfills and using it for energy.
b. restoring polluted land so that it stores more carbon than it emits.
c. reducing methane emissions in rice and cattle farming.
d. using less nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. ISU – C10 – 10 _____
61. All of the following methods of reducing climate change would fall mainly on the forestry industry,
except (Sec. 10.4)
a. planting more forests and replacing trees that are cut down.
b. reducing deforestation.
c. managing forests carefully so that they are carbon sinks, not carbon sources.
d. restoring polluted land so that it absorbs more carbon than it emits. _____
62. Carbon offset credits allow people to (Sec. 10.5)
a. pay extra for fossil fuels.
b. support carbon – reducing activities to offset their own fossil fuel use.
c. bury the carbon they use in underground caves.
d. get money for each liter of gasoline they save. _____
63. According to Ontario’s Science Curriculum, all of the following are values that are central to
responsible stewardship, except (Sec. 10.5)
a. Use non – renewable resources with care.
b. Purchase carbon offset credits when possible.
c. Switch to renewable resources when possible.
d. Reuse and recycle what we can. _____
64. All of the following are reasons to take action at reducing climate change, except (Sec. 10.5)
a. to protect people’s health.
b. to save money.
c. to learn new adaptation skills.
d. to preserve traditions.

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A meteorologist’s weather prediction would include all of the following, except (Sec. 8.

c. average summer temperatures.

d. atmospheric pressure. _____

2. Which of the following is related to the climate of a region? (Sec. 8.1)

b. average winter snowfall

c. today’s relative humidity

d. presence of fog _____

d. climate modeler _____

d. satellites. ISU – C8 – 1 _____

c. presence of ocean or air currents

d. all of the above _____

6. Earth’s climate system is powered by (Sec. 8.3)

d. infrared radiation. _____

8. Which of the following describes ultraviolet radiation? (Sec. 8.3)

a. visible, short wave – length, high – energy

b. invisible, long wave – length, high – energy

c. invisible, short wave – length, high – energy

d. invisible, short wave – length, low – energy _____

a. A portion of it is reflected back to space by the clouds.

b. Over half of it is absorbed by Earth’s surface.

c. Nearly half of it transmits through Earth.

d. A portion of it is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. _____

d. living things _____

11. The hydrosphere includes (Sec. 8.4)

a. only liquid water.

b. only liquid water and ice.

c. only ice and water vapour.

d. only liquid water, ice, and water vapour. ISU – C8 – 2 _____

d. the lithosphere _____

a. more than 100 km

b. more than 1000 km

c. about 10 km d. less than 1 km _____

14. The air we breathe is (Sec. 8.4)

a. 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% other gases.

c. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.

d. 49% nitrogen, 49% oxygen, 2% other gases. _____

15. Which of the outermost layer of the atmosphere? (Sec. 8.4)

a. mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

b. stratosphere, thermosphere, lithosphere

c. thermosphere, hydrosphere, exosphere

d. troposphere, lithosphere, mesosphere _____

d. exosphere ISU – C8 – 3 _____

a. Clean Air Act.

b. Drive Clean Program.

c. Ontario Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

d. Vehicle Emissions Act. _____

20. Greenhouse gases have the special ability to (Sec. 8.6)

a. absorb energy from UV radiation.

b. absorb energy from IR radiation.

c. vibrate when they absorb UV radiation.

d. emit UV radiation. _____

21. Earth’s average temperature is around (Sec. 8.6)

b. burning of organic matter.

d. cellular respiration. _____

a. water vapour, nitrogen gas, methane

b. carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen gas

c. carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen gas

a. can absorb 23 times as much thermal energy as carbon dioxide.

b. can emit 23 times as much thermal energy as ozone.

c. is powerful pollutant that causes respiratory problems.

d. is the number one contributor to the greenhouse effect. _____

D. water vapour. ISU – C8 – 4 _____

a. methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide

b. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide