acts as agent of the owner and manages the use of a building for him.
3. Air craft service station - That
portion of an airport where flammable liquids are stored or dispensed and shall include all facilities essential thereto such as underground tanks from which aircraft fuel and lubricants maybe drawn through dispensing device. 4. Alligatoring or Alligator Pattern - A burned patternn usually on woods resembling the skin marking of an alligator, often used to trace the fire to its origin.
5. Assembly Occupancy - The
occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof by a group of person for civic, political education travel, religious, social, amusement or recreational purposes.
6. Atoms - The smallest particles of
elements that take part in a chemical reaction.
7. Automatic Fire Suppression
System – An integrated system of underground or overhead piping or both connected to a source of extinguishing agent or medium and design in accordance with fire protection engineering standards which when actuated by its automatic detecting device, suppresses fire within the area protected.
8. Blasting Agent – Any material or
mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to set off explosives.
9. Boiling Point - The temperature at
which a liquid is transformed or converted to vapor.
10. Cargo Tank - Any container
mounted on a tank vehicle with a capacity of at least four hundred fifty (450) liters used for carrying flammable or combustible liquids. It does not apply to the fuel tank of a motor vehicle.
11. Cellulose Nitrate or Nitro
Cellulose – A highly combustible and explosive compound produced by the reaction of nitric acid with a cellulose material.
12. Cellulose Nitrate Plastic
(Pyroxylin) – Any plastic substance, materials or compound having cellulose nitrate (nitro cellulose) as base. 13. Chief of the Local Fire Service - The official duly designated to head the local fire service; or in cities/ municipalities where the policemen are also performing the functions of the Fire service, the station commander of the Integrated National Police.
14. Class A fire - Fire involving
ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and plastics.
15. Class B fire – Fire inflammable
liquids and gases.
16. Class C fire – Fire involving
energized electrical equipment. 17. Class D fire – Fire involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, and other similar materials.
18. Combination Standpipe – Pipe
line system filled with water connected to a constant water supply for the use of the Fire Service and the occupants of the buildings solely for the suppression purposes.
19. Combustible Fiber Loose
House – An enclosed and isolated structure where loose fibers are worked upon, and used as storage for such fibers. 20. Combustible Fiber – Any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such as cotton, oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste paper, kapok, hay, straw, Spanish moss, excelsior and other similar materials commonly used in commerce.
21. Combustible, Flammable or
Inflammable – Descriptive of materials that are easily set on fire.
22. Combustible Liquid – Any liquid
having a flash point at or above 37.8oC (100oF).
23. Combustion - The burning of any
substance, is a process that evolves light and heat. 24. Corrosive Liquid – Any liquid which causes fire when in contract with organic matter or with certain chemicals.
25. Crazing of Glass - Formation of
irregular cracks in glass due to rapid intense heat - possibly when accelerant is used.
26. Cryogenic – Descriptive of any
material which by its nature or as a result of its reaction with other elements produces a rapid drop in temperature of the immediate surroundings. 27. Curtain Board – A vertical panel of non-combustible or fire resistive materials attached to and extending below the bottom chord of the roof trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into separate compartments so that heat and smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent.
28. Damper – A normally open device
installed inside an air duct system which automatically closes to restrict the passage of smoke or fire.
29. Depth of Char - Depth of burning
wood used to determine length of burn thereby locating the point of origin of fire. 30. Dip Tank – a tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for the purposed of coating, finishing, treating or similar processes.
31. Distillation – The process of first
raising the temperature to separate the more volatile from the less volatile parts and then cooling and condensing the result vapor so as to produce a nearly purified substance.
32. Dry Standpipe – A type of
standpipe system in which the pipe are normally not filled with water. Water is introduced into the system thru fire Service connection when needed.
33. Duct System - A continuous
passageway for the transmission of air.
34. Dust – A finely powdered
substance which, when mixed with air in the proper proportion and ignited will cause an explosion.
35. Electrical Arc – An extremely hot
luminous bridge formed by the passage of an electric current across a space between two conductors or terminals due to the incandescence of the conducting vapor. 36. Ember – A hot piece of lump that remains after a material has partially burned, and is still oxidizing without the manifestation of flames.
37. Endothermic Reaction - Changes
whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
38. Exothermic Reaction - Those that
release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
39. Explosive – Includes any
chemical compound or mechanical mixture, that is commonly used or intended for the purpose of producing an explosion.
40. Explosive Magazine – building,
Structures or facilities used for the storage of explosive shells, projectile and ammunition.
41. Finishes – Materials used as final
coasting of a surface for ornamental or protective purposes.
42. Fire – The active principle of
burning, characterized by the heat and light of combustion.
43. Fire Alarm – Any visual or audible
signal produce by a device or system to warm the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger of fire to enable them to undertake immediate action to save file and property and to suppress the fire.
44. Fire Alerting System – A fire
alarm system activated by the presence of a fire, where the signal is transmitted to designated location instead of sounding a general alarm, in order to prevent panic.
45. Fire Door – A fire resistive door
prescribed for openings in fire separation walls or portions.
46. Fire Engine - A heavy motor truck
equipped with fire fighting apparatus, especially power driven pumps for throwing water and chemical under high pressure, a.k.a. FIRE TRUCK.
47. Fire Exit Drill – A practice drill for
the orderly and safe evacuation of occupants in a building.
48. Fire Hazard – Any condition or
act which increases or may cause an increase in the probability of the occurrence of fire, or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or interfere with fire fighting operations and the safeguarding of life and property.
49. Fire Hydrant or Fire Plug - An
upright pipe with a spout or nozzle in the street for drawing from a water main source especially for fighting fire.
50. Fire Inspector/Fire Safety
Inspector/ or Fire Prevention Inspector – Personnel of the Fire Service of the INP performing Fire safety and fire prevention functions.
51. Fire Lane – The portion of a
roadway or public-way that should be kept opened and unobstructed at all times for the expedient operations of fire fighting units.
52. Fire Protective Assembly - An
assembly incorporated in a structure designed to prevent the spread of fire, such as dampers, curtain boards, fire stoppers, etc..
53. Fire Protective and Fire Safety
Device – Any device intended for the protection of buildings or persons to include but not limited to built-in protection system such as sprinklers and other automatic extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke and combustion products and other warning system components, personal protective equipment such as fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves and other garments that may be put on or worn by persons to protect themselves during fire. 54. Fire Resistance Rating - Th time durationn that a material or construction can withstand the effect of hundred fire test.
55. Fire Safety Construction – Refers
to design and installation of walls, barriers, doors, windows, vents, means of egress etc. integral to and incorporated into a building or structure in order to minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic before the building is evacuated. These features are also designed to achieved, among others, safe and rapid evacuation of people through means of egress sealed from smoke or fire, the confinement of fire of the building by means of smoke-sealed and fire resistant doors, walls and floors. It shall also means to include the treatment of building components or contents with flame retardant chemicals.
56. Fire Service – An organization or
a component of integrated National Police charged with the mission of fire protection, fire protection and fire conditions.
57. Fire Trap – A building unsafe in
case of fire because it will burn easily or because it lacks adequate exits or fire escapes.
58. Fire Wall – a wall designed to
prevent the spread of fire, having a fire resistance rating of not less than four hours with sufficient structural stability to remain standing even if construction on either side collapses under fire condition.
59. Flame Retardant – Any
compound, or mixture which when applied properly improves the fire resistant quality of fabrics and other materials.
60. Flame Spread Rating – The time
in which flame will spread over the surface of a burning material.
61. Flash Point – The minimum
temperature at which any materials gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air.
62. Forging – A process where a
piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimensions.
63. Fulminate – A kind of stable
explosive compound, which explodes by percussion.
64. Fumigant – A gas, fume, or vapor
used for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, rodents, or other pets.
65. Hazardous Fire Area – Any land
covered with dry grass, cogon, reeds, brush, and other highly combustible growth that fires are likely to occur therein and hard to suppress.
66. Hazardous Operation/Process –
Any act of manufacturing, fabrication, conversion, etc., that uses or produces materials which are likely to cause fires or explosions.
67. High Rise Building – Buildings,
structures or facilities fifteen (15) meter or more in height.
68. Horizontal Channel – Any
uninterrupted space between horizontal layers of stored commodities. Such channel may be formed by pallets, shelving, racks or other storage arrangements. 69. Horizontal Exit – Passageway from one building to another or through or around a wall in approximately the same floor level.
70. Hose Box – A box or cabinet
where fire hoses, valves and other equipment are stored and arranged for fire fighting.
71. Hose Reel – A cylindrical device
turning on an axis around which a fire hose is wound and connected.
72. Hydrocarbon - Any substance
containing primarily carbon and hydrogen. 73. Hypergolic Fuel – A rocket or liquid propellant, which consists of combinations of fuels and oxidizers which ignite spontaneously on contact with each other.
74. Industrial Baking and Drying –
The industrial process of subjecting materials to heat for the purpose of removing solvents or moisture from the same, and/or to fuse certain chemical salts to from a uniform glazing on the surface of materials being treated.
75. Jumper – A piece of metal or an
electrical conductor used to bypass a safety device in an electrical system. 76. Line of Demarcation or Demarcation Line - The line between the charred and uncharred portion of a burned material.
77. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) –
any flammable gas liquefied through pressure. The liquid vaporized under normal atmospheric pressure.
78. Means of Egress – A continuous
and unobstructed route of exit from any point in a building, structure or facility to a public way.
79. Occupancy – The purpose for
which a building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used. 80. Occupant – Any person actually occupying and using a building or portions thereof by virtue of a lease contract with the owner or administrator or by permission or sufferance of the latter.
81. Occupant Load – The maximum
number of persons that may be allowed to occupy a particular building, structure or facility or portions thereof.
82. Oil Burning Equipment – An oil
burner of any type together with its tank, piping, wiring controls, blower and related devices, and shall include all oil fired units, heating and cooking appliances. 83. Organic Coating – A liquid mixture of binders such as alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic, or oil, and flammable and combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon, ester, ketone or alcohol, which when spread on a surface becomes a durable protective and decorative finish.
84. Organic Peroxide – A strong
oxidizing organic compound which releases oxygen readily. It causes fire when in contact with combustible materials especially under conditions of high temperature.
85. Overloading – The use of one or
more electrical appliances or devices which draw or consume electrical current beyond the designed capacity of the existing electrical system.
86. Owner – The person who holds
the legal rights of possession or title to a building or real property.
87. Oxidation - The act of uniting or of
causing a substance to unite with oxygen.
88. Oxidizing Agent - The substance
that acquires electrons during an oxidation-reduction reaction. In the course of the reaction, the oxidizing agent is reduced. 89. Oxidizing Material – A material that readily yields oxygen in quantities sufficient to stimulate or support combustion.
90. Panic Hardware – A mechanical
device consisting of linkages and a horizontal bar across a door, which when pushed from the inside will cause the door to open and facilitate exit from a building, structure or facility.
91. Packing Rooms – Rooms where
baled, bundled or piled materials are segregated into desires sizes or groups. 92. Plenum – An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected and which form part of an air distribution system.
93. Point to Point Search - A method
of searching victims by first attending or saving the first person then proceeding to save the next victim.
94. Pressurized or Forced Draft
Burning Equipment – Type of burner where the fuel is subjected to pressure prior to discharge into the combustion chamber and/or which includes fans or other provisions for the introduction of air at above normal atmospheric pressure into the same combustion chamber. 95. Public Assembly Building – Any building or structure where fifty (50) or more people congregate, gather, or assemble for any purpose.
96. Public Way – Any street, alley or
other strip of land unobstructed from the ground to the sky, deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated for public use.
97. Pyrophoric – Descriptive of any
substance that ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
98. Refining – A process where
impurities and/or deleterious materials are removed from a mixture in order to produce a pure element or compound. It shall also refer to partial distillation and electrolysis.
99. Self-Closing Doors – Automatic
closing doors that are designed to confine smoke and heat and delay the spread of fire.
100. Smelting – Melting or fusing of
metallic ores or compounds so as to separate impurities from pure materials.
101. Smoke Developed Rating – A
rating of a combustible materials based on the density and volume of smoke developed within a certain period of time when its surface is ignited.
102. Smoking – Puffing, carrying
and/or use of lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette or tobacco in any form.
103. Specific Gravity - The ratio of the
weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
104. Spontaneous Combustion - The
ignition of combustible substance without the applicationof flame or spark due to continuing oxidation until enough heat accumulates in a confined space and ignition temperature is released. 105. Spraying Area – Any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapor or combustible residues, dust or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying devices.
106. Sprinkler System – An integrated
network of hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure or area with outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which automatically discharges water when activated by heat or combustion products from a fire.
107. Standpipe System – A system of
vertical pipes in a building to which fire hoses can be attached on each floor, including a system by which water is made available to the outlets as needed.
108. Tampering - The act of bringing
about an improper situation or condition by clandestine means, such as illegally wiring an electrical matter to steal electricity.
109. Tank Vehicle – Any vehicle
carrying or towing a cargo tank used for transporting flammable fluids or hazardous chemicals.
110. Technology - The branch of
knowledge that deals with industrial arts and sciences; the science of technical process.
111. Triage - The act of separating
rescued victims to facilitate uniform medical assistance.
112. Vapor Density - The weight of the
volume of pure gas composed to the weight of a volume of dry air on the same temperature and pressure.
113. Vapor Pressure - When liquid is
heated in a liquid container, the molecules in a liquid state escape to form gaseous molecules. The gas molecules strike one another as well as the walls of the container and may return to the liquid state; the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of the liquid at equilibrium.
114. Vestibule – A passage hall or
antechamber between the outer doors and the interior parts of a house or building.
115. Vertical Shaft – An enclosed
vertical space of passage that extends from floor to floor, as well as from the base to the top of the building.